In order to investigate whether the lowering of the intraocular pressure by the compression of the eyebaIl is accompanied by the decrease of water content of the vitreous, rabbit's left eyes were compressed with digital pressure of approximately 2 kg while the right eyes were left undisturbed. The vitreous body and lens were taken immediately after the animals were sacrificed by air injection and their water contents were calculated by weighing. The water contents of the vitreous and lens showed no significant changes in spite of profound faIl of intraocular pressure. It was concluded that the 5 minutes pressure on the eyeball was ineffective to reduce the vitreous volume.
Animals ; Intraocular Pressure ; Vitreous Body ; Water*

In order to clarify the mechanisms of the ocular hypotensive action of the osmotic agents, rabbits were given glycerol (3cc per kg of body weight, given orally), mannitol (10 cc of 20% solution per kg of body weight, given intravenously) and acetazolamide (75mg per kg of body weight, given orally). Before and after administrations of these agents, intraocular pressure, blood osmolality and water contents of vitreous and lens were examined. All experiments were carried out in paired samples, the right eye as a control and the left eye as a treated eye. The fall of intraocular pressure and the rise of blood osmolality following administrations of glycerol and mannitol showed a significant correlation, but not after acetazolamide. The mean water content of vitreous following administrations of glycerol and mannitol showed a significant decrease. The water content of the vitreous decreased after administrations of glycerol and mannitol, but no change was found after administration of acetazolamide. The fluorometric studies were performed on the same animals after administrations of glycerol, mannitol and acetazolamide. The fluorometric values showed a definite rise with glycerol, slight rise with mannitol and profound fall with acetazolamide. It is clear that the decrease of vitreous volume, due to dehydration, plays an important role in the lowering of the intraocular pressure.
Acetazolamide ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Dehydration ; Glycerol ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mannitol ; Osmolar Concentration ; Rabbits ; Water

Zonulolytic effects of alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin were examined on rabbits' eyes using an apparatus which enables one to press the enucleated eyeballs. The time interval between the applications of enzymes and the protrusion of the lens was measured. The results showed that the trypsin was 4 to 5 times more effective than alpha-chymotrypsin.
Trypsin*

Tissue temperatures were measured by a thermistor-thermometer, at suprachoroid, inner retinal surface and intravitreous portion (1mm deep), during diathermy applications on the scleral surfaces of rabbit eyes. Castroviejo's Electro-surgical Ophthalmic unit Model S-5 was used and power intensity(current) was fixed to 2, and diathermy was applied on the sclera 3mm, 2mm, and 1mm from and above the measuring points. Measurements were performed in the following groups: Group 1: Spark gap power 2. duration of application 2 sec. Group 2: Spark gap power 2. duration of application 3 sec. Group 3: Spark gap power 3. duration of application 2 sec. Group 4: Spark gap power 3. duration of application 3 sec. Maximum rise of temperature was 20.0 degrees C at suprachoroid, 16.8 degrees C at inner retinal surface and 6.6 degrees C at vitreous in Group 4. Temperature rise in vitreous was much lower than that in suprachoroid and inner retinal surface (table II, which revealed percentage of average rise per tissue temperature before diathermy). Highest measuring temperature at inner retinal surface in this experiment was under 60 degrees C, at which vitreous collagen fibrils may coagulate.
Collagen ; Diathermy* ; Retinaldehyde ; Sclera

No abstract available.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Linoleic Acid* ; Mice* ; Sarcoma 180* ; Sarcoma*

Neonatal and obstetrical problems related to the low birth weight infants were evaluated by a retrospective review of the medical records of the 186 low birth weight infants born at Yeungnam University Hospital during 3 years and 8 months from May 1, 1983 to February 28, 1987. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of the low birth weight infants was 4.98% among 3,803 live births. 2. Male to female ratio was 1.02:1. 3. The incidence of the low birth weight infants was lowest in mothers of 25 to 29 years, increased in mothers of 19 years of less and 30 to 39 years significantly. 4. There was no difference in the incidence of low birth weight infants between primiparous and multiparous mothers. 5. Common obstetrical complications associated with low weight infants were multiple pregnancy, toxemia and premature rupture of membrane in order of frequency. 6. Common neonatal problems in low birth weight infants were jaundice, idiopathic respiratory, distress syndrome, asphyxia and metabolic derangement such as hypocalcemia and hypoglycemia in order of frequency.
Asphyxia ; Clinical Study* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Live Birth ; Male ; Medical Records ; Membranes ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Toxemia

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; Plants, Medicinal* ; Sarcoma 180* ; Sarcoma*

We have experienced a 50-year-old male patient, who died of multiple metastatic nodular melanoma which had the primary lesions on the right hallux and forefoot with eventual involvement of skin and internal organs. An autopsy was performed for the evidence of metastatic features of the internal organs and their spreading routes, with concurrent histopathologic findings. The autopsy findings revealed diffuse metastases to the ipsilateral femoral and inguinal lymph nodes via ascending vascular channels and to the internal organs: 1. The heart had multiple metastatic lesions on the pericardium and right ventricular wall. And the mediastinal, periaortic and periesophageal lymph nodes were also involved. 2. The both lungs were moderately indurated and focally discolored, and showed metastatic lesions in the right lower lobe and hilar areas, Melanoma cells were diffusely invaded to the interstitia and alveoli. 3. The right 5th and 6th ribs showed the invsion of melanoma cells on their bone marrows, periostia, and Haversians canals. 4. The liver was enlarged and showed multiple various sized nodules on the surface with adesion to the parts of peritoneum, omentum and diaphragm. Melanoma cells were seen mostly on and around the sinusoidal spaces and parenchyma. 5. The stomach wall had an ulcerated metastatic lesion and the melanoma cells invaded deeply into the muscle layer. 6. The pancreas was normal in its size and shape but had multiple metastatic lesions on the head and body with melanoma celi infiltration. 7. The both kidneys were grar ular surfaced and showed two metastatic lesions on the right renal cortex and two on the left. Renal tubules and parenchyma were widely invaded by melanoma cells but the glomerular tufts were intact. 8. The adreral and thyroid glands showed four and two metastatic lesions respectively and diffuse invasion of melanoma cells into the parenchyma. 9. The brain was normal in gross appearance, but the cortex was edematous and showed settered melanoma cell infiltration.
Autopsy* ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Diaphragm ; Hallux ; Head ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Melanoma* ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Omentum ; Pancreas ; Pericardium ; Peritoneum ; Ribs ; Skin ; Stomach ; Thyroid Gland ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Animals ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Linoleic Acid* ; Mice*