Posterior epidural migration of a sequestrated intervertebral lumbar disc is rare with only five cases ever reported in the literature so far. The objective of this paper is to report our experience of such a extremely rare case with a review the literature

No abstract available in English.
Clinical Study ; Dislocations ; Spine

These study was designed to observe the appearance and the characteristics of apoptotic cells during the development of knee joint in rat. The fetus were collected on the 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th day of pregnancy. In this study, TUNEL staining, electron microscopic investigation and immunocytochemical gold labeling techniques were used. In the immuno-cytochemical gold labeling techniques, primary antibodies were used, which were to be polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse/ rat Bax, polyclonal rabbit anti-tissue transglutaminase C, and polyclonal goat anti-cpp32p20. The samples were observed under JEOL 1200 EX-II transmission electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1. In a 16-day-old fetus, between femur and tibia cartilages, mesenchymal cells were observed. Mesenchymal cells had marginated heterochromatin and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. 2. In a 17-day-old fetus, the knee joint clefts were first formed. In the primordial cruciate ligaments between the cartilages, capillaries were scattered. The apoptotic cells, which had fragmented and condensed nucleus, showed in the synovium. And necrotic cells, which had nuclear chromatin margination, perinuclear cisternae, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, also were observed in the joint cleft surface. 3. From the 18-day-old fetus, phagocytic synovial cells and secretory synovial cells could be confirmed. The apoptotic cells were not seen. 4. In a 17-day-old fetus, a few cells were positive for TUNEL reaction in the joint cleft region. 5. In a 17-day-old fetus, Bax were marked on the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum of apoptotic cells. Also, it was marked at the phagocytosed apoptotic bodies in the neighboring cells. 6. In a 17-day-old fetus, the tissue Transglutaminase C were marked in the perinuclear region, vacuoles, cell membrane and extracellular matrix of the apoptotic cells. Also, it was marked at the phagocytosed apoptotic bodies in the neighboring cells. 7. In a 17-days-old fetus, CPP32 labeling were marked in the cytoplasm of the apoptotic cells. Practically, it was distributed between the phagocytosed apoptotic bodies and the neighboring cells. On the basis of above findings, it is obvious that the joint cleft are first formed in a 17-day-old fetus, a few cells are to be TUNEL positive signals, and the apoptotic cells contain Bax, tissue Transglutaminase C, and CPP32. Therefore the apoptotic cells and the necrotic cells are appeared in the 17-day-old fetus, and these cells are concerned with joint cleft formation.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Apoptosis ; Capillaries ; Cartilage ; Cell Membrane ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Extracellular Matrix ; Femur ; Fetus ; Goats ; Heterochromatin ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Joints ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Mitochondria ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Synovial Membrane ; Tibia ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between socioeconomic status and adherence to health check-ups in a Korean population aged 40 years or older. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 12,311 participants who participated in the 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess each participant's socioeconomic status (household income, occupation, and education) and adherence to health check-ups. RESULTS: Men with a higher income (highest vs. lowest: odds ratio [OR], 1.799; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.296–2.497) and men with a higher education level (≥12 vs. < 6 years: OR, 1.488; 95% CI, 1.078–2.054) and office workers compared with manual workers (men: OR, 1.431; 95% CI, 1.077–1.902; women: OR, 1.783; 95% CI, 1.256–2.532) appeared to undergo more health check-ups. In particular, men and women with a higher income and education appeared more likely to undergo opportunistic health check-ups (men: highest vs. lowest income: OR, 2.380; 95% CI, 1.218–4.653; ≥12 vs. < 6 years education: OR, 2.121; 95% CI, 1.142–3.936; women: highest vs. lowest income: OR, 4.042; 95% CI, 2.239–7.297; ≥12 vs. < 6 years education: OR, 2.475; 95% CI, 1.283–4.775). CONCLUSION: A higher socioeconomic status was associated with a higher rate of participation in health check-ups. More efforts are needed to identify the factors associated with disparity in adherence to health check-ups.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Occupations ; Odds Ratio ; Public Health ; Social Class*

Agar ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Load ; Chlorhexidine ; Mouth ; Povidone-Iodine ; Saliva ; Sheep ; Stem Cells

Ligamentum flavum cysts (LFCs) are rare but clinically significant lesions in the lumbar spine. These cysts, often found incidentally, can mimic the symptoms of intervertebral disc herniation and cause radiculopathy. This article details a case involving an 80-year-old woman with severe lower back and radicular pain due to an LFC at the right L5/S1 facet joint that was unresponsive to conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and neurography confirmed that the cyst compressed the right S1 nerve root. Surgical excision via partial hemilaminectomy resulted in complete symptom relief and nerve decompression. Histopathological analysis identified the cyst as degenerative without a synovial lining. This case underscores the importance of considering LFCs in the differential diagnosis of neurogenic leg pain and highlights the efficacy of surgical excision for symptom resolution and preventing recurrence.

The supranuclear control of eye movement invo l ves the pathway extending from the cerebral cortex to theocular motor nuclei located in the brain stem. This paper de-scribes the normal supranuclear pathway, whichcontrols eye movement. We also include magnetic resonance imaging findings of the typical ocular manifestationscaused by disorders involving the supranuclear pathway, providing the anatomic ex-planations for certain clinicalsigns.
Brain Stem ; Cerebral Cortex ; Eye Movements ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ocular Motility Disorders*

Cerebral aneurysms associated with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) have been reported with a variable incidence, averaged 10% of total AVM cases. It has been AVM. We report four cases of the intracranial aneurysm associated with AVM. Three cases of aneurysm were located in distal portion of feeding artery, and one case was proximal on major feeding artery. And bleeding resulted from rupture of aneurysm. Three of them located in the posterior circulation. Removal of aneurysm and AVM was successfully accomplished in 3 cases.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Rupture

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in health behaviors and dietary habits between the metabolically healthy group and the metabolically abnormal group in overweight and obese subjects based on the data of National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). METHODS: Using the NHANES data (2007–2010), a total of 18,188 subjects were grouped into the metabolically healthy group and the abnormal group using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) definition. Then we compared their health behaviors, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes after adjustment for variables in overweight and obese groups. RESULTS: The proportion of metabolic abnormalities tended to increase with increasing age in both overweight and obesity groups.(P for trend <0.001) After adjusting various confounding variables, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of skipping any meal and breakfast for metabolically abnormality were 1.318 (1.066–1.631) and 1.354 (1.076–1.705) in male obese group and those of skipping breakfast and carbonated drink intake were 1.578 (1.168–2.133) and 1.540 (1.188–2.492) in female obese group. Daily potassium intake (P=0.032) and daily vitamin C intake (P=0.048) in the male overweight group and daily water intake (P=0.046) and daily carbohydrate intake (P=0.038) in the female overweight group were associated with metabolically abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: There were differences in health behaviors and nutrient intake according to metabolically abnormality in overweight and obese groups.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adult ; Ascorbic Acid ; Breakfast ; Carbonated Beverages ; Cholesterol ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity* ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight* ; Potassium

The nuclear and infranuclear pathway of eye movement begins from the ocular mo-tor nuclei situated in thebrain stem, where the axons originate and form three ocular motor nerve s. Although each of the ocular motornerves follows a distinct route to reach the end organ, the extraocular muscles, they also have common housings inthe cavernous sinus and at the orbital apex, where part or all of them are frequently and simultaneously affectedby a common disease process. Since the fine details of normal and diseased structures can frequently be seen onradiologic imaging, especially mag-netic resonance (MR) imaging, a knowledge of the basic anatomy invo l ved innuclear and infranuclear eye movement is important. In this description, in addition to the normal nuclear andinfranuclear pathway of eye movement, we have noted the radio-logic findings of typical diseases involving eachsegment of the nuclear and infranu-clear pathway, particularly as seen on magnetic resonance images. Briefcomments on ocular motor pseudopalsy, which mimics ocular motor palsy, are also included.
Axons ; Brain ; Cavernous Sinus ; Cranial Nerves ; Eye Movements ; Muscles ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Orbit ; Paralysis