For the purpose of ascertaining the status of physical growth and health status of the University students, an intensive survey was conducted by the authors towards a total of 1,250 (Male 792, Female 458) who passed the written entrance examination at the Kyung Hee University in 1972. The items included the measurements on physical growth, various physical and nutritional indices, status of visual distourbance, dental status and tuberculosis. The findings and results can be summarized as follows ; 1. Physical Growth and Development. i) The average of body height by anthropometric was 169.39+/-5.05cm in male and 157.45+/-4.43cm in female. ii) The averages of body weight by sex were 59.42+/-6.47Kg and 51.81+/-5.21Kg, respectively. iii) The averages of chest-girth were 87.18+/-5.30cm and 80.51+/-4.53cm. iv) The averages of sitting-height were 92.21+/-2.79cm and 86.28+/-2.57cm. In all cases the male measurements were higher than female. 2. Various ludices about Physical Growth and Development; i) Relative body weight by sex were 35.08and 32.91, relative chestgirth 51.47 and 51.13, and relative sitting-height 54.43, 54.79, respectively. ii) Rohrer index was 1.222 in males and 1.327 in females, Kaup index 2.071 and 2.089, Verveck index 86.54 and 84.04, and Pelidisi index 91.15 and 93.08, respectively. 3. Status of visual distourbance. The vision of the students under 0.8 with Landolt's testing chart was 45.4% in left eye and 46.6% in right eye (male : 44.4% and 45.7%, female : 47.2% and 48.0%), while under 0.6in both visions was 41.0% and 40.5% (male 40.8% and 40.7%, female : 41.5% and 40.2%),respectively. 4. Dental Status. Out of total 19.4% (male 19.2%, female 19.6%) had gingivitis, the female incidence rate of gingivitis was higher than male. Average number of teeth in each subjects was 29.6 teeth; male had 29.9 teeth and female had 29.1 teeth. The caries rate was 78.9%(male 75.6%, female 84.5%), the female caries rate was higher than male. The average number of i) Caries per tooth rate was 8.5% in male and 9.2% in female, ii) Missing per tooth rate was 0.3% and 0.2%, iii) Filling per tooth rate was 3.9% and 4.2%, in all cases, the female incidences were higher than the male. The average number of D.M.F. was 3.8 teeth in male and 4.0 teeth in female, female was higher than male. The average rate of D.M.F. was 12.7% in male and 13.7 in female, female was higher than male. 5. Pulmonary infiltration. Among the total, 53 students were diagnosed as pulmonary infiltration (tuberculosis), of whom 51 were minimal cases, one were moderately advanced case and one were far advanced case.
Body Height ; Body Weight ; Female ; Gingivitis ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment ; Tooth ; Tuberculosis

For the purpose of ascertaining the status of physical growth and health status of the University students, an intensive survey was conducted by the authors towards a total of 1,250 (Male 792, Female 458) who passed the written entrance examination at the Kyung Hee University in 1972. The items included the measurements on physical growth, various physical and nutritional indices, status of visual distourbance, dental status and tuberculosis. The findings and results can be summarized as follows ; 1. Physical Growth and Development. i) The average of body height by anthropometric was 169.39+/-5.05cm in male and 157.45+/-4.43cm in female. ii) The averages of body weight by sex were 59.42+/-6.47Kg and 51.81+/-5.21Kg, respectively. iii) The averages of chest-girth were 87.18+/-5.30cm and 80.51+/-4.53cm. iv) The averages of sitting-height were 92.21+/-2.79cm and 86.28+/-2.57cm. In all cases the male measurements were higher than female. 2. Various ludices about Physical Growth and Development; i) Relative body weight by sex were 35.08and 32.91, relative chestgirth 51.47 and 51.13, and relative sitting-height 54.43, 54.79, respectively. ii) Rohrer index was 1.222 in males and 1.327 in females, Kaup index 2.071 and 2.089, Verveck index 86.54 and 84.04, and Pelidisi index 91.15 and 93.08, respectively. 3. Status of visual distourbance. The vision of the students under 0.8 with Landolt's testing chart was 45.4% in left eye and 46.6% in right eye (male : 44.4% and 45.7%, female : 47.2% and 48.0%), while under 0.6in both visions was 41.0% and 40.5% (male 40.8% and 40.7%, female : 41.5% and 40.2%),respectively. 4. Dental Status. Out of total 19.4% (male 19.2%, female 19.6%) had gingivitis, the female incidence rate of gingivitis was higher than male. Average number of teeth in each subjects was 29.6 teeth; male had 29.9 teeth and female had 29.1 teeth. The caries rate was 78.9%(male 75.6%, female 84.5%), the female caries rate was higher than male. The average number of i) Caries per tooth rate was 8.5% in male and 9.2% in female, ii) Missing per tooth rate was 0.3% and 0.2%, iii) Filling per tooth rate was 3.9% and 4.2%, in all cases, the female incidences were higher than the male. The average number of D.M.F. was 3.8 teeth in male and 4.0 teeth in female, female was higher than male. The average rate of D.M.F. was 12.7% in male and 13.7 in female, female was higher than male. 5. Pulmonary infiltration. Among the total, 53 students were diagnosed as pulmonary infiltration (tuberculosis), of whom 51 were minimal cases, one were moderately advanced case and one were far advanced case.
Body Height ; Body Weight ; Female ; Gingivitis ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment ; Tooth ; Tuberculosis

A foreign body reaction to biodegradable fixation materials for internal fixation of a variety of fractures and osteotomies has been described since nineteen eighty five. Polyglycolide and other biodegradable poly-alpha-hydroxyacids such as polylactide (PLA) or polydioxanone (PDS) causes a non-specific inflammatory reaction with invasion of macrophages, multinucleated foreign body giant cells and neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The wood and needle fish were reported to cause foreign body reaction by several authors. But there is no report about aseptic synovitis caused by intraarticular stainless steel foreign body. So we report a case of aseptic synovitis reaction to stainless steel treated successfully by arthroscopic surgery and discuss the possible reasons for this inflammatory reaction.
Arthroscopy ; Foreign Bodies* ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Macrophages ; Needles ; Neutrophils ; Osteotomy ; Polydioxanone ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Stainless Steel* ; Synovitis* ; Wood

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of spirituality promoting intervention for the stomach and colon cancer patients. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design was used. Data collection was carried out from April 2004 to June, 2004 at a cancer center in Korea. The intervention included pray, meditation, group education and discussion for coping with cancer. The experimental group were received a 1-hour intervention per week for 6 weeks, while the control group received usual care. Data collection was done at pre and post intervention. The degree of spirituality was measured by the Korean version of WHOQOL-SRPB pilot test(WHO Quality of Life-Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs pilot test) Module, and social support was measured using scores on a PRQ 85(Personal Resources Questionnaire). Fighting spirit was measured by the scores of MAC(Mental Adjustment to Cancer) scale. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant increase in the scores of social support and fighting spirit compared to those in the control group after the intervention. There were no significant changes in terms of the spirituality score compared to the baseline score in the experimental group and the control group. CONCLUSION: This intervention appeared to be effective in increasing social support and fighting spirit, which considered to be very helpful in cancer adjustment.
Colonic Neoplasms ; Data Collection ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Meditation ; Spirituality* ; Stomach

Orientia tsutsugamushi, a causative pathogen of Scrub typhus, is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced from the membrane of bacteria and play many roles related to the survival of the pathogen. However, there have been no reports confirming whether O. tsutsugamushi indeed produce OMVs. O. tsutsugamushi boryong was cultured in ECV-304 cells for the purification of OMVs. Western blot analysis and immunoenrichment using anti-O. tsutsugamushi monoclonal antibody and electron microscopy were employed for identification and characterization of OMVs. We confirm the presence of OMVs derived from O. tsutsugamushi, and also found that those OMVs contain a major surface antigen of 56-kDa protein and variant immunogenic antigens.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Orientia tsutsugamushi/*immunology/metabolism ; Scrub Typhus/diagnosis/microbiology ; Secretory Vesicles/*immunology

PURPOSE: We performed a study on clinical benefits of Harada's scoring method, problems of present criteria and requirement of the revision of that criteria for intrvenos gamma-globulin (IVGG) treatment of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Korea. METHODS: The patients of 104 cases who visited to Department of Pediatrics of Chungnam National University Hospital and diagnosed as KD were objective group. We classified the patients to high and low risk groups as two methods of Harada's scoring method and present criteria for IVGG treatment of KD in Korea, and analyzed the results after treatment by means of echocardiogram. RESULTS: 1. Characteristics of the patients 1) Duration to diagnosis: Mean duration was 6.0 3.5days after onset of fever. 2) Age of onset and male to female ratio: the patients of 84.6% were the age of 4 years or less, and male to female ratio was 1.8 to 1. 2. Coronary aitery lesion (CAL) abnormalities according to items of Harada's scoring method and classification of risk groups 1) The age of less than 12 months and CRP of 3+ or more were significant predictive factors 2) Classification of risk groups was significantly predictive in CAL development. 3. Classification of total cases The patients reserved to administration for IVGG according to Harada's scoring method and present criteria for IVGG treatment of KD in Korea were 63.5% and 50% respectively. If so in present criteria for IVGG treatment of KD in Korea, 50% of the KD patients were excluded for that application. 4. Outcome after treatment according to selective IVGG use by two methods 1) Selective IVGG use by Harada's scoring method: There was no significant difference in development of CAL between low risk group and high risk group, resulting in 1 case (14.3%) of 7 cases and 5 cases (9.4%) of 53 cases respectively. 2) Selective IVGG use by present criteria for IVGG treatment of KD in Korea: There were more significant cases at low risk group than those at high risk group in development of CAL, resulting in 3 cases (42.9%) of 7 cases and 5 cases (12.2%) of 41 cases respectively. 3) Outcome after treatment in patients not administered IVGG as low risk groups according to two methods: There were more significant cases in low risk group at present criteria for IVGG treatment of KD in Korea than those at Harada's scoring method in the development of CAL, resulting in 3 cases (42.9%) of 7 cases and 1 case (14.3%) of 7 ases respectively. 4) Outcome after treatment in patients administered IVGG as high risk groups according to two methods: There was no significant difference between high risk groups at both methods in the CAL development, resulting in 5 cases (12.2%) of 41 cases at present criteria for IVGG treatment of KD in Korea and 5 cases (9.4%) of 53 cases at Harada's scoring method. CONCLUSIONS: Harada's scoring method had more benefits in clinical application, selection of risk group, and outcome after treatment, So we propose the revision of present criteria for IVGG treatment of KD in Korea, suggesting another method as indication for selective IVGG treatment.
Age of Onset ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; gamma-Globulins ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Pediatrics ; Research Design* ; Risk Factors

Malignant biliary or pancreatic duct stricture is dilatated using dilatating catheter or balloon catheter but a high grade stricture is difficult to dilate by general dilatating methods. Using Soehendra stent retriever is an effective method for exchanging an impacted stent. Recently, high grade malignant biliary strictures have been dilatated by Soehendra stent retriever. We report 3 cases of successful biliary drainage in high grade malignant biliary strictures using 7 Fr Soehendra stent retriever.
Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Drainage* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Stents*

OBJECTIVES: There has been a growing concern about the possible carcinogenic effects of the electromagnetic radiofrequency fields emitted from mobile phones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between mobile phone use and the development of gliomas in Korea. METHODS: Our study methods were based on the International Interphone study that aimed to evaluate possible adverse effects of mobile phone use. This study included 285 histologically-confirmed Korean patients 15 to 69 years of age, with gliomas diagnosed between 2002 and 2007 in 9 hospitals. The 285 individually matched controls were healthy individuals that had their medical check-up in the same hospitals. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for use of mobile phones. RESULTS: For the entire group, no significant relationship was investigated between gliomas and regular use of mobile phones, types of mobile phones, lifetime years of use, monthly service fee, and the other exposure indices. Analyses restricted to self-respondents showed similar results. For ipsilateral users, whose the body side for usual mobile phone use match the location of glioma, the aORs (95% CIs) for lifetime years of use and cumulative hours of use were 1.25 (0.55 to 2.88) and 1.77 (0.32 to 1.84), respectively. However, the contralateral users showed slightly lower risk than ipsilateral users. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that the use of mobile phones increases the risk of glioma; however, we found a non-significant increase in risk among ipsilateral users. These findings suggest further evaluation for glioma risk among long-term mobile phone users.
Brain Neoplasms ; Case-Control Studies* ; Cell Phones* ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Fees and Charges ; Glioma* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Magnets ; Odds Ratio

OBJECTIVES: There has been a growing concern about the possible carcinogenic effects of the electromagnetic radiofrequency fields emitted from mobile phones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between mobile phone use and the development of gliomas in Korea. METHODS: Our study methods were based on the International Interphone study that aimed to evaluate possible adverse effects of mobile phone use. This study included 285 histologically-confirmed Korean patients 15 to 69 years of age, with gliomas diagnosed between 2002 and 2007 in 9 hospitals. The 285 individually matched controls were healthy individuals that had their medical check-up in the same hospitals. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for use of mobile phones. RESULTS: For the entire group, no significant relationship was investigated between gliomas and regular use of mobile phones, types of mobile phones, lifetime years of use, monthly service fee, and the other exposure indices. Analyses restricted to self-respondents showed similar results. For ipsilateral users, whose the body side for usual mobile phone use match the location of glioma, the aORs (95% CIs) for lifetime years of use and cumulative hours of use were 1.25 (0.55 to 2.88) and 1.77 (0.32 to 1.84), respectively. However, the contralateral users showed slightly lower risk than ipsilateral users. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that the use of mobile phones increases the risk of glioma; however, we found a non-significant increase in risk among ipsilateral users. These findings suggest further evaluation for glioma risk among long-term mobile phone users.
Brain Neoplasms ; Case-Control Studies* ; Cell Phones* ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Fees and Charges ; Glioma* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Magnets ; Odds Ratio