Zielke introduced new anterior instrumentation by modifying Dwyer system and called it the ventral derotation spondylodesis(VDS) system in 1976. This system is a powerful device and when the excised disc spaces are compressed with it, stable fixation can be obtained. But proper patient selection, meticulous operative technique and good post-operative care are essential to minimize serious complications. No results of this technique had been published in English-language literature until Moe reported the results of 66 cases of Zielke instrumentation in 1983. Zielke instrumentation was carried out in 12 cases of scoliosis;8 in idiopathic scoliosis and 4 in congenital scoliosis, at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, for 16 months from November 1984 to March 1986. Seven cases had been followed for more then 9 months and'following results were obtained. 1. Numbers of vertebrae involved in major curve and numbers of fused vertebrae were 6·3 respectively. 2. Average preoperative curve was 72.7 degrees and immediate postoperative curve was 17.6 degrees with 75.8% correction. There was only 1.0 degree loss of correction with an average follow-up of 14 months (9-16 months). 3. Zielke instrumentation has the advantage of shorter fusion and better correction in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis.
Follow-Up Studies ; Orthopedics ; Patient Selection ; Scoliosis ; Seoul ; Spine

No abstract available.
Rheumatic Diseases* ; Spondylarthropathies

No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

In this paper, the title was described incorrectly.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Fatigue* ; Sciatica*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Eating* ; Foreign Bodies*

The mechanisms involved in brain neuronal damage in ischemia are related to the elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration and calcium antagonist is considered as a promising drug that may alleviate ischemic neuronal damage. Using transient global ischemia model of Mongolian gerbil, we studied the effect of nimodipine, a cerebroselective calcium antagonist, on ischemic brain edema. We treated each gerbil intraperitoneally with nimodipine (lmg/kg) or the same amount of saline 30 minutes prior to ischemia, and transient global ischemia was induced by means of clipping both common carotid arteries either for 10 minutes or for 45 minutes. Three hours after reperfusion, the animals were decapitated and the water content of the bain was determined by oven dry method. With 10 minute ischemia the brain water content in nimodipine pretreatment group (78.6 +/- 0.2%) was lower than that in saline pretreatment group (79.1 +/- 0.4%) significantly (p<0.05). But with 45 minute ischemia nimodipine pretreatment did not reduce the postischemic increase of water content compared with saline pretreatment (79.8 +/- 0.4% and 79 6 +/- 0.4%, respectively; not significant). Our results suggest that nimodipine pretreatment may suppress the development of ischemic brain edema and its effect depends largely on the extent of brain ischemia.
Animals ; Brain Edema* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Calcium ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cytosol ; Gerbillinae* ; Ischemia ; Neurons ; Nimodipine* ; Reperfusion

OBJECTIVE: This study was done to explore the determinants of care burden of Korean caregiver in patients with dementia. METHODS: For the seventy-nine patients with dementia and their caregivers, data on Caregiver Burden Inventory Korean version, and various patient- and caregiver related factors potentially related to care burden were investigated. Uni- or bi-variate analyses were performed to measure the relationships between individual factors and care burden, and then stepwise multiple linear regression tests were used to determine the independent risk factors. RESULTS: Two determinants of care burden were identified: 'severer depressive symptoms in patient' and 'lower spontaneous care motivation in caregiver'. Of the patient related factors, 'shorter disease duration', 'severer behavioral and psychotic symptoms' and'severer anxiety symptoms', and of the caregiver related factors,'women','having household responsibility', 'shorter free time' and'worse subjective health state' were related to care burden, although these were not identified as independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: To mitigate the care burden of Korean caregivers in patients with dementia, therapeutic interventions focused on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients would be essential in terms of patient related factors. With respect to caregiver related factors, in addition to the succession of the philosophy of filial piety, establishment of multi-modal services and facilities suitable for the caregivers vulnerable to care burden would be needed.
Anxiety ; Caregivers* ; Dementia* ; Depression ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Motivation ; Philosophy ; Risk Factors