The Epidemiological study of glaucoma in Korean is essential because the prevalence and distribution of glaucoma can be different among race and country. We surveyed the prevalence and distribution of glaucoma in Korean careerrnen aged 20 years or older who visited Yongdong Severance Hospital to undergo a regular physical examination during the year of 1992 and the total number of subjects examined was 4959 adults. A mainstay of the screening consisted of applanation tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy, followed by automatic perimetry as a recall examination. Patients with suspected abnormalities in either the IOP >or=22mmHg or the optic disc findings such as high cup/disc ratio (>or=0.7) were referred for recall examination as the second stage of the visual field test. Overall prevalence of glaucoma obtained was 2.04% (101 patients) and the most common type of glaucoma was low tension glaucoma, 1.71% (85 patients). The prevalence of glaucoma increase with aging especially in low tension glaucoma.
Adult ; Aging ; Continental Population Groups ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Manometry ; Mass Screening ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence* ; Visual Field Tests

No abstract available.
Genetic Therapy* ; Oligonucleotides*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Soil*

Ovarian mature cystic teratoma containing benign prostatic tissue is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a case of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary containing prostatic tissue. A 23-year-old female patient came to our hospital complaining of irregular menstruation for 3 months. Her menarche had occurred when she was 13 years old. The patient showed no evidence of virilization nor of endocrinopathy. A goose-egg-sized mass was palpable in the left lower abdomen on physical examination. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic ovarian mass with internal echogenecity. Microscopic finding was consistent with that of usual mature cystic teratoma except for a 1.5 cm focus of prostatic and bladder tissues. Prostatic tissue demonstrated strong immunoreactivity for prostatic specific antigen (PSA), prostatic alkaline phosphatase (PAP) and cytokeratin 7. Basal cells of the prostate glands were positive for high molecular weight cytokeratin (34betaE12). Although ovarian mature cystic teratoma containing prostatic tissue has been reported as a rare occurrence, a careful examination with immunohistochemical staining may increase the detection of prostatic tissue in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.
Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; Keratins ; Menarche ; Menstruation ; Molecular Weight ; Ovary ; Physical Examination ; Prostate ; Teratoma* ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Virilism ; Young Adult

Early detection of glaucoma by mass screening is the most practical approach for prevention of blindness. An epidemIOlogical study gives the most essential information on prevalence an distribution of the disease in relation to diverse background factors. But, before now, an epidemiological study for glaucoma has not been carried out in Korea. Our glaucoma survey was conducted in the health examination center of Yongdong Severance hospital during 1990 and 1991. The total numbers of subjects examined was 4424 persons aged 30 years or older. A mainstay of the screening consisted of applanation tonometry and fundus photography with a non-mydriatic camera, followed by automated perimetry as a recall examination. Overall prevalences of glaucoma obtained were primary open angle glaucoma 0.23% (10 patients), low tension glaucoma 2.04% (108 patients), and ocular hypertension 0.23% (10 patients). The mean lOP obtained with applanation tonometry was 14.04 +/- 2.99 mmHg for men and 14,07 +/- 2.67 mmHg for women. In additon, our data have pointed out that the lOP in different ages tends to be constant, whereas prevalences of glaucoma and low tension glaucoma increase with aging.
Adult* ; Aging ; Blindness ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Korea ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Male ; Manometry ; Mass Screening ; Ocular Hypertension ; Photography ; Prevalence* ; Visual Field Tests

It was previously reported that sudden loss of central vision and small residual fields in advanced glaucomatous eyes after filtering surgery. This study was undertaken to assess the risk of sudden wipe-out phenomenon on 57 eyes of advanced glaucomatous patients who could be followed up at least 8 weeks after filterlng surgery. The eyes were classified into three categones according to the seventy of visual field loss, evaluated with Humphrey computerized visual field analyzer and Goldmann perimetry using target with I-4-e. Sudden wipe-out phenomenon was divided into absolute and relative. The former was sudden complete loss of central vision immediately after filtering surgery. The latter was visual acuity decreasing 2 or more lines in Snellen visual acuity chart compared with before surgery or obvious progress1on of visual field defect at the t1me of 8 to 1O weeks after surgery However there were no absolute and relative sudden wipe-out phenomenon in our study. In the light of our experiences, it is concluded that filtering surgery can be performed with caution in advanced glaucomatous eye whenever it is indicated.
Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

Measurement of the depth and angle of the anterior chamber can provide valuable information for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of angle closure glaucoma. We measured the depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber in the normal and the angle closure glaucoma eyes by utilizing ultrasonographic biomicroscopy. We also measured the 4 directions of the depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber and iris thickness before and after dilation in the normal eyes. The mean depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber were 421 +/- 73 micro meter, 30.46 +/- 6.49 degree in the normal eyes and 294 +/- 25 micro meter, 29.12 +/- 3.75 degree in the angle closure glaucoma eyes respectively. The differences of the depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05, respectively). The depth and angle of the peripheral anterior chamber significantly increased after dilation in the normal eyes(P<0.05, respectively). The thickness of the iris was 421 +/- 54 micro meter at the iris root site, 509 +/- 57 micro meter in at the middle site and 582 +/- 74 micro meter at the pupillary margin site.
Anterior Chamber* ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Iris* ; Microscopy, Acoustic* ; Prognosis

To find the factors that affect on the success rate of the trabeculectomy, we investigated 208 eyes of 158 patients with various types of glaucoma which had undergone trabeculectomy. The patients were followed up at least 3 month postoperatively. The criteria of success was maintenance of postoperative IOP below 21 mmHg. The total success rate was 89.4%. In young patients, the success rate was lower than that of older ones. The success rate of open angle glaucoma, acute angle closure glaucoma and chronic angle closure glaucoma were higher than that of congenital glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Recently performed operation demonstrated higher success rate. The type of conjunctival flap, scleral flap and use of 5-fluorouracil were independent factors that affect on the success rate.
Fluorouracil ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Trabeculectomy*

The "reliability" of a subject's automated perimetric result is generally assessed by three measures: fixation loss, false positive and false negative rates. These reliability indicies were examined for 237 glaucomatous and ocular hypertensive eyes who for the first time underwent visual field testing (central 30-2 test on Humphrey visual field analyzer. Allergan Humphrey). Of the examination results, 11% of subjects were considered unreliable with the use of the manufacturer's reliability criteria. 71% of the unreliable results were due to failure to meet the criterion for fixation loss. The rest 29% were due to high false negative rates. After given reinstruction and more attention to fixation loss throughout the test by the technician, second visual field test was performed. On second examination, 82% of fixation loss and 71% of false negative rate was reduced.
Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

Mitomycin C has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of fibroblasts and it is used as an adjunct to trabeculectomy. To clarify the effects of mitomycin C on trabeculectomy, we ana lysed 95 eyes that received trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and 90 eyes that received trabeculectomy without mitomycin C. There were no significant differences in sex, age, type of glaucoma and preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) between two groups (p>0.05 respectively). The mean rops at 6 months after surgery and the success rate were not significantly different between two groups (p>0.05). But considering the mean IOP of successful cases, the mitomycin C used group showed the lower postoperative IOP(p<0.05). The rate of complete seccess which had no antiglaucoma medications and 5-fluorouracil administration during the postoperative period was higher in the mitomycin C used group (p<0.05). Postoperative complications, espicially hypotony, were more common in the mitomycin C used patients. Hypotony was more frequent in the patients who received brief exposure of mitomycin C. Most of the hypotony patients had primary open angle glaucoma and lower preoperative IOP. According to the results of our study, mitomycin C should be used in the high risk group patients who are young and have secondary glaucoma or history of failure of filtering procedures, and also in the patients with difficulty of postoperative medical treatment and requiring lower IOP.
Fibroblasts ; Fluorouracil ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Trabeculectomy*