PURPOSE: To diagnose the coronary artery disease, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge on coronary anatomy and normal variations. We performed a morphological study on normal variations of coronary artery in Korean adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1012 cases of coronary angiography were analyzed with particular emphasis on the normal variation of three coronary arteries and their major branches, including origin of conus artery, sinus node artery and atrioventricular node artery and the variation in posterior descending artery and ramus medianus. RESULTS: We found right dominance in 895 cases(88.4%), left domainance in 44 cases(4.3%), and balanced dominance in 73 cases(7.2%). Conus artery branched from right coronary artery in 468 cases(47.6%) and originated in right coronary sinus close to the os of right coronary artery in 515 cases(52.4%). Sinus node artery originated from left circumflex artery in 551 cases(54.4%), from right coronary artery in 442 cases(43.7%), and from both coronary arteries in 19 cases(1.9%). Atrioventricular node artery originated from right coronary artery in 943 cases(93.4%), from left circumflex artery in 59 cases(5.8%), and two atriovenricular node arteries from both arteries in 8 cases(0.8%). Posterior descending artery had the normal pattern in 505 cases(58.6%) and some variation in 357 cases(41.4%). We found short left main coronary artery, less than 2--3 mm, making it hard to cannulate in 172 cases(17.0%). Ramus medianus was found in 165 cases(16.5%) with marginal distribution in 84 cases(8.4%), diagonal distribution in 80 cases(8.0%) and coursing interventricular sulcus as double left anterior descending artery in 1 case(0.1%). Left main coronary artery gave off 4 branches in 8 cases(0.8%). Myocardial bridging was found in only 3 cases(0.3%). CONCLUSION: This study could provide basic morphological data on anatomy and normal variations of coronary arteries in Korean adults.
Adult ; Arteries ; Atrioventricular Node ; Conus Snail ; Coronary Angiography* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Sinus ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Myocardial Bridging

The corrected transposition of the great arteries is an usual congenital cardiac malformation, which consisitsof transposition of great arteries and ventricular inversion, and which is caused by abnormal developement ofconotruncus and ventricular looping. High frequency of associated cardiac malformations makes it difficult to getaccurate morphologic diagnosis. A total of 18 cases of corrected transposition of the great arteries is presented,in which cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography were done at the Department of Radiology, Seoul NationalUniversity Hospital between Sep. 1976 and June 1981. The clinical, radiogrpahic ,and operative findings with theemphasis on the angiocardiographic findings were analized. The resuls are as follows; 1. Among 18 cases, 13 caseshave normal cardiac position, 2 cases have dextrocardia with situs solitus, 2 cases have dextrocardia with situsinversus and 1 case has levocardia with situs inversus. 2. Segmental sets are {S.L.L.} in 15 cases, and {I.D.D} in3 cases and there is no exception to loop rule. 3. Side by side interrelationships of both ventricles and bothsemilunar valves are noticed in 10 and 12 cases respectively. 4. Subaortic type conus is noted in all 18 cases. 5.Associated cardiac malformations are VSD in 14 cases, PS in 11, PDA in 3, PFO in 3, ASD in 2, right aortic arch in2, tricuspid insufficiency, mitral prolapse, persistent left SVC and persistent right SVC in 1 case respectively.6. For accurate diagnosis of corrected TGA, selective biventriculography using biplane cineradiography is anessential procedure.
Angiocardiography ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteries ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Cineradiography ; Conus Snail ; Dextrocardia ; Diagnosis ; Levocardia ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Prolapse ; Seoul ; Situs Inversus ; Transposition of Great Vessels

No abstract available.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Male

Hemophilia, a genetically determined disorder, can be divided into hemophilia A and hemophilia B. Hemophilia A, defined as a sex-linked recessive trait hemorrhagic disease of males characterized by a deficiency of factor VIII occurs about seven times more frequently than hemophilia B which is characterized by a deficiency of factor IX. The complications resulting from hemophilia occurs in virtually every system. This paper is concerned with a rare complication of hemophilia, iliacus hematoma with femoral neuropathy. On case of spontaneous hemorrhage of iliacus muscle with femoral neuropathy in hemophilia was decompressed through a small incision with sump drainage under cover of AHF(Anti-hemophilic factor) concentrated plasma cryoperecipitate followed AHF replacement therapy.
Drainage ; Factor IX ; Factor VIII ; Femoral Neuropathy ; Hematoma ; Hemophilia A ; Hemophilia B ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma

Angiographic findings were analysed in 11 cases of Behcet'sdisease which was diagnosed clinically in Seoul national University Hospital from July 1982 to June 1983. Arterial involvement was noted in 5 cases and venous involvement in 6 cases respectively. Arterial aneurysm and occlusion were arteriographic findings. Arterial aneurysm was noted at large arteries in all 5 cases and multifocal involvement was noted in 4 cases. Characteristic finding of arterial involvement was protruding saccular aneurysm. Venous involvement was thrombotic occlusion of deep veins in iliac, femoral and tibial areas in all 6 cases. Behcet's disease should be differentiated whenever these arterial or venous angiographic findings are revealed in a young adult.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Humans ; Seoul ; Veins ; Young Adult

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare specific anomaly of twin gestation with fused placenta and umbilical anastomosis. This syndrome occurs once in about 34,600 births and reported first by Beneditti in 1533. We report on prenatal diagnosis of a case of TRAP sequence with color Doppler sonography, this case is presented with a brief review of the literature.
Humans ; Parturition ; Perfusion ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

The soleal line in 115 (left; 61, right; 54) cases of tibiae was studied morphometrically by the method of Mysorekar and Nandedkar. 1. The soleal line showed a uniform character throughout in 26 cases and a mixed characters in 89 cases. The bones showing uniform character were seen generally as a lineal line or wide line. 2. The soleal line having mixed characters divided into three parts. In the upper and middle thirds, the major type of line was wide line. In the lower third, the line was commonly seen as a lineal line. In about 12% of the bones examined the line was seen as a groove, particularly in the middle and lower thirds. 3. The soleal line commenced 1-2cm below the fibular facet In about 61% of cases. 4. The length of the soleal line was 10.5cm, and the ratio to that of the tibia was about 30%. The results of this study provide the characters of the soleal tne of the tibia in Korean. The soleal line, unlike the textbook description, generally shows mixed characters of a line.
Methods ; Tibia*

Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is a leading cause of severe neuropsychological impairments. Peripheral nerve injury has rarely been reported. Following are brief statements describing the motor peripheral neuropathy involved bilateral lower extremities of a patient who recovered following acute carbon monoxide poisoning. After inhalation of smoke from a fire, a 60-year-old woman experienced bilateral leg weakness without edema or injury. Neurological examination showed diplegia and deep tendon areflexia in lower limbs. There was no sensory deficit in lower extremities, and no cognitive disturbances were detected. Creatine kinase was normal. Electroneuromyogram patterns were compatible with the diagnosis of bilateral axonal injury. Clinical course after normobaric oxygen and rehabilitation therapy was marked by complete recovery of neurological disorders. Peripheral neuropathy is an unusual complication of CO intoxication. Motor peripheral neuropathy involvement of bilateral lower extremities is exceptional. Various mechanisms have been implicated, including nerve compression secondary to rhabdomyolysis, nerve ischemia due to hypoxia, and direct nerve toxicity of carbon monoxide. Prognosis is commonly excellent without sequelae. Emergency physicians should understand the possible-neurologic presentations of CO intoxication and make a proper decision regarding treatment.
Anoxia ; Axons ; Carbon Monoxide ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning* ; Creatine Kinase ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fires ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Ischemia ; Leg ; Lower Extremity* ; Middle Aged ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurologic Examination ; Oxygen ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Poisoning ; Prognosis ; Rehabilitation ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Smoke ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female

This study describes an evaluation of the sonographic, cholangiographic, pathological, and immunological findings, and the protective effect shown by rats reinfected with Clonorchis sinensis. Eight experimental rat groups were, namely, a normal control, a primary infection control, a reinfection I (reinfection 7 week after treatment following 3-week infection), a reinfection II (reinfection 2 week after treatment following 8-week infection), a reinfection III (exploration of the intrahepatic bile ducts 1 week after reinfection 4 week after treatment following 4-week infection), a superinfection, a secondary infection control, and an infection following immunization group. Sonographic and cholangiographic findings showed moderate or marked dilatation of the bile duct confluence in the primary infection control, reinfection II, and secondary infection control groups. Juvenile worms survived in the intrahepatic bile ducts 1 week after reinfection following treatment in the reinfection III group. It was concluded that reinfecting juvenile worms found during the first week following reinfection failed to survive or grow further. Anatomical, pathophysiological, or immunological changes may induce protection from reinfection in rats.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Helminth/blood ; Antigens, Helminth/administration & dosage/immunology ; Bile Duct Diseases/parasitology/*pathology/ultrasonography ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/parasitology/*pathology/ultrasonography ; Cholangiography ; Clonorchiasis/parasitology/*pathology/ultrasonography ; Clonorchis sinensis/*pathogenicity ; Immunization ; Praziquantel/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sound Spectrography ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't