No Abstract Available.
Pterygium*

No abstract available.
Arteritis* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Nephritis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

No abstract available.
Bacteria, Anaerobic*

No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Female ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

BACKGROUND: The self-inflating bag-valve resuscitator is an useful breathing support equipment in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the transportation of patients who required ventilation assist, or respiratory therapy. The inspiratory oxygen concentration (FiO2) or tidal volume (VT) delivered to the patient depends on various conditions during bag-valve ventilation. METHODS: During bag-valve ventilation without a reservoir at oxygen flow rates of 10 l/min, we evaluated fifty six volunteers to determine the FiO2 and VT at ventilatory frequencies of 10, 12 and 15 cycles per minute and to observe the effect of hand size and grasp power on FiO2 and VT in two-hand compression methods. RESULT: The FiO2 at frequency of 10 cycles/min were 50.1% and it was higher than other ventilatory frequencies. However, the VT was not statistically different among the changes of ventilatory frequency. In the change of VT according to characteristics of the hand, the operator's hand size exerted influence on VT(larger vs. smaller ; 942ml vs. 885ml, p<0.05), but the grasp power of the hand did not significantly affect. Separate analyses with size or grasp power of the hand failed to reveal significant differences of the FiO2. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a slowing of ventilatory frequency within the allowable ranges for adequate gas exchange increase the FiO2 during bag-valve ventilation without reservoir, and that hand size may exert influence on the VT without FiO2 changes but grasp power may not be a contributing factor to the VT or FiO2 changes.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Hand Strength ; Hand* ; Humans ; Oxygen* ; Respiration ; Respiratory Therapy ; Tidal Volume* ; Transportation of Patients ; Ventilation* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: In the treatment of rectal cancer, sphincter saving resection is increased but low anterior resection is limited in treatment for low rectal cancer below 4 cm from the anal verge. In other reports intersphincteric resection can allow an oncologically safe resection margin and has good functional results in very low rectal cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the morbidity, mortality and the oncological and functional results of intersphincteric resection. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2002, 18 patients (mean age 54 years, range 35~70) with adenocarcinoma of the rectum underwent intersphincteric resection by an transanal approach with a colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis and ileostomy. The mean distance between the tumor and anal verge was 3.75 (range 2.5~5) cm. Patients with T3 lesion were 8 and they were received preoperative radiochemotherapy. Others with T2 lesion were not received preoperative radiochemotherapy. RESULTS: There was no postoperative mortality and local recurrance after median follow up of 32 (18~54) months. Morbidity occurred in 9 patient but were not serious. Two anastomotic leakages occurred. One was recovered after only conservative therapy, but the other one was received colostomy because of functional problem. Downstaging was observed in 62.5% (5/8) of the patients. Continence was good (Kirwan classification I, II) in 72% (13/18) of patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intersphincteric resection can be an alternative procedure to abdominoperineal resection for very low rectal cancer without losing chance of cure.
Adenocarcinoma ; Anastomotic Leak ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Classification ; Colon ; Colonic Pouches ; Colostomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Mortality ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to review the complications associated with ileostomy, colostomy construction and subsequent closure. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 74 patients with ileostomy and colostomy closure from August 1, 1995 to June 30, 1999. RESULTS: The complications of stoma construction occurred in 15 patients (20.3%) among 74 patients: skin problem in 10 cases, prolapse in 4 cases, and stoma necrosis, retraction and stenosis in 1 case, respectively. Factors such as age, underlying pathology, type of stoma did not contribute to the complications of stoma construction. Complications of stoma closure occured in 15 patients (20.3%): wound problem in 9 cases, enterocolitis in 4 cases and anastomotic leakage in 2 cases. With respect to stoma closure, only old age was associated with increased morbidity (P<0.05), rather than method of closure, time interval to closure, or type of stoma. Mean operation time for simple closure was 122.2 minutes and 204 minutes for resection and anastomosis. The mean hospital stay was 9.6 days for simple closure and 13 days for resection and anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity associated with stoma construction and subsequent closure was appreciable. There were no specific risk factors influencing the complications of ileostomy or colostomy construction, but old age increased morbidity after closure.
Anastomotic Leak ; Colostomy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Enterocolitis ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Length of Stay ; Necrosis ; Pathology ; Prolapse ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Skin ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: To identify the effects of the locations of brain lesion on sexual function in stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was conducted on 109 male stroke patients(mean age: 64.93+/-8.81 yr.) diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography at least 6 months before study(mean duration of disease: 24.4+/-16.7 mo.). A normal age-matched control group included 109 men(mean age: 64.7+/-8.9 yr.). Each subject completed the 5-item Version of the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF-5) to measure the changes of sexual desire, ejaculation function, and sexual satisfaction. RESULTS: Statistically lower sexual function was found in the stroke patient group(IIEF-5; 5.9+/-7.0) compared with the normal control group(IIEF-5; 10.7+/-7.1)(p<0.01). In cases where brain lesions were seen in the right frontal lobe and the right pons after stroke, erectile function was significantly reduced. In cases of brain lesion in the right cerebellum, ejaculation disorder was frequently reported. In cases where the brain lesion was located in the right thalamus and the left basal ganglia, significantly lower sexual desire was found. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual function is significantly lower in stroke patients. Injury to the right frontal lobe and right pons is linked to reduce sexual function; lesions to the right cerebellum are associated with ejaculation disorder; and lesions located in the right thalamus and the left basal ganglia are significantly associated with reduced desire.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Ejaculation ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male* ; Pons ; Stroke* ; Thalamus