Posterior epidural migration of a sequestrated intervertebral lumbar disc is rare with only five cases ever reported in the literature so far. The objective of this paper is to report our experience of such a extremely rare case with a review the literature

No abstract available in English.
Clinical Study ; Dislocations ; Spine

These study was designed to observe the appearance and the characteristics of apoptotic cells during the development of knee joint in rat. The fetus were collected on the 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th day of pregnancy. In this study, TUNEL staining, electron microscopic investigation and immunocytochemical gold labeling techniques were used. In the immuno-cytochemical gold labeling techniques, primary antibodies were used, which were to be polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse/ rat Bax, polyclonal rabbit anti-tissue transglutaminase C, and polyclonal goat anti-cpp32p20. The samples were observed under JEOL 1200 EX-II transmission electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1. In a 16-day-old fetus, between femur and tibia cartilages, mesenchymal cells were observed. Mesenchymal cells had marginated heterochromatin and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. 2. In a 17-day-old fetus, the knee joint clefts were first formed. In the primordial cruciate ligaments between the cartilages, capillaries were scattered. The apoptotic cells, which had fragmented and condensed nucleus, showed in the synovium. And necrotic cells, which had nuclear chromatin margination, perinuclear cisternae, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, also were observed in the joint cleft surface. 3. From the 18-day-old fetus, phagocytic synovial cells and secretory synovial cells could be confirmed. The apoptotic cells were not seen. 4. In a 17-day-old fetus, a few cells were positive for TUNEL reaction in the joint cleft region. 5. In a 17-day-old fetus, Bax were marked on the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum of apoptotic cells. Also, it was marked at the phagocytosed apoptotic bodies in the neighboring cells. 6. In a 17-day-old fetus, the tissue Transglutaminase C were marked in the perinuclear region, vacuoles, cell membrane and extracellular matrix of the apoptotic cells. Also, it was marked at the phagocytosed apoptotic bodies in the neighboring cells. 7. In a 17-days-old fetus, CPP32 labeling were marked in the cytoplasm of the apoptotic cells. Practically, it was distributed between the phagocytosed apoptotic bodies and the neighboring cells. On the basis of above findings, it is obvious that the joint cleft are first formed in a 17-day-old fetus, a few cells are to be TUNEL positive signals, and the apoptotic cells contain Bax, tissue Transglutaminase C, and CPP32. Therefore the apoptotic cells and the necrotic cells are appeared in the 17-day-old fetus, and these cells are concerned with joint cleft formation.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Apoptosis ; Capillaries ; Cartilage ; Cell Membrane ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Extracellular Matrix ; Femur ; Fetus ; Goats ; Heterochromatin ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Joints ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Mitochondria ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Synovial Membrane ; Tibia ; Vacuoles

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between socioeconomic status and adherence to health check-ups in a Korean population aged 40 years or older. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 12,311 participants who participated in the 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess each participant's socioeconomic status (household income, occupation, and education) and adherence to health check-ups. RESULTS: Men with a higher income (highest vs. lowest: odds ratio [OR], 1.799; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.296–2.497) and men with a higher education level (≥12 vs. < 6 years: OR, 1.488; 95% CI, 1.078–2.054) and office workers compared with manual workers (men: OR, 1.431; 95% CI, 1.077–1.902; women: OR, 1.783; 95% CI, 1.256–2.532) appeared to undergo more health check-ups. In particular, men and women with a higher income and education appeared more likely to undergo opportunistic health check-ups (men: highest vs. lowest income: OR, 2.380; 95% CI, 1.218–4.653; ≥12 vs. < 6 years education: OR, 2.121; 95% CI, 1.142–3.936; women: highest vs. lowest income: OR, 4.042; 95% CI, 2.239–7.297; ≥12 vs. < 6 years education: OR, 2.475; 95% CI, 1.283–4.775). CONCLUSION: A higher socioeconomic status was associated with a higher rate of participation in health check-ups. More efforts are needed to identify the factors associated with disparity in adherence to health check-ups.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Occupations ; Odds Ratio ; Public Health ; Social Class*

Agar ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Load ; Chlorhexidine ; Mouth ; Povidone-Iodine ; Saliva ; Sheep ; Stem Cells

The supranuclear control of eye movement invo l ves the pathway extending from the cerebral cortex to theocular motor nuclei located in the brain stem. This paper de-scribes the normal supranuclear pathway, whichcontrols eye movement. We also include magnetic resonance imaging findings of the typical ocular manifestationscaused by disorders involving the supranuclear pathway, providing the anatomic ex-planations for certain clinicalsigns.
Brain Stem ; Cerebral Cortex ; Eye Movements ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Ocular Motility Disorders*

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques that measure cerebral perfusion have become increasingly important. It is due to the limitation of other imaging modalities (single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT ; positron emission tomography, PET etc.) and conventional MR imaging to detect cerebral perfusion, and its ability to identify and quantitate changes in cerebral perfusion may have a substantial effect on both the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. We evaluated the cerebral perfusion and arterial recanalization of large territorial infarction in acute, subacute and chronic stage by MR image and MR angiography and tried to correlate with motor improvement. Twenty six patients with large territorial infarction of middle cerebral artery (MCA, n=23) or posterior cerebral artery (PCA, n=3) were included in this study. In conjunction with conventional brain MR imagings, thirty-four dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imagings (DSC-MRI) and MR angiography were performed in acute (< lweek, n=22), subacute (1-3 weeks, n=7), and chronic (3-5weeks, n=5) stages of cerebral infarction. Regional cerebral blood volumes (rCBVs) were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis and rCBV images were generated. Perfusion of infarcted areas were compared to contralateral normal regions by rCBV ratio (rCBV of infarcted area/that of contralateral), and arterial recanalization of infarcted area were investigated by MR angiographies. Motor power of the hemiparetic side of the patients was observed during the first 5 weeks after the stroke onset. The rCBVs of ischemic regions increased in subacute period than acute period and decreased again in chronic period (p<0.01, Kruskal Wallis one-way ANOVA), and these patterns were also correlated with visual findings of rCBV images. Recanalization of occluded arteries was found on MR angiagraphy in 3 patients (13.69.1) in acute, 6 patients (85.7%) in subacute and 4 patients (80.0%) in chronic infarction. The increase of "rCBV ratio" was more frequently seen in recanalization than no recanalization cases but we could not statistically analyze the difference due to small size of sample. In MCA infarctions, there is no significant relationship between rCBV with motor improvement during first 5 weeks after the onset. DSC-MRI is noninvasive, more widely available than other functional images (SPECT and PET) and easier to perform in an emergency setting. By providing information about hemodynamics, which is not available with conventional T1 or T2-weighted images, DSC-MRI will be helpful in describing the pathaphysiologic characteristics of stroke.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Blood Volume ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Perfusion* ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Stroke ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

A 44-year-old man, who had a history of myocardial infarction (MI) due to thrombotic occlusion of right coronary artery (RCA) aneurysm, visited emergency department presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The patient had been on oral anticoagulant therapy (warfarin) from the first thrombotic event, but the medication had been recently changed to aspirin 4 months before the second event. Emergent coronary angiography revealed thrombotic total occlusion of RCA with heavy thrombotic burden from middle RCA to the ostium of the posterior descending branch. Combination pharmacotherapy was performed with anticoagulants (heparin), fibrinolytics (urokinase), and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists (abciximab), in addition to mechanical thrombosuction. However, on hospital day 2, the patient complained recurrent chest pain and again underwent coronary angiography, which revealed distal embolization of large thrombus to the posterior lateral branch. Coronary flow was recovered after repeated mechanical thrombosuction was performed. This case has shown the importance of aggressive combination drug therapy, accompanied by mechanical thrombosuction in patient with myocardial infarction due to thrombotic occlusion of coronary artery aneurysm and the importance of unceasing life-long anticoagulant therapy in those particular patients.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Anticoagulants ; Aspirin ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Aneurysm ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Occlusion* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Thrombectomy ; Thrombosis ; Warfarin*

Cerebral aneurysms associated with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) have been reported with a variable incidence, averaged 10% of total AVM cases. It has been AVM. We report four cases of the intracranial aneurysm associated with AVM. Three cases of aneurysm were located in distal portion of feeding artery, and one case was proximal on major feeding artery. And bleeding resulted from rupture of aneurysm. Three of them located in the posterior circulation. Removal of aneurysm and AVM was successfully accomplished in 3 cases.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Hemorrhage ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Rupture

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of an intravitreal amniotic membrane (AM) injection on a rat model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: Intravitreal injection of AM (12.5 microgram/mL) into the left eyes and phosphate-buffered saline into the fellow eyes of 15 rats was performed immediately after laser injury. At week 2, after angiography, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathologic analysis was performed. Angiographic and histopathologic assessments of the effects of AM injection on CNV growth were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: CNV thickness was found to have increased more in the AM treatment group (141.54+/-8.12 micrometer) than in the experimental control group (65.23+/-16.90 micrometer) (p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal AM injection demonstrated histopathologic pro-angiogenic properties in a rat model of CNV.
Amnion ; Angiography ; Animals ; Choroid ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; Eye ; Intravitreal Injections ; Rats