Pseudohypopyon of tumor cells can be found in patient with intraocular tumor. This condition resembles true hypopyon of iridocyclitis. Paracentesis of the anterior chamber may be undertaken to find malignant cells. A 68 year old Korean man with bronchogenic carcinoma was found to have a tumor mass in the root of iris, pseudohypopyon and secondary glaucoma as. Anterior chamber tapping was failed to show tumor cells. Any inflammatory cell was not found in the anterior chamber tapping.
Aged ; Anterior Chamber ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic* ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Iridocyclitis ; Iris ; Paracentesis

OBJECTIVES: Schizophrenia patients have deficits of prediction and learning related to dopaminergic dysfunction. It is hypothesized that there would be different characteristics in associative learning of reward approach and loss aversion between controls and patients. METHODS: Participants were 23 healthy participants and 20 out-patients fulfilling criteria for schizophrenia according DSM-IV-TR. Using a monetary incentive contingency reversal task, successful learning rates, numbers of trials and errors till learning, numbers of trials of maintaining learning, response times were measured. Characteristics of learning were compared between controls and patients. RESULTS: Physical anhedonia and PANSS negative symptom scores correlated with the number of trials while loss aversion was maintained. Overall correct response rates were decreased in patient group, particularly during reward approach learning. Patients required more trials and errors to learn reward approach than controls. There were no significant differences in learning performance and reaction times between groups during loss avoidance learning. CONCLUSION: These results support previous reports of deficits in reward-driven learning in schizophrenia. However, anhedonia and negative symptoms were associated with the preserved function of loss avoidance learning.
Anhedonia ; Avoidance Learning ; Humans ; Learning ; Motivation ; Outpatients ; Reaction Time ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Reward ; Schizophrenia

Rosacea is a disease of skin and eye that is widely underdiagnosed by ophthalmologists. Rosacea is a common chronic skin disease in Caucacian, affecting flush areas of the face that include the skin, cheeks, nose, and forehead. Ocular manifestations of rosacea mainly involve the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. These include blepharitis, meibomitis, chalazia, styes, and diffusely hyperemic conjunctiva. The cornea is involved with superior punctate epithelial erosions and is most severely involved by a peripheral vascularization, usually of the lower twothirds of the cornea followed by subepithelial infiltrates. A 18 year old Korean lady was found to have hyperemic conjunctiva, chronic recurrent multiple erythematous pustular skin lesion in the face. Systemic administration of tetracycline and penglobe resulted in marked improvement in the signs and symptoms of disease. Topical corticosteroid 0.5% and chloramphenicol 0.5% also improved the manifestations of ocular rosacea.
Adolescent ; Blepharitis ; Chalazion ; Cheek ; Chloramphenicol ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Hordeolum ; Humans ; Nose ; Rosacea* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Tetracycline

Behcet's disease is a chronic, multi systemic disorder affecting mainly young, adult males. The clinical course of Behcet's disease is characterized by exacerbation and remissons of unpredictable duration and frequency. The common underlying histopathologic lesion is a vasculitis. Loss of vision in Behcet's disease is one of the most frequent and serious of its mainfestations. It was shown as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 261 males(37.5%)and 435 females(62.5%), and this disease occured more often in women than men with a ratio of 1.7 to 1. 2. The mean age of onset was 29 year old and the age of onset reached its peak in the twenties and thirties(67.0%). 3. In topographic distribution, 599 patients(86.1%) were from Seoul, Kyonggido, Inchon, and rests of patients were from Kangwondo, Kyongsangnamdo, Pusan in order. 4. In Shimizu classification, incomplete type was the most numerous with 256 patients(36.8%), and the probable, possible and complete type were observed in order. 5. In major symptoms, oral lesion showed the highest frequency with 674 patients(96.8%), skin lesion in 416 patients(59.8%), genital lesion in 390 patients(56.0%) and ocular lesion in 93 patients(13.4%). In minor symptoms, the arthritis showed the highest frequency with 168 patients(24.1%), Oral lesion appeared in 615 patients(88.4%) and ocular lesion in 22 patients(3.2%)as the initial symptom. 6. Ocular lesions appeared in 158 eyes among 93 patients who had it. The mean age of onset of ocular lesions was 32 yeat old. Cases which the symptom was limited to right eye appeated in 16 patients(172%), the left eye in 12 patients(12.9%) and bilateral in 65 patients(69.9%). It took 43 months in average from the appearance of the initial symptom to that of the ocular lesion and in 22 patients(23.7%), the ocular lesions appeared at first. In ocular lesions, iritis and hypopyon which appeared in 127 eyes(80.4%) showed the hilithest frequency and the vitreous opacity, complicated cataract, retinal degeneration, conjunctivitis, complicated glaucoma, retinal hemorrhage and chorioretinitis were observed in order. 7. The visual acuity of 47 eyes(32.7%) belowed 0.01 and 25 eyes which were treated over 24 months showed marked loss of vision, mostly. 8. In 10 among 93 patients with ocular lesion, HLA antigen was examined, HLA-B5 detected in 6 patients, HLA-Bw51 in 4 patients and HLA-DRw8 in 5 patients.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Arthritis ; Busan ; Cataract ; Chorioretinitis ; Classification ; Conjunctivitis ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Glaucoma ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Incheon ; Iritis ; Male ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Seoul ; Sex Distribution ; Skin ; Vasculitis ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Cholesterol* ; Coronary Angiography* ; Embolism, Cholesterol*

BACKGROUND: Dermatophytoses are common disorders. Prevalence of dermatophytoses is not static but dynamic under the influence of various forces such as climate, migration of people and development of prophylaxis and therapy. OBJECTIVE: This study was made in order to investigate the clinical and mycological status of dermatophytoses in soldiers of Kangwon province, such as incidence and monthly distribution of the diseases and a variety of the causative organisms. METHODS: We performed the clinical and mycological study on 177 patients with dermatophytoses which was diagnosed by KOH examination and fungal culture at the outpatient department of dermatology of Chuncheon Armed Forces General Hospital from October, 1997 to September, 1998. RESULTS: The incidence of dermatophytoses was 12.7% of a total of 1393 outpatients. Tinea pedis(47.5%) developed most frequently, followed by tinea cruris(29.9%), tinea manus (10.2%), tinea corporis(5.6%), tinea faciale(3.4%), tinea unguium(2.8%), and tinea capitis(0.6%) in decreasing order. The mean age of the patients was 21.9 years(range, 20-24). The incidence of dermatophytoses by rank was highest in private 1st class group(32.8%), followed by corporal group(28.8%), private group(24.3%), sergeant group(13.6%), and new private group(0.6%) in decreasing order. There were coexisting fungal infections in 27 patients(15.3%), and the case of tinea pedis with tinea unguium was the most common. The positive rate of KOH examination was 96.6% and the positive rate of fungal culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar media with cycloheximide was 66.1%. The most common organism cultured was Trichophyton(T.) rubrum(94.0%), followed by T. mentagrophtes(5.1%) and T. verrucosum(0.9%). CONCLUSION:These results are higher incidence of dermatophytoses than those of previous studies. The incidence of tinea pedis was also higher than the previous studies. These are probably due to tight-fitting army boots in summer and spreading of infection among non-infected soldiers living together. The most common causative organism was T. rubrum.
Agar ; Arm ; Climate ; Cycloheximide ; Dermatology ; Gangwon-do* ; Glucose ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Military Personnel* ; Onychomycosis ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Tinea Pedis ; Tinea*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency distribution and causes of death according to number of days after stroke. METHOD: We reviewed in 158 cases of the stroke patients who had died in hospitalization from January 2000 to June 2002 by medical records retrospectively. We evaluated the correlations between the frequency of death and causes of death by frequency analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 65.8 11.5 years old and average survival days after stroke were 16.2 24.1 days. The proportion of stroke subtypes were infarct (51.3%), intracranial hemorrhage (36.7%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (12.0%). The frequency of death at 7 days and 30 days after stroke onset were 52.5% and 89.2%, respectively. The most frequent cause of death was respiratory arrest due to transtentorial herniation or brain stem lesion (48.1%), followed in frequency by pneumonia (22.2%), cardiac origin (10.8%), and vasospasm (6.3%). Within the first 30 days, the leading cause of death was respiratory arrest due to transtentorial herniation or brain stem lesion. After the first 30 days, the most frequent cause of death was pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are valuable as basic data of mortality and causes of death after stroke during an acute stroke management and early rehabilitation.
Brain Stem ; Cause of Death* ; Hospitalization* ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) is a recently recognized malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland. About 14 cases of SMECE have been reported and this is the first reported case in Korea. A 57-year-old woman presented with right neck mass for 20 years. Total thyroidectomy was performed under the impression of thyroid carcinoma. The resected thyroid gland showed a poorly circumscribed hard mass. Histologically, the tumor consisted of solid nests of large atypical cells with dense fibrous stroma. The tumor cells showed squamoid appearance with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were also rare mucin-containing cells within the nests. Within the hyalinized stroma, numerous eosinophils were found. The surrounding thyroid parenchyma displayed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. There was metastasis in a regional lymph node. Two years after initial surgery, she underwent a modified radical neck dissection due to recurrent neck mass. After the radiation therapy for eight weeks, laryngectomy and esophagectomy were performed due to a recurrent carcinoma in the esophageal wall. We report an additional case of SMECE, with metastasis to regional lymph nodes and esophagus. The tumor appears to be more aggressive than previously reported and a correct diagnosis can be rendered by just examining the metastatic lesions.
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/surgery ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/secondary* ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/complications ; Case Report ; Eosinophilia/pathology ; Eosinophilia/complications* ; Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms/secondary* ; Female ; Human ; Laryngectomy ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Age ; Recurrence ; Sclerosis ; Thyroid Gland/pathology* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/complications ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/complications

PURPOSE: Adjuvant radiotherapy of breast cancer using a photon tangential field incurs a risk of late heart and lung toxicity. The use of free breathing (FB), expiration breath hold (EBH), and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) during tangential breast radiotherapy as a means of reducing irradiated lung and heart volume was evaluated. METHODS: In 10 women with left-sided breast cancer (mean age, 44 years) post-operative computed tomography (CT) scanning was done under different respiratory conditions using FB, EBH, and DIBH in 3 CT scans. For each scan, an optimized radiotherapy plan was designed with 6 MV photon tangential fields encompassing the clinical target volume after breast-conserving surgery. RESULTS: The results of dose-volume histograms were compared using three breathing pattern techniques for the irradiated volume and dose to the heart. A significant reduction dose to the irradiated heart volume for the DIBH breathing technique was compared to FB and EBH breathing techniques (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the irradiated heart volume can be significantly reduced in patients with left-sided breast cancer using the DIBH breathing technique for tangential radiotherapy.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cardiac Volume ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Lung ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Respiration

OBJECTIVE: Neurosurgeons occasionally advocated intraoperative ventriculostomy to prevent traumatic brain retraction because of severe brain swelling in an acute stage of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) surgery. The authors investigated the impact of the intraoperative ventriculostomy on the occurrence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in acute SAH. METHODS: The data of 141 ruptured aneurysm patients who underwent aneurysmal neck clipping in an acute stage were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage amount via intraoperative ventriculostomy. Group 1 (n=44) included the patients who were not performed the intraoperative ventriculostomy, Group 2 (n=34) consisted of patients who were drained the CSF less than 40 cc (< 40 cc) via intraoperative ventriculostomy, and Group 3 (n=63) drained the CSF more than 40 cc (> or = 40 cc). By using statistical methods, the authors analyzed the influences of various variables including Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade, Glasgow coma scale, Glasgow outcome scale, presence of acute hydrocephalus and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) at admission on the occurrence of hydrocephalus. And also, we analyzed the relationships among the cisternal drainage, lamina terminalis fenestration, and the shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. RESULTS: Concerning the amount of CSF drainage via intraoperative ventriculostomy, the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus did not show any difference in three groups (p=0.146). Presence of the acute hydrocephalus, lamina terminalis fenestration, and cisternal drainage did not exert any influence on the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, respectively (p=0.124, p=0.168, p=0.452). However, the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients who had IVH at admission was significantly higher than in who did not have (p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Routine intraoperative ventriculostomy dose not increase the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. Moreover, it obtains an adequate intraoperative brain relaxation, which results in the decrease of the brain retraction injury and the operation time.
Aneurysm* ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Drainage ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Hypothalamus ; Incidence ; Neck ; Relaxation ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Ventriculostomy*