No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome* ; Turner Syndrome*

During last many decades, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was the main treatment of choice for metastatic castration-naïve prostate cancer (mCNPC). However, there are now more possible treatment options for mCNPC. In CHAARTED, GETUG-AFU 15, and STAMPEDE trial, docetaxel added to ADT improved overall survival compared to ADT alone in mCNPC. Also, STAMPEDE and LATITUDE trial revealed that abiraterone added to ADT improved overall survival compared to ADT alone for mCNPC patient. Furthermore, ARCHES and ENZAMET trial showed that enzalutamide added to ADT also can be a treatment option for mCNPC. Apalutamide added to ADT also improved survival compared to ADT alone in castration resistant prostate cancer patient. The usefulness of radiation therapy to primary tumor in mCNPC has also been studied in HORRAD and STAMPEDE trial. There are many ongoing trials for mCNPC setting. The aim of this paper is to review the current status of mCNPC management options. (Korean J Urol Oncol 2020;18:11-17)

PURPOSE: Previous studies have revealed that tamsulosin is effective in improving lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile functioning but has some inhibitory effects on ejaculation, including decreased ejaculatory volume. However, these inhibitory effects on ejaculation can be beneficial to patients with premature ejaculation (PE). Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the effect of tamsulosin on PE in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients who visited with LUTS were categorized into 2 groups of LUTS-only patients (n=12) and LUTS combined with PE (LUTS+PE) patients (n=17), and 0.4 mg of tamsulosin was administered to the patients of both groups for 12 weeks. Comparative analyses of before and after the treatment were conducted for calculating the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), and premature ejaculation profile (PEP). The patients with an IPSS score of 8 or higher were determined as LUTS patients, and the patients with IELT of less than 2 minutess and a PEDT score of 9 or higher were determined as PE patients. RESULTS: After treatment, the IPSS score significantly decreased in both groups. There was no statistically significant change in the PEDT for the LUTS group, but there was a significant decrease in PEDT (p=0.012; from 12.1+/-3.31 to 8.4+/-4.49) in the LUTS+PE group. CONCLUSIONS: Tamsulosin not only has a treatment effect for LUTS but also improves the PE of LUTS+PE patients. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm the effects of tamsulosin on PE.
Ejaculation ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

PURPOSE: Previous studies have revealed that tamsulosin is effective in improving lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile functioning but has some inhibitory effects on ejaculation, including decreased ejaculatory volume. However, these inhibitory effects on ejaculation can be beneficial to patients with premature ejaculation (PE). Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the effect of tamsulosin on PE in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients who visited with LUTS were categorized into 2 groups of LUTS-only patients (n=12) and LUTS combined with PE (LUTS+PE) patients (n=17), and 0.4 mg of tamsulosin was administered to the patients of both groups for 12 weeks. Comparative analyses of before and after the treatment were conducted for calculating the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), and premature ejaculation profile (PEP). The patients with an IPSS score of 8 or higher were determined as LUTS patients, and the patients with IELT of less than 2 minutess and a PEDT score of 9 or higher were determined as PE patients. RESULTS: After treatment, the IPSS score significantly decreased in both groups. There was no statistically significant change in the PEDT for the LUTS group, but there was a significant decrease in PEDT (p=0.012; from 12.1+/-3.31 to 8.4+/-4.49) in the LUTS+PE group. CONCLUSIONS: Tamsulosin not only has a treatment effect for LUTS but also improves the PE of LUTS+PE patients. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm the effects of tamsulosin on PE.
Ejaculation ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

OBJECTIVES: We examined the effect of sildenafil citrate on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) release in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells. METHODS: Cells were incubated with control bovine serum albumin (BSA) or AGEs-BSA, and expression of sFlt-1 mRNA and protein release was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. AGEs-BSA increased sFlt-1 mRNA expression and protein release in a dose-dependent manner. RESULTS: Sildenafil citrate suppressed sFlt-1 mRNA expression and protein release in cells treated with AGEs-BSA in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, it inhibited the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NF-kappaB activity in these cells. Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) and bilirubin also inhibited sFlt-1 release and ROS production in cells treated with AGEs-BSA, whereas zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX) antagonized the effect of sildenafil citrate. In cells transfected with the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) siRNA, sildenafil citrate failed to inhibit the sFlt-1 release and ROS production. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that sildenafil citrate inhibits sFlt-1 release and ROS production in cells treated with AGEs-BSA through upregulation of the HO-1 expression in JEG-3 cells.
Bilirubin ; Choriocarcinoma ; Citric Acid ; Cobalt ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Glycosylation End Products, Advanced ; Heme Oxygenase-1* ; NF-kappa B ; Pregnancy ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Up-Regulation* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 ; Zinc ; Sildenafil Citrate

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to consider the clinical experience of an ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted resection (Mammotome) for benign breast lesions through a core needle biopsy. METHODS: The authors carried out a core needle biopsy and Mammotome for 347 patients and investigated the pathologic results. RESULTS: The significant difference of core needle biopsy and Mammotome results was demonstrated, Spearman correlation coefficient is 0.413 in a correlation analysis. CONCLUSION: This experience suggest Mammotome is a useful procedure for providing more correct pathologic findings through complete resection of benign breast lesions.
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast ; Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Mammography ; Needles

PURPOSE: In comminuted intertrochanteric fractures, various operative options have been introduced. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in clinical and radiologic outcomes among bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BH), compression hip screw (CHS) and proximal femur nail antirotation (PFNA) in treating comminuted intertrochanteric fractures (AO/OTA classification, A2 [22, 23]) MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated total 150 patients (BH, 50; CHS, 50; PFNA, 50) who were operated due to intertrochanteric fractures from March 2010 to December 2012 and were older than 65 years at the time of surgery. We compared these three groups for radiologic and clinical outcomes at 12 months postoperatively, including Harris Hip Score, mobility (Koval stage), visual analogue scale and radiologic limb length discrepancy (shortening). RESULTS: There was no statistical significance among three groups in clinical outcomes including Harris Hip Score, mobility (Koval stage), visual analogue scale. However, there was significant differences in radiologic limb discrepancy in plain radiographs at 12 months postoperatively (radiologic shortening: BH, 2.3 mm; CHS, 5.1 mm; PFNA, 3.0 mm; P=0.000). CONCLUSION: There were no clinical differences among BH, PFNA, and CHS in this study. However, notable limb length shortening could be originated during fracture healing in osteosynthesis, compared to arthroplasty (BH Arthroplasty ; Classification ; Extremities ; Femur* ; Fracture Healing ; Hemiarthroplasty* ; Hip Fractures* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: In general, the results and prognosis of surgical treatment in dialysis patients are poor compared to patients with normal kidney function. This study analyzes the complications in chronic renal failure patients who underwent primary hip arthroplasty for hip fractures and arthropathy. Orthopaedic complications and medical complications were analyzed for a consequential difference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2008, 38 dialysis patients (40 cases) with chronic renal failure were enrolled with 24 cases of bipolar hemiarthroplasty and 16 cases of total hip arthroplasty. Types and rates of orthopaedic and medical complications were investigated. Patients were classified according to age, gender, duration of dialysis and diabetes mellitus status. Complications were analyzed for each group. RESULTS: Complications occurred in 15 patients (overall complication rate: 37.5%). Eight patients were died within 1 year (mortality: 20%). Gender and duration of dialysis were not correlated to number of complications. However, there were significant differences according to age (p=0.014) and having diabetes (p=0.026). With regard to mortality, there was no significant difference according to the above classification. CONCLUSION: Patients on hemodialysis have a high risk of complications after primary hip arthroplasty, especially in elderly patients and diabetic patients. Therefore, we require a full disclosure before recommending hip arthroplasty surgery in dialysis patients, and close postoperative care in patients undergoing dialysis.
Aged ; Arthroplasty ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dialysis ; Disclosure ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Postoperative Care ; Prognosis ; Renal Dialysis

White mold (orSclerotinia stem rot), caused bySclerotinia species, is a major air, soil, or seed-transmitted disease affecting numerous crops and wild plants. Microscopic or culturebased methods currently available for their detection and identification are time-consuming, laborious, and often erroneous. Therefore, we developed a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the discrimination, detection, and quantification of DNA collected from each of the three economically relevant Sclerotinia species, namely, S. sclerotiorum, S. minor, and S. nivalis. TaqMan primer/probe combinations specific for each Sclerotiniaspecies were designed based on the gene sequences encoding aspartyl protease. High specificity and sensitivity of each probe were confirmed for sclerotium and soil samples, as well as pure cultures, using simplex and multiplex qPCRs. This multiplex assay could be helpful in detecting and quantifying specific species of Sclerotinia, and therefore, may be valuable for disease diagnosis, forecasting, and management.

Background: Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms of mature adipose tissue commonly occurring in the trunk or extremities. But, intraoral lipomas are rare entities which may be only noticed during routine dental examinations. Especially intramuscular lipomas on the tongue have been reported very rarely. In this study, we report a case of intramuscular lipoma on tongue, with a review of the literature from 1978 to 2019, providing data on age, gender, location, presenting symptoms, size, surgical methods, and recurrence.Case presentationA case of intramuscular lipoma occurring in tongue region in a 65-year-old male is reported. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for the lesion. In order to decrease the deformity and discomfort after the excision, we tried to modify surgical technique using enveloped mucosal flap. This technique provided more comfortable healing procedure on the operative site without recurrence. Conclusion This is a rare case of large intramuscular lipoma on tongue. Surgical excision with enveloped mucosal flap design was performed to diminish postoperative raw surface and discomfort and a 24-month follow-up showed excellent healing without any recurrence. A case of intramuscular lipoma on tongue and relevant literature reviews are presented in this study.