PURPOSE: To report cases of corneal perforation among corneas treated with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. METHODS: We performed cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive application on 1 case of corneal perforation due to fungal keratitis, one case of corneal perforation due to neurotrophic keratitis, one case of corneal fistula due to foreign body and one case of corneal perforation due to corneal stromal dystrophy. After cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive removal, amniotic membrane transplantation was conducted in two cases, and keratoplaty was performed in another two cases. RESULTS: Postoperative follow-up period was 12 months on average. In all four cases, ocular integrity was successfully restored. There was no sign of recurrence, infection or inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive monotherpy can restore ocular integrity successfully in various type of corneal perforation and After cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive removal, amniotic membrane transplantation and keratoplaty can be performed additionally.
Amnion ; Cornea ; Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary ; Corneal Perforation* ; Cyanoacrylates* ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Inflammation ; Keratitis ; Recurrence ; Tissue Adhesives*

We experienced 3 cases of food-borne botulism within a family. They presented with progressive ptosis, dysphonia, dysarthria and limb weakness, which had started about 12 hours after ingestion of vacuum-packed sausage. Two cases progressed to respiratory failure. Botulinum toxin A was detected from the stool sample of one case. Conservative treatment with mechanical ventilation was done and they recovered from respiratory failure over a 30-70 days period. This is the first case report of food-borne botulism in Korea.
Botulinum Toxins ; Botulism* ; Dysarthria ; Dysphonia ; Eating ; Extremities ; Humans ; Korea ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) use also causes osteopenia or osteoporosis that have been most extensively described in institutionalized patients. But, the mechanism of these abnormalities is unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of AED on bone density and to explain the pathophysiologic mechanisms by analyzing bone related factors. METHODS: We prospectively examined BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 45 patients with epilepsy. We measured the serum calcium, phosphorus, protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone specific ALP, vitamin D and osteocalcin to analyze the factors that influence bone metabolism. RESULTS: BMD was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05). 13% of patients had osteopenia and 3% of patients had osteoporosis. The level of bone specific ALP was higher in the patient group, but the level of vitamin D was not different, implying that BMD is decreased by the direct effect of antiepileptic drugs. There was a weak negative correlation and marginal significance between BMD and the duration of therapy in the patient group (r=-0.407, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term antiepileptic drug therapy in patients who have seizures causes significant bone loss in the lumbar spine even in the absence of vitamin D deficiency. In addition, the degree of bone mineral density was weakly related with the therapeutic duration of antiepileptic drugs. The regular evaluation of BMD in patients with long-term antiepileptic drugs might be helpful to prevent decreases in BMD.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anticonvulsants* ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcium ; Drug Therapy ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoporosis ; Phosphorus ; Prospective Studies ; Seizures ; Spine ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency

Ictal vomiting is a rare clinical manifestation of temporal lobe epilepsy. This manifestation is considered a clinical lateralizing sign pointing toward seizure activity within the nondominant temporal lobe. However, we have experienced a case of ictal vomiting associated with temporal lobe epilepsy within the dominant hemisphere. The ictal vomiting occurred early in the course of the seizure when rhythmic discharges predominantly involved the left temporal lobe. This patient underwent a left anterior temporal lobectomy and experienced markedly reduced seizure frequency for more than 2 years.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Humans ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe* ; Vomiting*

Bile acids and synthetic its derivatives induced apoptosis in various kinds of cancer cells and had anticancer effects. However, it wasn`t discovered those materials have apoptosis induced effects on osteosarcoma cells. The present study was done to examine the synthetic bile acid derivatives induced apoptosis on osteosarcoma cells and such these apoptosis events. The synthetic bile acid derivatives, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) induced the cell death on human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells contrary to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). HS-1200, a synthetic derivative of CDCAs, was chosen to experiment apoptosis events in HOS cells. HOS cells treated with HS-1200 showed nucleus condensation, cytochrom c release, Bax/Bcl-xL alteration, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Though this study needs more investigations, these in vitro data suggest that treatment of the synthetic bile acid derivatives can give medical therapy on HOS cells.
Apoptosis* ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Bile* ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid ; Humans* ; Osteosarcoma* ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid

The prognostic value of the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been questioned even though it is an accurate marker of left ventricle (LV) systolic dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the prognostic impact of LVEF in patients with AMI with or without high-grade mitral regurgitation (MR). A total of 15,097 patients with AMI who received echocardiography were registered in the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) between January 2005 and July 2011. Patients with low-grade MR (grades 0-2) and high-grade MR (grades 3-4) were divided into the following two sub-groups according to LVEF: LVEF < or = 40% (n = 2,422 and 197, respectively) and LVEF > 40% (n = 12,252 and 226, respectively). The primary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), cardiac death, and all-cause death during the first year after registration. Independent predictors of mortality in the multivariate analysis in AMI patients with low-grade MR were age > or = 75 yr, Killip class > or = III, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide > 4,000 pg/mL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein > or = 2.59 mg/L, LVEF < or = 40%, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, PCI was an independent predictor in AMI patients with high-grade MR. No differences in primary endpoints between AMI patients with high-grade MR (grades 3-4) and EF < or = 40% or EF > 40% were noted. MR is a predictor of a poor outcome regardless of ejection fraction. LVEF is an inadequate method to evaluate contractile function of the ischemic heart in the face of significant MR.
Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease/mortality/*pathology/surgery ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart/radiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/*pathology ; Myocardial Infarction/mortality/*pathology/surgery ; Myocardium/pathology ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke Volume/*physiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/*surgery ; Ventricular Function, Left/physiology

Diverticuli may be either congenital or acquired and may affect either the small or large intestines. Recently, the incidence of colonic diverticular disease is increasing in Korea but that of the small bowel, especially ileum, is very rare. We experienced a case of ileal diverticulitis causing small bowel stenosis. A 62-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of diffuse abdominal pain for several months. Abdominal CT and small bowel series showed thickening of mucosal folds in the distal ileum. Colonoscopic findings revealed edema, mucosal thickening, blood clots, irregular dimpling, and stenosis in the distal ileum. The lesion was resected surgically and diagnosed as diverticulitis with microperforation.
Abdominal Pain ; Colon ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diverticulitis* ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Ileum ; Incidence ; Intestines ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Background and Objectives: Ultimaster™, a third-generation sirolimus-eluting stent using biodegradable polymer, has been introduced to overcome long term adverse vascular events, such as restenosis or stent thrombosis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the 12-month clinical outcomes of Ultimaster™ stents in Korean patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: This study is a multicenter, prospective, observational registry across 12 hospitals. To reflect real-world clinical evidence, non-selective subtypes of patients and lesions were included in this study. The study end point was target lesion failure (TLF) (the composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction [MI], and target lesion revascularization [TLR]) at 12-month clinical follow up. Results: A total of 576 patients were enrolled between November 2016 and May 2021. Most of the patients were male (76.5%), with a mean age of 66.0±11.2 years. Among the included patients, 40.1% had diabetes mellitus (DM) and 67.9% had acute coronary syndrome (ACS).At 12 months, the incidence of TLF was 4.1%. The incidence of cardiac death was 1.5%, MI was 1.0%, TLR was 2.7%, and stent thrombosis was 0.6%. In subgroup analysis based on the presence of ACS, DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or bifurcation, there were no major differences in the incidence of the primary endpoint. Conclusions The present registry shows that Ultimaster™ stent is safe and effective for routine real-world clinical practice in non-selective Korean patients, having a low rate of adverse events at least up to 12 months.

PURPOSE: Differences in the utility of routine angiographic follow-up (RAF) and clinical follow-up (CF) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are not well understood. The present study aimed to compare the 3-year clinical outcomes of RAF and CF in AMI patients who underwent PCI with drug-eluting stents (DES). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 774 consecutive AMI patients who underwent PCI with DES were enrolled. RAF was performed at 6 to 9 months after index PCI (n=425). The remaining patients were medically managed and clinically followed (n=349); symptom-driven events were captured. To adjust for any potential confounders, a propensity score matched analysis was performed using a logistic regression model, and two propensity-matched groups (248 pairs, n=496, C-statistic=0.739) were generated. Cumulative clinical outcomes up to 3 years were compared between RAF and CF groups. RESULTS: During the 3-year follow-up period, the cumulative incidences of revascularization [target lesion revascularization: hazard ratio (HR), 2.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–4.85; p=0.015, target vessel revascularization (TVR): HR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.69–6.58; p=0.001, non-TVR: HR, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.90–16.6; p=0.002] and major adverse cardiac events (MACE; HR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.92–5.73; p<0.001) were significantly higher in the RAF group than the CF group. However, the 3-year incidences of death and myocardial infarction were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: RAF following index PCI with DES in AMI patients was associated with increased incidences of revascularization and MACE. Therefore, CF seems warranted for asymptomatic patients after PCI for AMI.
Coronary Angiography ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* ; Propensity Score

PURPOSE: To report an epidemiologic study of keratoplasty in which we analyze basic data of corneal transplants and corneal donations in Korea. METHODS: From June 2004 through October 2004, questionnaires were distributed to 25 hospitals. The questionnaires were about the characteristics of patients registered in eye banks for keratoplasty from May 2001 to April 2003, and about the results of keratoplasties performed from May 2002 to April 2003. RESULTS: The leading corneal diseases in patients registered for keratoplasty were infectious keratitis (22.0%), trauma (21.0%), and pseudophakic and aphakic bullous keratopathy (13.8%), in that order. The leading indications in corneal recipients were: trauma (15.5%), pseudophakic and aphakic bullous keratopathy (13.7%), and infectious keratitis (10.7%), in that order. In 233 cases of keratoplasties, penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 229 cases (98.3%) and lamellar keratoplasty was performed in 4 cases (1.7%). The most common combined surgery was cataract extraction. Common causes of graft failure were rejection of donor cornea and infection. Imported donor corneas were used in sixty-one cases (26.2%) among the 233 total keratoplasties. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed an epidemiologic data base of patients registered for keratoplasty, corneal donation, and the results of keratoplasties throughout Korea.
Cataract Extraction ; Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Eye Banks ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Korea* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants