PURPOSE: DNA mismatch repair gene is responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. But it is not well known its role in sporadic colorectal cancer patients. We analysed normal hMSH2, hMLH1 protein expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and corresponding normal tissues to find out the role of mismatch repair gene in sporadic colorectal cancer by Western blotting. METHODS: Normal hMSH2 and hMLH1 protein expression was studied on 25 colorectal cancer and corresponding normal tissue by Western blot with hMSH2 and hMLH1 monoclonal antibody. Normal protein band was expressed on 100 kD in hMSH2 and 87 kD in hMLH1. SW480 and LoVo cell line was used as positive and negative control for hMSH2 and LoVo and SW480 as positive and negative for hMLH1. And we analysed the relation between the hMSH2, hMLH1 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: It was 2 cases (8%) that both hMSH2 and hMLH1 protein expression was not observed. Three cases (12%) were negative for hMSH2 and 2 cases (8%) for hMLH1. One or both hMSH2, hMLH1 protein expression was not observed in 7 cases (28%) in total. There was no correlation for proximal occurrence (25% vs 35%), young age (37.5% vs 23.5%) and lymph node metastasis (50% vs 47%). But poorly and mucinous differentiation was regarded as having relation with negative expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 (50% vs 17.6%) but not significant statistically. CONCLUSION: Sporadic colorectal cancer with negative expression of normal hMSH2 and hMLH1 protein showed no relation to younger age, proximal site preference and lymph node metastasis. But it was suggested that mismatch repair gene protein was involved in cancer cell differentiation in sporadic colorectal cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Spondylolisthesis*

Nowadays, to evaluate growth hormone(GH) deficiency-suspicious short stature, we usually use more than two kinds of provocative tests using various pharmacologic agents such as clonodine, L-dopa, insulin, etc. However, the importance of physiologic natural secretion of GH was recently approved. In the past, diagnosis of GH neurosecretory dysfunction was made by studying the 24-hour spantaneous GH secretion profile. But, because it is very clinically difficult, and so we measured and evaluated the mean GH concentrations of blood samples, obtained every 30 minutes during the first 3 hours' nocturnal sleep, instead of that. At the department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital from November, 1992 to February, 1994, we selected 34 GH deficiency-suspected children on the base of their growth data and bone age, etc. After GH stimulation with clonidine(100-150 ug/m2) and L-dopa(200-250 mg/m2), we measured their peak GH values by the immunoradiometric assay(IRMA) kit. And, we measured the mean GH concentrations of blood samples, obtained every 30 minutes during the first 3 hours noctumal sleep(22:OOPM-1:OOAM). RESULTS: 1. We analyzed the relationship between the mean of 3-hours' physiologic night-time surge of GH(X) and the phamacologically stimulated peak GH level(Y), except for the two neurosecretory dysfunction suspicious children. And so, for the 32 children, the relationship was Y=1.806X+ 3.177, r= 0.794, p<0.01. However, for all the tested children(34), the relationship is Y=1.709X+ 4.06, r=0.737, p<0.01. 2. We analyzed the relationship between the peak of 3-hours' physiologic night-time surge of GH(X) and the phamacologicaUy stimulated peak GH level(Y), except for the two neurosecretory dysfunction suspieious children. And so, for the 32 children, the relationship was Y=0.683X+ 3.686, r=737, p<0.01. CONCLUSION: For all the tested children(34), the relationship between the mean 3hr physiologic GH night time surge and stimulated peak GH value is Y=1.709X+4.06, r=0.737, p<0.01. The percentage of GH neurosecretory dysfunction is 5.8%(2/34). And, except for the two childrren, the relationship is more good, Y=1.806X+3.177, r=0,794, p<0.01. On the above relationship, the 3-hour GH night time-surge test might to give us some helpful information for the diagnosis of neurosecretory dysfunction.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Levodopa ; Pediatrics

The cystoscopic manipulation was performed in 82 cases of lower ureteral stones, 7 cases of mid ureteral stones and 4 cases of upper ureteral stones who visited the Department of Urology, during the period of 24 months from January 1st, 1984 to December 31st, 1985. Using Dormia stone basket in 73 cases and ureteral meatomy was performed in 20 cases and the results were as follows: 1. Dormia stone basket was used in 73 cases of ureteral stone. Immediate removal was successful in 24 cases, delayed removal in 37 cases (48 hours delay), so successful removal of stone was in 61 out of 73 cases. Failure in 12 cases, spontaneous delivery of stone was noted in cases 5 about 4-20 days after the application of Dormia stone basket did not pass through the portion of calculi and spontaneous delivery of stone was made in 14 cases after meatotomy. 2. Successful removal of stone was, mostly in proportion to the size of stone. 3. In 4 cases of upper ureteral stone, successful removal after indwelling of Dormia stone basket the position of stone for 48 hours. 4. Post management complications were fever in 12 cases, flank pain and low abdominal pain in 78 cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Calculi ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Ureter* ; Urology

No abstract available.
Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Mucormycosis*

PURPOSE: We performed this study to define the characteristic mammographic and ultrasonographic findings in lower risk lesions of fibrocystic change and also tried to evaluate the role of both modalities in planning the treatment of these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 38 cases of mammography and 46 cases of ultrasonography in biopsy proven 55 cases of fibrocystic change, histologically showing the nonproliferative pattern or proliferative pattern without atypia. We analyzed the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings, final assessments, and compared the effectiveness of each modality. RESULTS: On mammography, there were no abnormalities in 20 cases(53%), nodules or masses in 9 cases(24%), microcalcifications in 6 cases(16%) and asymmetric density in 5 cases(14%). On ultrasonography, there were 40 cases(87%) of focalsonographic abnormality and no abnormality in 6 cases(13%). Most focal sonographic abnormalities were smooth(40cases, 93%), well-defined(21 cases, 49%) or ill-defined(22 cases, 51%) round or oval(36 cases, 84%) shaped, homogeneous(31 cases, 67%), hypoechoic(30 cases, 65%) lesions. Final assessment revealed that only 7 cases(18%) of mammography and 8 cases(18%) of ultrasound examinations were included into the category of indeterminate and malignancy groups which were recomended biopsy. Mammography was excellent to demonstrate the microcalcifications and ultrasonography was effective in depiction of the focal lesions. CONCLUSION: The mammography and ultrasonography findings were not specific in diagnosing lower risk group of fibrocystic change. But complementary study of both modalities in conjunction with clinical findings will be helpful in making decinion amary biopsy, fine needle aspiration, and simple close follow up of the lesions.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Mammography ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

We have encountered many patients with dermatologic problems caused by animals, but there are not so many systematized literature about them in Korea. Since these causative animals are different from foreign animals in their distribution and habitat, there have been much difficulties in making diagnosis and in studying them based on foreign literature. We have undertaken this study to get the basic material for the possible causative animals in Korea by comparing with foreign literature, searching out the books of zoological claasification, and through personal contacts. One hundred and five species are found to be identical with the species reported in foreign literature, but 324 species are not, although they could be placed in the same genus.
Animals* ; Diagnosis ; Ecosystem ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the characteristic findings of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis on HRCT and to evaluate the usefulness of HRCT by compareson with chest radiographs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: High resolution CT, chest radiographs and medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 10 patients with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis. We analysed the size, distribution and margin of nodules, reticular or ground-glass density, parenchymal lesion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion on HRCT which were compared with chest radiographic findings. RESULTS: On HRCT, characteristic 1--2mm sized sharp or ill-defined nodular densities were randomly distributed throughout both lungs in all cases. In seven cases, the nodules were evenly scattered, but slightly more in upper lung zone in two cases, and in lower in one case. Only three cases revealed somewhat large and abundant nodules in posterior lung zone. There were findings of ill-defined margin of nodules in three cases, reticular densities in three cases and ground-glass opacity in two cases, all of which were observed within 4 weeks after onset of symptom. In one case, HRCT scan revealed a micronodular pattern in the lung parenchyma, even though chest radiographs of 2 days before were not obviously abnormal. HRCT was better to evaluate the margin of nodule and distribution than chest radiographs in four cases. Focal parenchymal lesion (n=5), pleural effusion(n=4), mediastinal lymphadenopathy(n=6) and ARDS(n=I) were also associated. CONCLUSION: HRCT could suggest a more specific diagnosis of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis with the above characteristic findings in appropriate clinical setting and normal or interstitial pattern of chest radiographs.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Medical Records ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

Retrocaval or postcaval ureter is a well-recognized venous congenital anomaly commonly causing ureteric obstruction. A 42 year-old male was admitted to Korea University Hospital because of right flank pain. The right AGP reveals the S-shaped coures of ureter and hydronephrosis. The ureteral and to end anastomosis was done with double J ureteral stent. Herein we present a case of retrocaval ureter with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Korea ; Male ; Retrocaval Ureter* ; Stents ; Ureter

Cerebral gigantism(Sotos syndrome) is a growth disorder that consists of large size at birth, rapid early growth rate with accompanying advanced bone age, acromegalic features, and developmental delay. Clumsiness in the absence of other abnormal neurologic findings is common. The cause is unknown. We report here a case of 238/12-year-old Sotos syndrome with final adult height above 97 percentile, abnormal brain MRI findings(large ventricles, prominent trigone, prominent occipital horn & thining of corpus callosum), clumsiness, and some behavioral problems.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Growth Disorders ; Horns ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Parturition ; Sotos Syndrome