In fusion of lumbar spine, every fused motion segments shows varisble limitation of motion in flexion, extension and lateral bending according to their types and level of fusion. The motion segment of lumbar spine is three joint complex which consists of posterior two articular facet joints and an anterior intervertebral disc. Nowadays, orthopedic surgeon prefer anterior fusion due to direct identification and removal of diseased tissue, reduction of fractured fragments, restoration of intrevertebral space, early rehabilitation and no damage of nerve root and cord, and is prefered short Segmental Spinal Instrumentation(e.g. Cotrel Dubousset Instrumentation, etc.) due to short and rigid fusion, no necessity of external support and low limitation of motion. We studied 58 cases of fused lumbar spine which had been operated since Sep.1983, by X-ray overlay method and 20 cases of healthy lumbar spine as eontrol group. In this study, we obtained following results ; 1. Harrington Rod Instrumentation reveals the most remarkable limitation of motion, whereas, C.D.I. and A.I.F. reveal the least limitation of motion. 2. Distinct differencies of motion are repersented by its range of fusion and range of motion in 2 segmental fusion reveals remarkable decreasement from range of motion in single segmental fusion. 3. In single segmental fusion, the most limitation of motion was represented in Harrington Rod Instrumentation and posterior fusion with bone graft. There is remarkable decreasement of flexion at lumbosacral junction by its site of fusion. 4.In double segmental fusion, the most limitation of motion was represented in Harrington Rod Instrumentation and there is no significant difference of motion by its site of fusion.
Intervertebral Disc ; Joints ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Spine ; Transplants ; Zygapophyseal Joint

Medical records of 570 patients underwent transurethral prostatectomy from 1985 to 1991 were reviewed to analyze the factors affected morbidity after transurethral prostatectomy retrospectively. Transurethral prostatectomy constituted 16.9% of the urologic operation during above periods and there were benign disease in 513 patients(90%), and carcinoma in 57 patients(10%). Age of the patients ranged from 48 to 93 years old with a mean age of 68.3. Of the patients, 298 patients (52.3%) had significant pre-existing medical problems. The resected net tissue weight ranged from 3 to 73 grams, with a mean of 11.8 grams. The mean operation time was 53 minutes with a range from 25 minutes to 126 minutes. The mortality was 0.36% and the operative morbidity was 20.3%. Increased morbidity was found in patients with a resection time of more than 90 minutes, used glycine of more than 20,000ml and resected weight of more than 31 grams (P<0.05) But age greater than 80 years, azotemia, urinary tract infection, serum Na+ change and pre-existing disease did not increased the operative morbidity. Voiding symptom was improved in 551 patients(96.7%) but in 19 patients(3.3%). persistent voiding difficulty was found. postoperatively at three months The causes of voiding difficulty were as follows ; 10 incontinence patients, 8 detrusor areflexia patients and 1 urethral stricture patient. In conclusion, transurethral prostatectomy is one of the most common operations today with a very low mortality and the overall postoperative results are excellent. Further studies, such as a randomized trial, will be necessary to evaluate the long-term outcome of transurethral prostatectomy further.
Azotemia ; Glycine ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Preexisting Condition Coverage ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Tract Infections

Flow cytometric nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy analysis was done successfully on 35 specimens of stage T1 bladder carcinoma treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) between June 1986 and June 1993. The histologic tumor grading was done by the same pathologist. Of the specimens 16(46%) were DNA diploidy, 14(40%) were aneuploidy and 5(14%) were tetraploidy. In the relationship between tumor grade and ploidy, diploidy was seen in all (100%) of 5 patients with grade 1, in 13(48%) of 27 patients with grade 2. On the other hand, non-diploidy in 14(52%) of 27 patients with grade 2, and in all(100%) of 5 patients with grade 3. Mean followup period was 29 months(12-97 months). None of the patients died of tumor during the followup period. None(0%) of 16 patients with diploidy had tumor recurrence, in contrast 8(42%) of 19 patients with non-diploidy tumors recurred(p<0.05). None of the 16 patients with diploidy had progression. but 5(36%) in 14 patients with aneuploidy (5 patients(26%) in 19 patients with non-diploidy) progressed to an advanced stage(p<0.05). The DNA ploidy analysis appears to significantly contribute in the elucidation of possible future recurrence and progression in patients with stage T1 bladder carcinoma.
Aneuploidy ; Bacillus ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Neoplasm Grading ; Ploidies ; Recurrence ; Tetraploidy ; Urinary Bladder*

In Korea, Kerion celsi caused by T. verrucosum was first reported by Kim et al in the Honam province in 1986. Since then three mare cases have been reported in the Young Nam province. Herein present a case of kerion celsi caused by T. verrucosum from Chungcheong province. The patient, a 7-year old female, showed a 4x 4cm sized, oval, yellow crusted and boggy patch with alopecia on the scalp. She was living on a farm in a rural area of Chungcheong province. Cows on the farm also exhibited similar skin lesions on the buttock. The same T. verrucosum was identified by a characteristic colony morphology on Sabourauds dextrose agar and chains of chlamydoconidia with mycologic stain from scales of lesions of patient and cows. This skin lesion was successfully treated with griseofulvin.
Agar ; Alopecia ; Buttocks ; Child ; Female ; Glucose ; Griseofulvin ; Humans ; Korea ; Scalp ; Skin ; Tinea Capitis* ; Weights and Measures

The surgical intervention for secondary developmental cervical spinal stenosis that results in myelopathy and radiculopathy has been modified by technical improvement to obtain more reliable enlargement of the cervical spinal canal. The authours have experienced good results with the modified open door expansive laminoplasty, so we report this article. The patients were treated by surgical intervention during the period from October 1989 to February 1991. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The average age was 54.7 years, and the sex distribution ratio of female to male was 2 : 8. 2) In clinical symptoms and symptoms of both myelopathy and radiculopathy. 3) In morphological analysis of lesions, all patients except one case had lesions over 3 levels, The lesions were spondylosis, spondylosis combined with soft disc herniation, spondylosis combined with OPLL, spondylosis combined with OPLL and soft disc herniation, OPLL and OYL in the order of frequency. 4) The operation method was as follows : after the patient was positioned in modified Concorde position, open door lamina was anchored to faced joint capsule and surrounding tissue with nylon sutures. And then the raw epidural space was covered with Lyodura by the modified Hirabayashi method. By this method, reclosure of widened spinal canal was prevented. 5) The outcomes were evaluated by JOA score difference between preoperation and post operation times. The outcome of recovery rate was 100% in five cases. Therewere no aggravated or unimproved cases. The results were excellent 8 cases, good 1 case, unchanged 0 case, poor 0 case and expired 1 case.
Epidural Space ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Capsule ; Male ; Nylons ; Radiculopathy ; Sex Distribution ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Spondylosis ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Shoulder Fractures*

Dislocation of the clavicle at its sternal end is relatively rare, as compared with acromioclavicular dislocation. Among them, the posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint was extremely rare. So, not more than fifty cases had been reported in the literature. Of these three main typesanterior, superior, and posterior-the anterior one is by far the most common. Most authors have stressed the difficulty in confirming the diagnosis with routine radiographs. We experienced a case of traumatic posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint treated successfully by manipulative reduction. So, we report it with review of literature.
Clavicle ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Sternoclavicular Joint

The most common fracture about the elbow joint in chilren is a supracondylar fracture. The displaced fracture is difficult to manage due to the potential danger of Volkmann's ischemia, nerve injury, and malunion, During the period of 6 years from June, 1979 to June, 1985, 63 children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus were treated at Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje Medical College, and analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average age was 7.1 years, ranged from 1 year to 14 years, and the male and female ratio was 2.5: l. 2. In type of fracture, extension type was 92% and flexion type was 8%. In displacement of fracture, Grade I was only 2 cases, Grade III and IV were 87.3%. Posteromedial displacement was 42.8% (27 cases). 3. At the time of admission, 15cases(23.8%) accompanied nerve injury, of these median nerve injury (9 cases) was most common. All the patient with nerve injury were completely recovered within 14 months after reduction. 4. Severe cubitus varus was 14.2%, and severe limitation of elbow motion was 1.6%. 5. Of 61 displaced fractures, 37 patients were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. By Flynn's criteria, satisfactory results were obtained in 36 of the 37 patients(97.3%) treated with percutaneous pinning. 6. In the displaced fractures, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is a satisfactory method for obtaining and maintaining reduction while preserving vascular function, if acute flexion is necessary for stable reduction.
Busan ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Humerus ; Ischemia ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Methods

The advent of the global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitates a thorough study of the stability and transmissibility in the environment. We characterized the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in three water matrices: fresh, tap, and seawater. The minimum infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells was confirmed to be 10 3 PFU/mL. The stability of SARS-CoV-2 varied according to the water matrix: infective SARSCoV-2 was undetectable after treatment with fresh water and seawater, but remained detectable for 2 days in tap water, when starting with an initial concentration of 10 4 PFU/mL. When the starting concentration was increased to 10 5 PFU/mL, a similar trend was observed. In addition, viral RNA persisted longer than infectious virus in all water matrices. This study was conducted in stagnant water containing a significantly high titer of virus, thus, human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the actual aquatic environment is expected to be rare.

Penile metastases are rare, and usually secondary to other genitourinary primary tumors. Bladder, prostate and renal tumors are the main sources of penile metastasis. Rectal and respiratory neoplasms also metastasize to the penis. However, metastatic penile cancer originating from the pancreas is extremely rare. Here, a case of pancreatic cancer, with penile metastasis, is reported.
Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Penile Neoplasms* ; Penis ; Prostate ; Urinary Bladder