BACKGROUND: Gonorrhea is one of the most common venereal diseases in the world. Antibioticresistance development has been an issue with the penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG) development. It is possible for PPNG to be resistant to other medications. Therefore, it is significant to determine its frequency rate and its disposition. OBJECTIVES: In this surveillance, we examined overall development frequency of PPNG from 1981 ti 1998. Comparing current five years' frequency rate with that of previous five year, we predicted possible development rate and described the procedures the physicians must take into account in gonorrhea treatment. METHODS: We examined the development frequency of PPNG in male patients of the venereal disease clinic of Jung-gu Community Health Center in Seoul from 1981 to 1998. Also, we analyzed the overall tendency with time series analysis using statistics package, SPSS 7.5.Grouping the years in five-year units, development frequency of PPNG of current five years (1994-1998) was compared with that of previous years. RESULTS: For the result of monthly analysis of frequency rate of PPNG development from 1981 to 1998, the rate tendency came out with a sligh rise (slope : 0.15). And for the result of comparison of grouped years, in current five years, its rate was 51.6%, marking a significant decline from that of the previous five years, which was 57.2% (p-value : <0.0001). CONCLUSION: The rate of current five years was reported to have declined from the previous years. However, the rate is still over 50%. Therefore, the government should continue the PPNG surveillance with test of sensitivity of the medications in use. Moreover, to eliminate gonorrhea, the education on high risk groups should continue and physicians should use a dose of adequate antibiotics in treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Community Health Centers* ; Education ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Male ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae* ; Neisseria* ; Seoul* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

A kidney containing more than 1,000 cc fluid in its collecting system is generally defined as giant hydronephrosis. A case of a 24 years old Korean male soldier having giant hydronephrosis (1,800 cc) associated with uretero-pelvic junction stricture and multiple renal stones is presented with review of literatures.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Young Adult

Authors experienced five different cases of keratitis such as metaherpetic keratitis, bullous keratitis, chemical keratitis and superficial punctate keratitis have been markedly improved by subconjunctival injection of Tathion (30-50mg), a glutathion prepartion. All cases showed remarkable improvement with better visual acuity following the treatment. Especially it was another choice of treatment in persisting case of metaherpetic keratitis with parenchymal infiltration. No side effects have been observed during this procedure.
Keratitis* ; Visual Acuity

Ketalar, a new parenteral anesthetic, was used as a clinical trial for 14 surgical cases ranged from 2 to 15 year old children, and also intraocular pressures of their patient's sound eyes were measured before and after Ketalar injection, I.M. 5-10 mg/kg. Unlike conventional anesthetic agents, Ketalar caused a significant rise in intraocular pressure within 5 minutes and then the pressure improved to normal range about 15 minutes after Ketalar injection. Ketalar could not recommended as a general anethetic agent in case who should examine the intraocular pressure. In eye surgery under 15 year old children, this agent would be a safe and effective general anesthetic, and in an emergent eye injured case, Ketalar is an agent of first choice and can injects to patient regardless of diet intake.
Adolescent ; Anesthetics ; Child* ; Diet ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Ketamine* ; Reference Values

In search of the effect of air pollution on the eye, the authors examined ocular symptoms and diseases in both an urban(Seoul) and two rural populations (Suwon and Changsung). The Prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases between 109 occupational drivers of more than 3 years career in Seoul area which is one of the air polluted urban areas and 150 populations in the two different rural areas as a control group were compared. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms was 89% in Seoul, 10% in Suwon and 23% in Changsung area, and those of ocular diseases were 35%, 6% and 10% in the same areas, respectively. The prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and diseases is respectively 3 to 4 times more prevalent in occupational drivers than in the control groups. Many other etiologic factors such as occupation, labor condition, environmental stress or different way of living may influence the prevalence rate between the two groups, however, it would be presumed that the main causative factor to cause ocular symptoms and diseases is probably due to air pollution.
Air Pollution ; Gyeonggi-do ; Occupations ; Prevalence* ; Rural Population* ; Seoul

Authore examined for the width, the trabecular pigment band and the iris process of the chamber angle in the non-glaucomatous eyes of the Korean people (total 86 eyes, among (them male 58 eyes, female 28 eyes, and ages of 7-67) by using the 3 mirror contact lens and slit-lamp (Goldmann 900). And these findings were evaluated with the age and the sex distribution. Also these preliminary data are now assisting in the study of pathologic findings of the chamber angle.
Female ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Sex Distribution

Acute arterial occlusion of the extremity may result from obstruction of an artery by embolism or by thrombosis in situ. This results in the sudden cessation of blood flow to an extremity. So immediate managements are required to prevent propagation of the clot and to restore blood flow to the ischemic extremity promptly. We report a case of a acute arterial occlusion which was developed during prolonged fasting. A 59-year-old male was transferred due to severe ischemic pain, coldness and loss of pulse in left lower extremity during fast. The arteriogram shows a complete obstruction of external iliac artery and non-visualization of femoral artery and popliteotibial artery in the left lower extremity. Selective intra-arterial urokinase thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty resulted in recannulation of obstructed artery and relief of symptoms.
Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Embolism ; Extremities ; Fasting* ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

1. INTRODUCTION: It is well known that a successful corneal graft depends primarily on the viability of corneal endothelium. And also corneal endothelial viability of donor eye is largely varied from the duration of storage time of enucleated eyes. It is generally agreed that penetrating corneal graft should be done within 48 hours when donor cornea was stored in moist chamber at 4 degrees C because of corneal endothelial viability. But there is some other opinion about the storage time as the school of Filatov insists that donor cornea could be storaged for 4~5 days before corneal graft. The permeability of the cornea is significant from several viewpoints, first, the nutrition of the cornea depends on the diffusion of oxygen and glucose and other substances from the surrounding fluids. Second, the transport of drugs or other substances across the cornea is determined by the permeability of the corneal layers. Present experiment involves the direct measurement for changes of tritiated water permeability, K trans, of rabbit corneal endothelium stored at 4 degrees C up to 5 days. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult albino rabbits, weighing 2~3 kg. were killed by intravenous injection of air administered via the marginal vein of an ear. if more moist chamber bottles are prepared than needed for immediate use of enucleated eyes, they more stored at 4 degrees C in the refrigerator for periods of 24, 48, and 120 hrs. Preparation of endothelium was made simply by remove of the epithelium with gouze (Kim et ai, 1971). The remaining stroma was requisite as a mechanical support for th endothelium. And then a puncture incision was made through the sclera 1~2 mm peripheral to the limbus, and a circumferential cut was made at the same distance from the limbus. The excised tissue was then transferred immediately to a Petri dish containing Ringer's solution at 35 degrees C, and the lens and the iris were carefully removed together with any connective tissue that was attached to the sclera. Finally, the cornea with its scleral rim was mounted in a lucite chamber which was designed specially to hold the convex tissue(Fig. 1). After the tissue was mounted, the chambers were quickly filled with the experimental solution. The solutions on both sides of the tissue were stirred with Teflon-coated magnetic stirrer driven by horseshoe magnets rotating at 400 rev./min to reduce the rete-limiting effect of an unstirred layer on solute movement (Dainty, 1963). The composition of the experimental solution, based on normal (Krebs-bicarbonate) Ringer's solution, was presented in Table I (Green, 1965). A sufficient volume of solution for each experiment was brought to the required temperature(25 degrees C) immediately prior to the experiment. Radioisotopes 3H-labelled tritiated water(THO. specific activity, 5 mCi/ml; Molecular weight, 22) was obtained in solution form (Amersham Radiochemical Center, Buckinghamshire, England). A tracer amount of the radioactive substance to be studied, in normal Ringer's solution, was introduced into the chamber facing the endothelial surface and its rate of appearance on the other side was then determined. Samples (50 micro l) were taken with a micropipette (25 micro l) initially from both bathing solutions 1 hr. after addition of the solutions to the tissue, but thereafter only from the cold side at 60 minutes intervals for 3 hr duration. The samples were transferred to planchets which were then placed on sample spinner; a volume of methyl alcohol was added sufficient to cover the planchet and to allow even spreading of the sample which drying under on infrared lamp. The activity of the radioisotope samples were then assayed using a NMC Proportional Counter System, Model PC-3A, U.S.A. The permeability coefficient, K trans., for this radioactive substance, defined as the amount of the given substance crossing 1cm2 of membrane surface per second under a driving force of unit concentration gradient was calculated according to Maffly et al (1960). 3. RESULTS AND COMMENTS: The permeability coefficients, K trans., of fresh corneal endothelium as a control and the corneal endothelium stored AT 4 degrees C moist chamber in the refrigerator for different lengths of time were presented in Table 2, all these permeabilities were measured on highly swollen stromas since permeability determinations were not begun until 1 hr after exposure to the isotope solution. The rate of passage of tritiated water through the endothelium (plus stroma and Descemet's membrane) stored at 4 degrees C showed the linearity of the increasing count rate against time (Fig. 2). A rise in tritiated water permeability occurred in those stored for 48 hrs. and then followed by a fall in those stored for 120 hours, which there was no significant difference (p>0.3) in comparing with the permeability of fresh corneal endothelium used immediately after enucleation. It presumed that such a finding is due probably to the vitality change of the endothelium. Such a similar results were also obtained by a method of oxygen uptake by corneal endothelium of eyebank eyes stored at 4 degrees C for up to 6 days(Preziosi, 1971).
Adult ; Baths ; Connective Tissue ; Cornea ; Diffusion ; Ear ; Endothelium ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Epithelium ; Glucose ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Iris ; Membranes ; Methanol ; Molecular Weight ; Oxygen ; Permeability* ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Punctures ; Rabbits ; Radioisotopes ; Sclera ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Veins ; Water*

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Urease*

No abstract available.
Dimethylformamide* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver*