Enchondroma is a benign tumor mainly developed in the hand and uncommon in the foot. Even if it is in the foot, most are in the phalanges and distal metatarsals of the foot. Enchondroma in the calcaneus is very rare. A 44-year-old male suffered from left heel pain for several months, authors treated it with curettage and bone graft, it was histologically confirmed as an enchondroma in the calcaneus. The authors presented a rare case presentation of an enchondroma in the calcaneus with pain.
Adult ; Calcaneus ; Chondroma ; Curettage ; Foot ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To determin whether radiographic assessment of patella position abnormalities (such as patella altaor baja) using the 'patellar tendon : patella ratio' (Insall & Salvati's method) can be applied to flexion andextension sagittal MR images of the knee MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both flexion (55-90 degrees, mean 62 degrees) and extensionT2-weighted sagittal images of 58 knees (54 patients;age:19-72 years:M:F=40:18 were obtained and reviewed by meansof routine lateral radiographs (flexion of knees:30-60 degrees). Patellar tendon and diagonal length were measured onroutine radiographs and on flexion and extension MR images;length was measured by sagittal T2-weighted MR imagingfrom the inner aspect of patellar insertion to the inner asspect of tibial insertion, an approach whichdemonstrated the even thickness of the patellar tendon and the greastest diameter of the patella. Usingcorrelation analysis, the ratio of patellar tendon to diagonal length was compared between examination methods andbetween the non-wavy and wavy forms of patellar tendon. RESULTS: The mean length of the respectirely, 'patella,patellar tendon and patellar tendon to patella ratio' were 4.15+/-0.38, 4.04+/-0.49 and 0.9+/-0.12, respectively, onroutine radiographs; 4.32+/-0.36, 3.8+/-0.47 and 0.89+/- 0.12, respectively, on flexion MR images;and 4.3+/-0.36,3.93+/-0.44 and 0.92+/-0.12, respectively on extension MR images. Between these three different modes of assessment,a high degree of correlation of mean patella length (r=0.89-0.92) and of mean patellar tendon length (r=0.71=0.85)were found. In addition, correlation of 'patella to patellar tendon ratios' was excellent : radiographs andflexion MRimages(r=0.76);radiographs and extension MR images(r=0.76);flexion and extension MR images(r=0.84).According to the form of patellar tendon, radiographs correlated better with extension MR images (r-0.71) thanwith flexion images (r=0.62) in the non-wavy form of patellar tendon, whereas in the wavy form, correlation withflexion images (r=0.83) was better than with extension images(r=0.78). CONCLUSION: MR asessment of 'patellartendon to patella ratio's correlated well with radiographic assessment, and the latter can therefore be used forthe evaluation of abnormal patellar position. Radiographs correlated better with extension MR images in thenon-wavy form of patellar tendon, whereas in the wavy form, correlation with flexion images was better.
Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Patella* ; Patellar Ligament* ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to assess the range of shoulder motion using an indirect evaluation method without physical examinations of patients based on questionnaires regarding several specific arm postures referenced by patient's own body parts. METHODS: Nine criteria of specific shoulder motion including 4 forward flexion, 2 external rotation, and 3 internal rotation were decided as reference position which can represent a certain shoulder motion. Flexion contains postures such as lifting arm to waist-height, shoulder-height, eye-height, and raising arm above head with arm touching ears. External rotation comprises grasping ears and placing hands on back of the head. Vertebral height in internal rotation is determined by calculating the samples' motions, which are holding on to trouser belts, opposite-elbow, and scapula. These postures are included in questionnaires for patients to evaluate the validity and effectiveness of this indirect method. RESULTS: The range of flexion was 77degrees (60degrees to 100degrees), 96degrees (87degrees to 115degrees), 135degrees (115degrees to 150degrees), and 167degrees (150degrees to 175degrees) when arms go up to waist, shoulder, eye, and high vertically. Range of external rotation was 39.6degrees (30degrees to 50degrees) when grasping ears and 69.2degrees (60degrees to 80degrees) with the hands on the back of the head. Range of internal rotation was L4 when placing trouser belts, T12 for holding opposite elbow, and T9 for reaching scapula. The mismatch rates of flexion, external rotation, and internal rotation were 11.6%, 9.6%, and 7.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The range of shoulder motion using this method is expected to be applied to an established shoulder scoring system which included shoulder motion evaluation item.
Arm ; Ear ; Elbow ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Head ; Human Body* ; Humans ; Lifting ; Physical Examination ; Posture ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Scapula ; Self-Assessment ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder* ; Telephone ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: The purpose is to determine the efficacy of additional intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) by comparing the analgesic effects between interscalene block (ISB) combined with IV-PCA and single ISB after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. METHODS: A total of 213 patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery were divided into two groups based on the type of perioperative anesthesia. The single ISB group included 100 patients, while the IV-PCA group included 113 patients. The visual analogue scale for pain (VAS pain) scores were assessed at 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively in accordance with shoulder pathology. Postoperative narcotics-related complications and consumption of additional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: VAS pain showed no significant difference between the two groups at most points of the postoperative timeline, regardless of shoulder pathology, except in patients with rotator cuff repair at postoperative 24 hours. Although the IV-PCA group showed a statistically lower VAS pain score than the ISB group at postoperative 24 hours (p=0.04), the difference in the VAS pain score was only 9.0 mm in patients with rotator cuff repair. Narcotics-related complications were observed more frequently in the IV-PCA group than in the ISB group for patients with rotator cuff repair. CONCLUSIONS: Additional IV-PCA demonstrated no booster effect for immediate pain control in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery with preoperative single ISB. Furthermore, patients with IV-PCA experienced greater narcotics-related complications.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Anesthesia ; Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Pathology ; Prospective Studies* ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder*

PURPOSE: To determine the value of Gd-DTPA enhanced fat-suppression(GEFS) MR imaging in the characterization and differentiation of benign from malignant ovarian tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI findings of thirty-seven patients with surgically proved 44 ovarian tumors (30 benign, 14 malignant) were studied retrospectively. MR imaging with conventional spin echo (CSE;Tl-weighted image TR/TE 450/20, T2-weighted image TR/TE 3500/30, 90) and GEFS were performed with a 1.5T GE signa. MRI findings of tumors including cystic or solid, wall and septal thickness, necrosis, invasion to adjacent organ, ascites and lymphadenopathy were assessed separately by using CSE and GEFS images, and then tumors were characterized as benign or malignant. RESULTS: Compared with CSE image, GEFS MR image showed better visualization of solid component in 5 malignant lesions, wall thickness in 5 malignant and 1 benign lesions, septal thickness in 3 malignant and 1 benign lesions, necrosis in 1 malignant lesion, and adjacent soft tissue invasion in 5 malignant lesions. Correct characterization of malignant tumors was increased from 71% on CSE image to 93% on GEFS image. However, correct characterization of benign tumors was 93% on both images. CONCLUSION: GEFS MR imaging could be useful for characterization of ovarian tumors, especially in malignant cases, and employed for differentiation of benign from malignant tumors.
Ascites ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis ; Retrospective Studies

Thin basement membrane nephropathy(TBMN) is defined histologically as follows: 1) By light rnicroscopy only minor abnormalities are detected in the glomeruli at most minor mesangial widening. 2) By electron microscopy, diffuse thinning of glomerular basement rnembrane is demonstrated. 3) By immunofluorescence, absence of immunoglobulins and complement components is demonstrated. 4) Alport's syndrome and systemic diseases that may affect the glomerular structure have been excluded. TBMN presented frequently with recurrent or persistent microscopic hematuria. Massive proteinuria such as in nephrotic syndrome rarely occurs in TBMN. We reported two cases of TBMN presented with typical minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
Basement Membrane* ; Complement System Proteins ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hematuria ; Immunoglobulins ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Proteinuria

Fracture of the carpal scaphoid bone is the most common fracture of the carpus. Unfortunately, nonunion are common since the symptoms do not alert patents to seek early medical treatment and the diagnosis is easily missed. Fracture of the scaphoid is a common condition whose management remains controversial. The conservative treatment has many complications, these include inability to word while in plaster, stiffness of the wrist afterwards, muscle wasting, weakness and malunion. So various operative treatments of scaphoid fracture have been developed. Open reduction by use of screws suggested by Maclaughlin first in 1954. In 1984 a new and simple operative technique has been developed to provide rigid internal fixation for all types of fractures of the scaphoid by T.J. Herbert. This involves the use of a double-treaded bone screw which provides good fixation that, after operation, a plaster cast in rarely required and most patients are able to return to work within a few weeks. Authors have experienced 10 cases of scaphoid fracture and accomplished good result in all cases by internal fixation using Herbert screw. The results are as follows Of these 10 fractures, 2 were fresh fractures and 8 were nonunions of scaphoid fracture. In nonunion cases, the time interval between fracture and operation was from 5 months to 5 years. The postoperative immobilization period was average of 4 weeks. Short period of immobilization achieved early functional recovery of the wrist. The bony unions in roentgenogram were seen from 3 months to 9 months after operation. In 2 cases the fracture gap was seen after 9 months. But in these cases the symptoms such as pain and range of motion of wrist were improved.
Bone Screws ; Casts, Surgical ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Return to Work ; Scaphoid Bone ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Biopsy*

No abstract available.
Myocutaneous Flap* ; Pressure Ulcer*