No abstract available.
Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Myoma* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor*

PURPOSE: Broselow Tape was designed to estimate endotracheal tube size on the basis of the body length of emergency pediatric patients. It was validated from the United States. We assess the accuracy of the Broselow Tape method for the prediction of endotracheal tube (ETT) size in Korean children. METHODS: We reviewed pediatric anesthetic charts at a tertiary care hospital for one year, and in addition we collected data on gender, age, height, weight and fifth fingernail width for children visiting two tertiary emergency departments over four months. The inclusion criteria were that patients were American System of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade I or II, and that they were within the measuring range of Broselow Tape. The comparison of two data pairs was by cluster analysis and included stratification based on propensity scores, adjusting, and grouping. RESULTS: Five hundred ninety-seven children and 537 pediatric anesthetic charts were included in this study. The mean ETT size as predicted by the Browslow tape method and as actually intubated were 5.12 mm and 5.11 mm (p=0.3851), respectively. The mean ETT size predicted by the 5th fingernail-width method and the age-based method were 5.48 mm (p<0.0001) and 4.95 mm (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the ETT size predicted by Browslow tape method and actual tube size. We conclude that Broselow Tape can be used to predict ETT size for Korean children.
Anesthesiology ; Child* ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Intubation ; Nails ; Propensity Score ; Tertiary Healthcare ; United States

Sweet's syndrome is an uncommon reactive dermatosis characterized by fever, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, painful erythematous cutaneous plaques and dense dermal infiltrate of neutrophils at the skin lesions. Unlike Sweet's syndrome associated with patients with malignancies, autoimmune diseases, antecedent infectons-most commonly the upper respiratory infections, it is reported to be rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we report a rare case of young female with Sweet's syndrome and SLE presenting with high fever.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Neutrophils ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Sweet Syndrome*

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are well known risk factors of intestinal cancer in relation to the extent and duration of disease. Rarely, small bowel cancer can develop after a longstanding inflammation of Crohn's disease with a relatively higher incidence than the general population. Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare condition among intestinal cancers, and the diagnosis or detection is more difficult if the cancer originates from the small bowel. We report a case of a 30-year old female in whom signet ring cell carcinoma of ileum was diagnosed after a 15-year history of Crohn's disease.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/*diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; Colonoscopy ; Crohn Disease/*complications/diagnosis/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Ileal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The aim of this study was to examine the bioactivity and osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant which was modified by an anodic oxidation and a cyclic precalcification treatments. After blasting treatment using HAp (Hydroxyapatitie; HAp) powder which is resorbable blasting media (RBM) on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants, the anodic oxidation treatment and the cyclic precalcification treatment were conducted to form nanotube TiO2 layer and HAp precipitation respectively. The surface morphology of the surface-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant was investigated after immersion in the simulated body fluid(SBF) for 3 days to investigate the bioactivity. To investigate the effect of surface treatment on bonding between the implant and bone, RBM treated implant and RBM-anodization-cyclic precalcification(RACP) treated implant were placed on the distal side of both tibia diaphysis of rats, and then the removal torque of the implant was measured after 4 weeks. On the surface of RACP treated group, bone-like apatite precipitation was observed after immersion in SBF for 3 days. The removal torque was significantly higher in the RACP treated group than in the RBM treated group. The interfacial fracture between the implant and the new bone was observed in the RBM treated group, but both the cohesive fracture at the new bone and the interfacial fractures between the implant and the new bone were observed in the RACP treated group.
Alloys ; Animals ; Diaphyses ; Immersion ; Nanotubes ; Osseointegration ; Rats ; Tibia ; Torque

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of internet addiction and depression, and evaluate other possible related factors. METHODS: Data was based on the questionnaires from 300 college students in Seoul. Gender, age, major, family income, academic performance, people they live with, location, and main use of internet were included. We used Young`s Internet Addiction Test and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) to measure the depression and addiction degree. RESULTS: In logistic regression analysis, it was found that gender, depression degree and main use of internet were significant variables. There were 136 males, 144 females in this study, and the risk of being addicted to internet were 10.9 times(CI:2.67~44.68) higher in male than female. People with moderate depression (Beck`s Depression Inventory(BDI) Score>20) also had higher risk(11.4 times, CI:2.03~63.95) to be addicted in internet than normal group. Lastly, in case of internet use, people who use internet for games and chatting were 6.38(CI:1.38~29.63) and 4.84 times(CI:1.30~18.06) risky compare to the group with web surfing. CONCLUSION: The result of this study suggests that there is noticeable relationship of internet addiction and depression. However we do not have evidence of exact relation between them, therefore more studies should be done.
Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Internet* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To determine the prognostic value of MRI-based tumor regression grading (mrTRG) in rectal cancer compared withpathological tumor regression grading (pTRG), and to assess the effect of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) on interobserveragreement for evaluating mrTRG. Materials and Methods: Between 2007 and 2016, we retrospectively enrolled 321 patients (male:female = 208:113; meanage, 60.2 years) with rectal cancer who underwent both pre-chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and post-CRT MRI. Two radiologistsindependently determined mrTRG using a 5-point grading system with and without DWI in a one-month interval. Two pathologistsgraded pTRG using a 5-point grading system in consensus. Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox-proportional hazard models wereused for survival analysis. Cohen’s kappa analysis was used to determine interobserver agreement. Results: According to mrTRG on MRI with DWI, there were 6 mrTRG 1, 48 mrTRG 2, 109 mrTRG 3, 152 mrTRG 4, and 6 mrTRG 5.By pTRG, there were 7 pTRG 1, 59 pTRG 2, 180 pTRG 3, 73 pTRG 4, and 2 pTRG 5. A 5-year overall survival (OS) was significantlydifferent according to the 5-point grading mrTRG (p= 0.024) and pTRG (p= 0.038). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS)was significantly different among the five mrTRG groups (p= 0.039), but not among the five pTRG groups (p= 0.072). OSand DFS were significantly different according to post-CRT MR variables: extramural venous invasion after CRT (hazard ratio= 2.259 for OS, hazard ratio = 5.011 for DFS) and extramesorectal lymph node (hazard ratio = 2.610 for DFS). For mrTRG, kvalue between the two radiologists was 0.309 (fair agreement) without DWI and slightly improved to 0.376 with DWI. Conclusion mrTRG may predict OS and DFS comparably or even better compared to pTRG. The addition of DWI on T2-weightedMRI may improve interobserver agreement on mrTRG.

BACKGROUND: Depression is known to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conversely, diabetes is also a risk factor for depression, and patients with diabetes have nearly twice the risk of comorbid depression as the general population. Depression in patients with diabetes may cause poor clinical outcomes through lower adherence to self-care activities such as exercise, diet control, and glucose monitoring. Furthermore, diabetic patients with depression are more likely to suffer from microvascular or macrovascular complications. We explored the prevalence of major depressive disorder in Korean diabetic patients and its impact on self-care activities and glucose control. METHODS: We surveyed depressive symptoms and self-care activities in 191 type 2 diabetic patients from the outpatient clinic of the St. Mary's hospital. Two questionnaires were used for assessment, the Harvard Department of Psychiatry/National Depression Screening Day Scale (HANDS) and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). RESULTS: Of the 191 respondents who completed questionnaires, 39 (20.4%) patients were categorized as having major depressive disorder. Among the depressed patients, only six (15.3%) had been previously evaluated and managed for their psychiatric problems. The incidence of depression was significantly higher in female diabetic patients compared to patients without depression (74.4% vs. 45.4%, P<0.001). Patients with depression showed significantly poorer diet control (18.5 vs. 15.9, P = 0.046) and less glucose monitoring (4.1 vs. 2.7, P = 0.047). However, there were no differences in exercise, foot care, or smoking status between the two groups. Additionally, metabolic parameters such as HbA1C and lipid profile were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Many diabetic patients are suffering from depression and exhibit poorer self-care activities than patients without depression. Identifying and managing depressed diabetic patients may help improve their self-care activities.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet ; Female ; Foot ; Glucose ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Self Care ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological

Primary achalasia is a disorder of swallowing in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax. Traditional treatment methods are balloon dilatation and myotomy, but these methods have critical complications and even fatal including esophageal perforation, gastroesophageal reflux, and continuing dysphagia. Botulinum toxin, which has been used for dystonias of skeletal muscles, is presented as a new alternative treatment method for achalasia, aimed to lowering of LES pressure by Pasricha et al. They also reported that endoscopic botulinum toxin injection into LES was effective, safe, and simple method without any significant complication. We report 7 cases of primary achalasia treated with endoscopic botulinum toxin injection, who showed clinical improvement without any complication. We compared results of pre-treatment with those of post-treatment using botulinum toxin in the aspects of clinical, radiological, manometrical recording in these cases. Symptomatic improvement was shown in 4 cases(57.1%), symptom score was decreased from 7.43+/-0.53 to 4.43+/-2.51(p=0.03), The luminal diameter at esophagogastric junction increased from a mean of 3.21+/-0,99 mm to 5.14+/-0.90 mm (p=0.015), and luminal diameter at esophageal body decreased from a mean of 40.29+/-19.37 mm to 32.71+/-15.45 mm (p=0.015). In follow up manometric recording, peristaltic waves at the body were recovered in 2 cases(28.6%), gastroesophageal pressure gradient(AP) was non-significantly decreased from 6.30+/-4.0 mmHg to 3.12+/-4.47 mmHg (p=0.45). One patient complained of transient chest pain within one hour after the botulinum toxin injection, but she did not need any medication. We concluded that botulinum injection was a simple, safe, and effective therapeutic method for primary achalasia, even though further evaluatian should be performed in the much more cases and the results of long term follow-up, and cost-effectiveness of this method.
Botulinum Toxins* ; Chest Pain ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dilatation ; Dystonia ; Esophageal Achalasia* ; Esophageal Perforation ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Phenobarbital

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an environmental factor that causes skin aging, and is also a major factor leading to cumulative alterations of skin structure, function and appearance. To investigate the effects of Selenium (Sel) on UV-induced skin aging, hairless mice were treated for 4 weeks with UV irradiation and topical application of Sel. Then, the effects of Sel were measured in the skin of these mice via histological analysis and Western blotting. According to the results of wrinkle formation analysis, the topical application of Sel induced a reduction in wrinkling formation in the damaged skin of the UV-irradiated mice. Additionally, our histological analysis demonstrated that the skin thickness in the Sel-treated group was less than in the UV-irradiated group. Furthermore, in an effort to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of Sel, the expression levels of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) and MAPK protein were assessed in both groups. The application of Sel induced a reduction in MMP-1 expression levels to the levels observed in the non-irradiated group. However, the expression level of MMP-9 was increased slightly in the Sel application group as compared with the vehicle application group. Additionally, the levels of ERK phosphorylation were increased by the application of Sel, but the levels of JNK and p38 were not altered by Sel treatment. These results suggest the possibility that Sel should be considered as a skin aging-protective and therapeutic drug candidate, which functions via the regulation of MMP expression levels.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Phosphorylation ; Selenium ; Skin ; Skin Aging