No abstract available.
Dermoid Cyst*

No abstract available.
Angiomyoma*

PURPOSE: The growth hormone receptor(GHR) is essential for the actions of growth hormone on postnatal growth and metabolism. GHR transcripts are characterized by the presence of disparate 5'untranslated exons. In contrast to L1 transcript, factors regulating the expression of the GC rich L2 transcript have remained unidentified. The purpose of this study is in order to characterize the mechanisms regulating expression of the L2 transcript in the murine GHR gene METHODS: Transient transfection experiments including deletional analysis and co-transfection assay were performed to find a region containing promoter activity in the L2 5'flanking sequence using BNCL2(mouse liver) cells, CV-1(African green monkey kidney) cells, HRP.1 trophoblasts and Drosophila Schneider(SL2) cells. Sequencing analysis was performed to find the region contained consensus binding sites for transcription factors. Standard gel shift(Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA) and supershift analysis using liver nuclear extracts was performed to establish proteins(transcription factors) bound this regulatory element. RESULTS: The 5'flanking region of the L2 untranslated region(UTR) exhibited promoter activity in BNCL2(mouse liver), CV-1(monkey kidney) cells and HRP.1 trophoblasts. Deletional analyses indicated the presence of a Sp binding site important for transcription of the L2 UTR and localized the major regulatory region within 75 bp of the 5'transcription start site. Sequencing analyses revealed the region contained consensus binding sites for the Sp family of transcription factors. EMSA and supershift EMSA revealed that in mouse liver nuclear extracts that Spl and Sp3 bound to this cis-element. Functional studies in Drosophila SL2 cells and BNCL2(mouse liver) cells established the ability of Sp3 and Sp1 to stimulate transcriptional activity via this cis-element. Functional studies in Drosophila SL2 cells demonstrated a functional interaction between Sp3 and Sp1 at this DNA-binding site. CONCLUSION: Sp family transcription factors play a role in regulation of L2 transcript gene expression in the 5'flanking region of the murine GHR gene.
Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Consensus ; Drosophila ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Exons ; Gene Expression ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Liver ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Receptors, Somatotropin* ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors* ; Transfection ; Trophoblasts

No abstract available.
Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify the adequacy of enteral feeding, and the reason and prevalence of under-nutrition, and to determine the relationships between caloric intake and resulting nutritional parameters among neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS: The participants for this descriptive study were 47 neurosurgical ICU patients who had enteral feeding initiated after ICU admission. Data were collected from the initial day of enteral feeding for 7 days. Data related to enteral feeding, feeding interruptions or delay, prealbumin, and transferrin were collected. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 56.62 years. Twenty-six patients did not receive their feeding formula more than once during 7 days, and 11 had interruptions more than 6 times. The mean number of feeding interruptions was 3.23 (SD= 4.47). On the average, only 76.44% of the estimated energy requirement was provided by enteral feeding to the patients. The frequency of underfeeding was 52.17% with respect to enteral feeding. The most frequent reason for the feeding interruption was observation before and after intubation and extubation, which was unavoidable. The next most common reason was gastrointestinal bleeding, mostly due to old clots or trace, followed by residual volume less than 100 mL. Changes in prealbumin and transferrin levels for 7 days between the underfed and adequately fed groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The management of enteral feeding by nurses was overprotective because of the unpredictable nature of ICU patients in terms of their underlying disease process. The management of feeding intolerance needs to be evidence-based and nurses must consistently follow the protocol that has been supported as a useful measure.
Energy Intake ; Enteral Nutrition ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation ; Malnutrition ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Nutritional Support ; Prealbumin ; Prevalence ; Residual Volume ; Transferrin

To describe and evaluate the morphologic changes and the different expression of cell-specific or correlating protein molecules during cell growth, immunocytochemistry and morphologic observations were done on retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells obtained from several culture conditions. These include culture time, spatial or cell density, transdifferentiation, and presence of growth factors. The human fetal and porcine RPE cells were cultured with and without individual growth factor or in combinations inchlding extracellular matrix (ECM), Insulin, basic fibroblatio growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Mouse monoclonal anti-human, or anti-mouse antibodieg with or without species cross reactlvity against the intermediate filament proteins (cytokeratin, vimentin, GFAP) were used. To determine RPE-specific molecules of cytokeratin, nine commercially available antibodies, representing subclones of Moll's catalog number 1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19 were applied. The morphological changes and the proliferation of cells started after their attachment on the culture plate as soon as they lost pigment granules. The epithelial cells like fibroblasts occurred in the area where the cellular density was low, and finally, their shape was restored to their original phenotype when the cellular connuency was achieved. The degree of proliferation and the duration of achieving confluency of cells were dependent on whether ECM and growth factors were added in media or not. Cells with the epithelial morphology were positively stained with anticytokeratine antibodies, especially with clone 19, 18, 17, 8 and 7 in human RPE cells; with 19, CAM 5.26 (8/18) in porcine cells. The fusiform or digitating cells of sparse density also expressed vimentin strongly through out all stages, whereas GFAP was not expressed at any stage in either species.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Cell Count ; Clone Cells ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Epithelial Cells* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; Keratins* ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vimentin*

To describe and evaluate the morphologic changes and the different expression of cell-specific or correlating protein molecules during cell growth, immunocytochemistry and morphologic observations were done on retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells obtained from several culture conditions. These include culture time, spatial or cell density, transdifferentiation, and presence of growth factors. The human fetal and porcine RPE cells were cultured with and without individual growth factor or in combinations inchlding extracellular matrix (ECM), Insulin, basic fibroblatio growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Mouse monoclonal anti-human, or anti-mouse antibodieg with or without species cross reactlvity against the intermediate filament proteins (cytokeratin, vimentin, GFAP) were used. To determine RPE-specific molecules of cytokeratin, nine commercially available antibodies, representing subclones of Moll's catalog number 1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19 were applied. The morphological changes and the proliferation of cells started after their attachment on the culture plate as soon as they lost pigment granules. The epithelial cells like fibroblasts occurred in the area where the cellular density was low, and finally, their shape was restored to their original phenotype when the cellular connuency was achieved. The degree of proliferation and the duration of achieving confluency of cells were dependent on whether ECM and growth factors were added in media or not. Cells with the epithelial morphology were positively stained with anticytokeratine antibodies, especially with clone 19, 18, 17, 8 and 7 in human RPE cells; with 19, CAM 5.26 (8/18) in porcine cells. The fusiform or digitating cells of sparse density also expressed vimentin strongly through out all stages, whereas GFAP was not expressed at any stage in either species.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Cell Count ; Clone Cells ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Epithelial Cells* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; Keratins* ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vimentin*

No abstract available.
Hamartoma*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between disease progression and expression of c-erbB-2 and S-100 protein positive dendritic cells in Cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Tissues were analyzed from 100 patients. Each of them had invasive carcinoma(44), microinvasive(12), CIS(33), CIN(II) before treatment, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. (Avidin-biotin complex method) RESULTS: C-erbB-2 immunostaining was significantly associated with disease progression (p<0.05). In case of CIN I, there was not noted stained specimen but in case of invasive carcinoma, 24 cases of stained specimen were noted. S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.(p>0.05) CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, c-erbB-2 is possible factor in Carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma with progression of it. and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; S100 Proteins* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: In this retrospective study, we attempted to evaluate the treatment outcome and the prognostic factors of thymoma treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1979 and 1998, 55 patients with thymoma were treated at the Seoul National University Hospital. Of these, 11 patients underwent surgery only, 33 patients received postoperative radiotherapy and 11 patients received radiotherapy only. Twenty-three patients had gross total resection and 21 patients subtotal resection. For postoperative radiotherapy, the radiation dose consisted of 41.4-55.8 Gy. The average follow-up was 64 months, and ranged from 2 to 160 months. The sex ratio was 1:1 and the median age was 48 years (15-74 years). Overall survival and disease-free survival were determined via the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank was employed to evaluate for differences in prognostic factor. RESULTS: The five- and 10-year survival rates were 87% and 65% respectively, and the median survival was 103 months. By univariate analysis, only stage ( p=0.0017) turned out to be significant prognostic factors of overall survival. Also, stage ( p=0.0007) was significantly predictive for overall survival in mutivariated analysis. CONCLUSION: This study showed the stage was found to be important prognostic factors, which influenced survival. Especially, as incomplete resection is related with poor results, complete resection is important to cure the invasive thymoma.
Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Survival Rate ; Thymoma* ; Treatment Outcome*