BACKGROUND: Gonorrhea is one of the most common venereal diseases in the world. Antibioticresistance development has been an issue with the penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG) development. It is possible for PPNG to be resistant to other medications. Therefore, it is significant to determine its frequency rate and its disposition. OBJECTIVES: In this surveillance, we examined overall development frequency of PPNG from 1981 ti 1998. Comparing current five years' frequency rate with that of previous five year, we predicted possible development rate and described the procedures the physicians must take into account in gonorrhea treatment. METHODS: We examined the development frequency of PPNG in male patients of the venereal disease clinic of Jung-gu Community Health Center in Seoul from 1981 to 1998. Also, we analyzed the overall tendency with time series analysis using statistics package, SPSS 7.5.Grouping the years in five-year units, development frequency of PPNG of current five years (1994-1998) was compared with that of previous years. RESULTS: For the result of monthly analysis of frequency rate of PPNG development from 1981 to 1998, the rate tendency came out with a sligh rise (slope : 0.15). And for the result of comparison of grouped years, in current five years, its rate was 51.6%, marking a significant decline from that of the previous five years, which was 57.2% (p-value : <0.0001). CONCLUSION: The rate of current five years was reported to have declined from the previous years. However, the rate is still over 50%. Therefore, the government should continue the PPNG surveillance with test of sensitivity of the medications in use. Moreover, to eliminate gonorrhea, the education on high risk groups should continue and physicians should use a dose of adequate antibiotics in treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Community Health Centers* ; Education ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Male ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae* ; Neisseria* ; Seoul* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

A kidney containing more than 1,000 cc fluid in its collecting system is generally defined as giant hydronephrosis. A case of a 24 years old Korean male soldier having giant hydronephrosis (1,800 cc) associated with uretero-pelvic junction stricture and multiple renal stones is presented with review of literatures.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Young Adult

Authors experienced five different cases of keratitis such as metaherpetic keratitis, bullous keratitis, chemical keratitis and superficial punctate keratitis have been markedly improved by subconjunctival injection of Tathion (30-50mg), a glutathion prepartion. All cases showed remarkable improvement with better visual acuity following the treatment. Especially it was another choice of treatment in persisting case of metaherpetic keratitis with parenchymal infiltration. No side effects have been observed during this procedure.
Keratitis* ; Visual Acuity

Authore examined for the width, the trabecular pigment band and the iris process of the chamber angle in the non-glaucomatous eyes of the Korean people (total 86 eyes, among (them male 58 eyes, female 28 eyes, and ages of 7-67) by using the 3 mirror contact lens and slit-lamp (Goldmann 900). And these findings were evaluated with the age and the sex distribution. Also these preliminary data are now assisting in the study of pathologic findings of the chamber angle.
Female ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Sex Distribution

Ketalar, a new parenteral anesthetic, was used as a clinical trial for 14 surgical cases ranged from 2 to 15 year old children, and also intraocular pressures of their patient's sound eyes were measured before and after Ketalar injection, I.M. 5-10 mg/kg. Unlike conventional anesthetic agents, Ketalar caused a significant rise in intraocular pressure within 5 minutes and then the pressure improved to normal range about 15 minutes after Ketalar injection. Ketalar could not recommended as a general anethetic agent in case who should examine the intraocular pressure. In eye surgery under 15 year old children, this agent would be a safe and effective general anesthetic, and in an emergent eye injured case, Ketalar is an agent of first choice and can injects to patient regardless of diet intake.
Adolescent ; Anesthetics ; Child* ; Diet ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Ketamine* ; Reference Values

In search of the effect of air pollution on the eye, the authors examined ocular symptoms and diseases in both an urban(Seoul) and two rural populations (Suwon and Changsung). The Prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases between 109 occupational drivers of more than 3 years career in Seoul area which is one of the air polluted urban areas and 150 populations in the two different rural areas as a control group were compared. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms was 89% in Seoul, 10% in Suwon and 23% in Changsung area, and those of ocular diseases were 35%, 6% and 10% in the same areas, respectively. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases is respectively 3 to 4 times more prevalent in occupational drivers than in the control groups. Many other etiologic factors such as occupation, labor condition, environmental stress or different way of living may influence the prevalence rate between the two groups, however, it would be presumed that the main causative factor to cause ocular symptoms and diseases is probably due to air pollution.
Air Pollution ; Gyeonggi-do ; Occupations ; Prevalence* ; Rural Population* ; Seoul

The authors analysed statistically 223 cases of the eye injuries among 17,547 out-patients who visited to our clinic located at down-town of the city during Jan. 1965 to Sept. 1967. The incidence of the eye injuries is remarkably lower than the other reports from other communities. As far as the objects of eye injuries were concerned, ironpiece, fist and coal-dust were more frequent in 21~40 year-age group, while in under 10 year age group, knife, nail and finger-tip were more frequent. Male was exceedingly prevalent (162) than female (61). 21~30 year age group was also prevalent in regard to the incidence of the injuries.
Eye Injuries* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Outpatients*

The permeability of rabbit corneal endothelium stored at 4 degrees C in M-K medium for period of 3, 5, 9 and 14 days to radioactive sucrose(molecular weight 360), inulin (molecular weight 5,200), and dextran (morecular weight 82,400) was measured. The corneal endothelium stored in M-K medium up to 14 days was examined with light and electron microscope. The endothelial permeability to non-electrolytes was decreased according to the molecular weight of these increased. The permeability of fresh cornea to suerose was about 4 times greater than to inulin and 50 times than to dextran, but in M-K medium stored groups the permeability to sucrose was about 2.5 times greater than to inulin and 36 times than to dextran. The permeability of M-K medium preserved cornea for 14 days was significantly different from that of fresh corneal endothelium. The light and electron microscopic findings of 3, 5 and 9 days stored corneal endothelium were almost normal except of early changes of mitochondria, but in the 14 days-stored groups there were marked degenerative change of cytoplasm and nucleus were noted.
Cornea ; Cytoplasm ; Dextrans ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Inulin ; Mitochondria ; Molecular Weight ; Permeability* ; Sucrose

As a series of systematic classification of paramphistomes, in the first step, paramphistomes in the rumen and reticulum were collected on 170 Korean cattles (2-3 years age, male) slaughtered at Jeonju abattoir from July 1984 to September 1985 and were classified by means of morphology of the worms. Afterwards, the karyotype of Paramphistomum explanatum (Creplin, 1849) which is the common in Korean cattle was detected by means of modified air-drying method from testis cells of the worm. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiment. Most of the cattle slaughtered at the abattoir were infected with paramphistomes. The 5 species of the worms were detected on 170 Korean cattle and the worm burden per head was from 2 to 784 (on the average 170) worms, 120(70.59 percent) heads out of them involving 2-100 worms. In 28,900 individuals of paramphistomes obtained on 170 Korean cattle, appearance rates of various worms were as follows : 49.74 percent in P. explanatum, 48.08 percent in P. cervi, 0.98 percent in Orthocoelium orthocoelium, 0.89 percent in Fischoederius cobboldi and 0.14 percent in Cotylophoron cotylophorum. The chromosome number of 620 P. explanatum in the haploid and diploid cells was n=9 and 2n=18, and abundant cells in meiotic division were observed; 1,420 haploid and 38 diploid cells were reliable. Nine pairs of mitotic chromosomes were homologous and the chromosomes were composed of five medium-sized metacentrics (m), subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm)and four small-sized subtelocentrics (st) or submetacentrics (sm), while meiotic metaphase chromosomes were composed of five medium and four small-sized. The haploid of the testis cells showed C-band in the centromeric region from 8 of them, whereas the remaining chromosome No. 5 included heterochromatin on the tip region, and chromosomes No. 3 and No. 7 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; karyotype ; chromosome ; Paramphistomum explanatum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Orthocoelium orthocoelium ; Fischoederius cobboldi ; Cotylophoron cotylophorum

No abstract available.