Hertel and Naugle exophthalmometers were used to compare the variability and reproducibility, produced by various observers. Five examiners measured fifty two eyes of twenty-six normal subjects each by using two different exophthalmometers, respectively. The average coefficient of variation among five measurements was 5.6% in the right eye, 5.2% in the left eye and 2.1% in base line by Hertel exophthalmometer. The average coefficient of variation measured by Naugle exophthalmometer was 1.9% in both eyes and 0.8% in pupillary distance. In conclusion, Naugle exophthalmometer showed less variability and better reproducibility; it is more appropriate for comparative exophthalmetry.
Reading*

It is known that surgically induced astigmatism can be reduced by incision along the steep axis. Also, high grade astigmatism can be induced by pterygium. We evaluated the amount of corneal astigmatism according to the severity of pterygium in cataract patients. We retrospetively analysed the change of astigmatism after simultaneous surgery for cataract and pterygium retrospectively. We divided patients into two groups, temporal incision group. We confirmed that astigmatism is induced by moderate to severe pterygium. The more severe the pterygium, the more the amount of astigmatism. The amount of astigmatism was reduced after surgery irrespective of the incision. Postoperative astigmatic change was stabilized earlier in the temporal incision group than in the superior incision group. We concluded thath simultaneous surgery for cataract and pterygium can be considered when the severity of the pterygium is moderate to severe. Incision location in those surgeries should be decided according to whether the previous astigmatism was with-the-rule or aganinst-the-rule and this can be assumed by the state of astigmatism of the healthy, fellow sys. If the assumption is not possible, temporal incision is more desirable in aspectes of stability and predictability of postoperative astigmatism.
Astigmatism* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Pterygium* ; Retrospective Studies

We present a case of extensive thrombosis in the jugular vein and sigmoid, transverse, superior sagittal sinuses with partial deep venous thrombosis. The patient had acute severe headache but had neither focal neurological deficit nor consciousness change. Emergency endovascular thrombolysis through transfemoral approach was performed with successful restoration of venous drainage. There was no hemorrhagic complication. Several days later, the patient had a focal seizure attack due to focal venous infarction despite of continuous systemic anticoagulation therapy.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Consciousness ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Headache ; Humans ; Infarction ; Jugular Veins ; Seizures ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial* ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; Venous Thrombosis

PURPOSE: We intended to investigate the clinical features and the predictors of febrile seizure plus(FS+), not suspected of generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+). METHODS: We selected 24 patients, aged more than 6 years old, who were admitted to Myongji Hospital of Kwandong University from January, 2001 to March, 2005 due to febrile seizures. All of those had neither a family history of febrile seizures or epilepsy nor abnormalities in the EEG or MRI. We examined sex, age of seizure onset, type of seizure, duration of seizure, the time until seizure after fever and frequency of febrile seizure. We investigated also the statistical significances of these clinical features by comparing with patients of simple febrile seizure(FS) as a control group. RESULTS: The male to female of the FS+ group was 2:1, which had no statistical significance compared with the FS. The age of seizure onsets in the FS+(39.4+/-5.0 months) was significantly older than FS the group(24.1+/-2.1 months)(P<0.05). In the types of seizures, non-generalized tonic clonic seizures occurred significantly more often in the FS+ group(20.9%) than the FS(8.4%)(P<0.05). The frequency of febrile seizures also was high in the FS+ group(n=3.2+/-0.8) than the FS group(n=1.1+/-0.1)(P<0.05). The duration of seizures and the time until seizure after fever did not have statistical significance. CONCLUSION: We suggest that FS+ can be characterized by late onsets of initial seizures, more frequent non-generalized tonic clonic seizures and recurrent febrile seizures. Therefore, FS+ should be suspected for patients more than 4 years old with non-generalized tonic clonic seizures or recurrent febrile seizures of more than 4 times.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Generalized ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile*

PURPOSE: Headache is a common neurologic symptom in children but chronic headache in them must be diagnosed in different ways. The aim of this study is to determine the algorithm of diagnostic approach for children with chronic headache and know the clinical significance of dizziness in evaluating those children. METHODS: We recruited children with headache at Myongji Hospital from January 2004 to July 2006. The study was based on a retrospective review of their medical records and interviews with the children and their parents. We divided them into two groups : Group A headache with dizziness, Group B headache without dizziness. RESULTS: The medical records of 86 children and adolescents with headache were reviewed. Age for group A ranged from 10 to 15 years(73.7%) and gender ratio was 1:1.7. Age for group B ranged mostly under 7 years(56.3%) and gender ratio was 1:0.85. Headache in group A frequently occurred predominantly in the morning(37.3%). The duration of the attack was over 90 min(87.5%) in group A and over 90 min(50.0%) in group B. Associated symptoms were mainly nausea(34.2%), vomiting(18.4%), blurred vision(12.7%) in group A. Over 90% of them had headache 4 times a week and so did dizziness. The final diagnoses in cases of group A were migraine(31.6%), orthostatic hypotension(15.8%), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome(13.2%), and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(10.5%). While in group B diagnoses included sinusitis(50.0%), migraine(31.3%), and complications of migraine(8.3%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed high percentage of headache concurred with dizziness in children. The association of headache with dizziness is complex and maybe coincidental. If chronic headache with dizziness in girls occurs mainly in the morning, it maybe related to vestibular disorder and orthostatic instability. In conclusion, dizziness and other associated symptoms or clinical features should carefully be assessed in the diagnosis of headache.
Adolescent ; Child ; Dizziness ; Headache ; Headache Disorders ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachycardia

This study was conducted to identify the major dietary patterns of Korean adult men and to examine the relationship between subjective stress perception and these dietary patterns using data from the 2014∼2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Of the 23,080 total subjects, adult men between the ages of 19 and 64 who did not take the questionnaire or answer the questions relating to depression, and cases where the daily energy intake was less than 500 kcal or more than 5,000 kcal in the Food Frequency Questionnaire were excluded. This left a total of 3,464 subjects who were included in the final analysis. We performed a factor analysis based on the yearly mean intake frequency of 41 food groups to identify the major dietary patterns. Three major dietary patterns were identified (factor loading ＞0.3), including the ‘Healthy pattern’, ‘Processed meat pattern’, and the ‘Alcohol pattern’. The ‘Healthy pattern’ was characterized by higher intake of beans, tofu, vegetable, fish, and fruits. The ‘Processed meat pattern’ was characterized by high consumption of processed meats and instant foods. The ‘Alcohol pattern’ was characterized by a higher intake of alcohol. As a response to the subject's subjective perception of stress, the most answered 'a little' according to age, marital status, occupation, income, residential area, smoking status, drinking status, and exercise status. People whose diets followed the ‘Processed meat’ and ‘Alcohol’ patterns had significantly higher scores on subjective stress perception compared to people following the ’Healthy pattern’.To manage subjective stress, it is more effective to maintain health by relieving stress through a healthy method that combines healthy eating and exercise rather than following an unhealthy diet as characterized by the ‘processed meat’ and ‘alcohol’ dietary patterns.

Many conventional treatments of recurrent corneal erosion have been reported to yield varying degrees of effect. Epithelial basement menmbranectomy, microdiathermy or needle anterior stromal puncture, and excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy have recently been proposed as new treatments for recalcitrant cases of recurrent corneal erosion. We used the Nd:YAG laser to perform anterior stromal puncture of evaluation of therapeutic effects and several advantages effects over conventional treatments. For this purpose, we performed retrospective review of medical records of 7 patients who had been confirmed to have recurrent corneal erosion and given a trial of the Nd:YAG laser anterior stromal puncture due to two or more recurrences in spite of conventional treatments from January 1996 to December 1997. The mean recurrence rate of erosion before anterior stromal puncture and the mean trial number were 1 time(ranging from 1 to 2 times) per month and 4.7 times(ranging from 1 to 10 times), respectively. There were no recurrences after the laser trial in all 7 patients. Compared with various conventional treatments, this study showed the Nd:YAG laser anterior stromal puncture may obtain more permanent healing in mild to moderate epithelial basement membrane dystrophy and traumatic recurrent corneal erosion.
Basement Membrane ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Medical Records ; Needles ; Punctures* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Many conventional treatments of recurrent corneal erosion have been reported to yield varying degrees of effect. Epithelial basement menmbranectomy, microdiathermy or needle anterior stromal puncture, and excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy have recently been proposed as new treatments for recalcitrant cases of recurrent corneal erosion. We used the Nd:YAG laser to perform anterior stromal puncture of evaluation of therapeutic effects and several advantages effects over conventional treatments. For this purpose, we performed retrospective review of medical records of 7 patients who had been confirmed to have recurrent corneal erosion and given a trial of the Nd:YAG laser anterior stromal puncture due to two or more recurrences in spite of conventional treatments from January 1996 to December 1997. The mean recurrence rate of erosion before anterior stromal puncture and the mean trial number were 1 time(ranging from 1 to 2 times) per month and 4.7 times(ranging from 1 to 10 times), respectively. There were no recurrences after the laser trial in all 7 patients. Compared with various conventional treatments, this study showed the Nd:YAG laser anterior stromal puncture may obtain more permanent healing in mild to moderate epithelial basement membrane dystrophy and traumatic recurrent corneal erosion.
Basement Membrane ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Medical Records ; Needles ; Punctures* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Mesenteric inflammatory pseudotumor in infants is a rare disease entity. To our knowledge, only scattered reports of this condition have appeared in the literature in English and there is no previously published report in Korean. We describe a case of mesenteric inflammatory pseudotumor in an infant. Ultrasonography revealed an inhomogeneous solid mass with hypervascularity, contrast-enhanced CT showed a large, inhomogeneous mass with ill defined hypo and hyperattenuated areas.
Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Humans ; Infant* ; Rare Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Mesenteric inflammatory pseudotumor in infants is a rare disease entity. To our knowledge, only scattered reports of this condition have appeared in the literature in English and there is no previously published report in Korean. We describe a case of mesenteric inflammatory pseudotumor in an infant. Ultrasonography revealed an inhomogeneous solid mass with hypervascularity, contrast-enhanced CT showed a large, inhomogeneous mass with ill defined hypo and hyperattenuated areas.
Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Humans ; Infant* ; Rare Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography