PURPOSE: To document the radiologic characteristic findings of atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, we analyzed film mammographic, ultrasonographic, and MRI findings of our cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 23 cases of surgically proven ADH, excluding carcinoma in ipsilateral breast. Presence and pattern of neodensity, microcalcification, and architectural distortion were reviewed on mammography. Echo pattern and ductal parenchymal morphology were analyzed on ultrasonography, and enhancement speed and pattern analysis were performed on MRI. RESULTS: On film mammography, ADH showed tendency of neodensity(10 of 23 cases), m icrocalcification(11 of 23 cases), with less parenchymal distortion of surrounding structures(7 of 23 cases). On ultrasonography, ADH was demonstrated as inhomogenous to intermediate echoic nodule(16 of 20 cases) with ragged border(19 of 20 cases), however, its boundary was thin or nearly absent(16 of 20 cases), and showed smooth ductal echography(11 of 20 cases). Gd-DTPA contrast dynamic MR study showed relatively slow and less enhancement in 4 out of 5 cases, with progressive inclination of the speed curve of enhancement in later period of dynamic study. CONCLUSION: Multimodality image approach is needed for better evaluation of ADH, however, excisional biopsy is recommended for confirmative diagnosis and proper treatement.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hyperplasia* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Lung* ; Oxygen* ; Rabbits* ; Ventilation*

Ninety cases of meniscus injury were treated by arthroscopic meniscetomy between March, 1988 and March, 1992. Eighty four cases were treated by arthroscopic partial, 5 cases by subtotal, and 1 case by total meniscectomy. All cases were followed up for more than 1 year. The results were as follows. 1. The ratio of male to female was 57 to 31, and that of right to left was 52 to 38. 2. There were 41 cases of medial meniscus and 49 cases of lateral meniscus. Longitudinal tears were 35 cases (39%), oblique tears were 20 cases (22%), horizontal tears were 15 cases (17%), and radial tears were 9 cases (10%). There was no difference in the shape of tear between medial and lateral meniscus. 4. The most common associated injury was anterior cruciate ligament tear. 5. The Tapper and Hoover scale was used to record the clinical results, and satisfatory results (exellent and good)were in 86% of cases.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; Tears

The degenerative arthritis following total menisectomy has led to consideration of the need for meniscal transplantation, this study evaluates the morphologic and histologic changes fol lowing fresh meniscal autograft and allograft in therabbits. Transplantation of the medial meniscus was carried out in two groups of 32 rabbits(autograft group=16 rabbits, allograft group=16 rabbits). The morphological and histological changes of the transplanted auto-and allografted menisci and the articular cartilage of the medial femoral and tibial condyle were observed at 2,4,6,8,10,12,22,28 weeks postoperatively. There were no significant differences between auto and allograft groups in gross appearance. Histologically, the fibrous adhesion was noted between grafted meniscus and joint capsule 2 weeks after operation, but complete healing was seen at the suture sites without rejection phenomenon at 6 weeks in both groups. There were prominent inflammatory reactions such as lymphocytes and inflammatory cells infiltration during early postoperative stages(2,4 weeks) only in the allograft group, and more prominent fibrotic reactions in the allograft group than auto-graft group. The results of this study suggest that meniscal allografts are able to adapt to the host tissues, survive within the joint environment, and provide a functional replacement for the removed meniscus, but further studies for graft-host immune response and a method to take the maintenance and deposits of graft must be needed to perform the meniscal allograft in human.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Joint Capsule ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lymphocytes ; Menisci, Tibial ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Rabbits ; Sutures ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Female ; Meigs Syndrome*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the specific findings of infiltrating ductal carcinoma from the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to differentiate from the atypical ductal hyperplasia(ADH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty breast lesions in 48 patients including thirty-six breasts of 36 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fourteen breasts of 12 patients with DCIS, and nine breasts of 7 patients with ADH were examined with FLASH technique using Gd-DTPA. We evaluated the maximal amount, the speed, and the pattern of enhancement after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA(0.16mmol/kg body weight). Also we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy in the patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: The maximal amount of enhancement were 1,161.84 +/- 394.44 NU in infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 982.11 +/- 458.35 NU in DCIS, and 1,035.94 +/- 305.20 NU in ADH. The speed of enhancement was 827.33 +/- 384.20 NU within the first 1 minute with a sudden increase in signal intensity after injection and a much slighter in- crease thereafter in infiltrating ductal carcinoma. DCIS showed in creasing signal intensity within the first 2 minutes(749.70 +/- 487.36 NU), and ADH showed significant increased enhancement(765.40 +/- 313.61 NU) at 3 minutes after injection of Gd-DTPA. The patterns of enhancement were focal with irregular margins in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and irregular peripheral enhancement in DCIS and ADH. However, absent or extreme delayed enhancement at the central portion of the tumor was more frequently seen in infiltrating ductal carcinoma rather than DCIS or ADH. CONCLUSION: Gd-DTPA enhanced dynamic MRI was valuable in the diagnosis of breast cancer and in differentiating DCIS from ADH. Furthermore, it was effective in analyzing the extension of breast carcinoma, multiplicity, and bilaterality of breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PURPOSE: To evaluate the specific findings of infiltrating ductal carcinoma from the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to differentiate from the atypical ductal hyperplasia(ADH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty breast lesions in 48 patients including thirty-six breasts of 36 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fourteen breasts of 12 patients with DCIS, and nine breasts of 7 patients with ADH were examined with FLASH technique using Gd-DTPA. We evaluated the maximal amount, the speed, and the pattern of enhancement after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA(0.16mmol/kg body weight). Also we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy in the patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: The maximal amount of enhancement were 1,161.84 +/- 394.44 NU in infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 982.11 +/- 458.35 NU in DCIS, and 1,035.94 +/- 305.20 NU in ADH. The speed of enhancement was 827.33 +/- 384.20 NU within the first 1 minute with a sudden increase in signal intensity after injection and a much slighter in- crease thereafter in infiltrating ductal carcinoma. DCIS showed in creasing signal intensity within the first 2 minutes(749.70 +/- 487.36 NU), and ADH showed significant increased enhancement(765.40 +/- 313.61 NU) at 3 minutes after injection of Gd-DTPA. The patterns of enhancement were focal with irregular margins in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and irregular peripheral enhancement in DCIS and ADH. However, absent or extreme delayed enhancement at the central portion of the tumor was more frequently seen in infiltrating ductal carcinoma rather than DCIS or ADH. CONCLUSION: Gd-DTPA enhanced dynamic MRI was valuable in the diagnosis of breast cancer and in differentiating DCIS from ADH. Furthermore, it was effective in analyzing the extension of breast carcinoma, multiplicity, and bilaterality of breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Accessory breast is an ectopic breast tissue from developemental remnants. It sometimes begins to make symptoms, pain and swelling, during premenstrual period or pregnancy. For it has been known as a rere condition, it has occasionally misdiagnosed as a abnormal mass, such as lymphadenitis or hidradenitis. We have analyzed 52 accessory breast tissues prospectively, to document the characteristic findings of accessory breast. In summary, the characteristic sonographic findings of accessory breast were the presence of breast tissue superficial to the axillary fascia or underlying fascia if not in axilla, resembling the patient's own breast pattern, the presence of converging appearance of dilated ducts, presence of nipple and/or areola, the obliteration of inner wall of dermis, the obliteration of sucutaneous fat layer, and the downward displacement of axillary fascia or underlying fascia if not in axilla wighout interruption.
Axilla ; Breast* ; Dermis ; Fascia ; Hidradenitis ; Lymphadenitis ; Nipples ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Echocardiography*

In the case of a soft tissue defect which requires thin & pliable tissues, the choice of donor site is limited due to flap bulkiness and donor site morbidity. To overcome these problems, a variety of perforator-based flaps such as paraspinous and parasacral perforator flap, deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, gluteal perforator flap, and thoracodorsal artery perforator flap have recently been introduced. We experienced 8 cases of soft tissue defects from December 1996 to March 1999 using the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap for reconstruction. We could elevate the cutaneous flap with preservation of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap only when it was based on one cutaneous perforator. Defatting procedure was possible for further thinning of skin flap. In one case, axillary defect after release of postburn scar contracture was repaired with island perforator flap and the other seven cases were repaired with free flap. The results were satisfactory. We believe the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap is useful for reconstruction of soft tissue defects which are large or under conditions requiring thin flap.
Arteries* ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; Skin* ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Tissue Donors