Cytomegalovirus(CMV) is the most common cause of congenital viral infections. CMV infection occurs in 0.4% to 2.4% of all live births. CMV causes thin cerebral cortices, diminished volume of white matter, and delayed myelination, bringing on encephalopathy, which may be manifested as seizures in some cases. CT findings in CMV encephalopathy present as irregular intracranial calcifications of the periventricular area. Recently, there are increasingly more reports about MRI findings in CMV encephalopathy and common findings of the encephalopathy are periventricular cysts and dilated lateral ventricles. We experienced a case of congenital CMV encephalopathy with patchy, nodular lesions of the periventricular area on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). We report this case with a review of associated literature.
Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Lateral Ventricles ; Live Birth ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelin Sheath ; Seizures

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the characteristic findings of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis on HRCT and to evaluate the usefulness of HRCT by compareson with chest radiographs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: High resolution CT, chest radiographs and medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 10 patients with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis. We analysed the size, distribution and margin of nodules, reticular or ground-glass density, parenchymal lesion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion on HRCT which were compared with chest radiographic findings. RESULTS: On HRCT, characteristic 1--2mm sized sharp or ill-defined nodular densities were randomly distributed throughout both lungs in all cases. In seven cases, the nodules were evenly scattered, but slightly more in upper lung zone in two cases, and in lower in one case. Only three cases revealed somewhat large and abundant nodules in posterior lung zone. There were findings of ill-defined margin of nodules in three cases, reticular densities in three cases and ground-glass opacity in two cases, all of which were observed within 4 weeks after onset of symptom. In one case, HRCT scan revealed a micronodular pattern in the lung parenchyma, even though chest radiographs of 2 days before were not obviously abnormal. HRCT was better to evaluate the margin of nodule and distribution than chest radiographs in four cases. Focal parenchymal lesion (n=5), pleural effusion(n=4), mediastinal lymphadenopathy(n=6) and ARDS(n=I) were also associated. CONCLUSION: HRCT could suggest a more specific diagnosis of miliary pulmonary tuberculosis with the above characteristic findings in appropriate clinical setting and normal or interstitial pattern of chest radiographs.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Medical Records ; Pleural Effusion ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Myeloproliferative Disorders*

PURPOSE: Specific oral immunotherapy (SOIT) using interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been successful as a food allergy treatment. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing regulatory B cells (Br1s) play a role in immune tolerance to food allergens. In addition, IFN-gamma shows tolerogenic effects on allergen-induced Br1 responses. METHODS: Eleven patients that were allergic to cow's milk and 12 milk-tolerant subjects were selected by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) and clinical characteristics. The immunomodulatory effects of IFN-gamma on allergen-specific Br1 responses were evaluated in 6 milk allergy patients and 8 milk-tolerant subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from subjects were stimulated with casein and/or IFN-gamma and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: IFN-gamma had no effect on total cell counts or the proportion of Br1 cells in PBMCs. IFN-gamma stimulation did not change total Br1 cell counts or the percentage of Br1s among CD5(+) B cells in the milk allergy or the milk-tolerant groups. In the milk allergy group, Br1 counts were not different between the control and the casein stimulation but significantly increased in the IFN-gamma + casein stimulated cells, and the Br1 fractions were decreased after casein stimulation and recovered in the addition of IFN-gamma for stimulation. In the milk-tolerant group, Br1 counts increased in the casein stimulated cells and in the IFN-gamma + casein stimulated cells, but the increase was significantly less when IFN-gamma was added, and the Br1 fractions were increased after casein stimulation and IFN-gamma + casein stimulation, that was not significant when IFN-gamma was added. CONCLUSIONS: IFN-gamma-induced allergen-specific Br1 responses in the PBMCs of milk allergy patients play a role in milk allergen-specific tolerance induction in vitro. Further investigations into the molecular immunological mechanisms underlying the induction of allergen-specific Br1 responses are needed.
Allergens ; B-Lymphocytes ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Caseins ; Cell Count ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunotherapy ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-10 ; Milk ; Milk Hypersensitivity

Glassy cell carcinoma (GCC) of the uterine cervix is a rare and highly malignant tumor, accounting for only 1%~2% of all cervical carcinomas. It is typically composed of malignant cells having a moderate amount of cytoplasm with "ground glass" appearance, distinct cell membranes that stain with eosin or periodic acid-Schiff, and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Since its original description in 1956 by Glucletmann and Cherry, 200 - 250 cases of GCC of the uterine cervix have been listed in the literature. We report here the clinicopathological study of one case of glassy cell carcinoma with brief review of the literature.
Cell Membrane ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cytoplasm ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Prunus

Kawasaki disease (KD) is recognized as a systemic vasculitis affecting multi-organ with inflammatory changes. The commonest and most serious complication of KD is coronary artery aneurysm, but KD may cause other organic complications beside cardiac problems. Gastrointestinal tract also present complications of KD in which, for example, hepatic dysfunction, pancreatitis, intussusception, colonic obstruction, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and bowel edema are included. Among them, colonal wall edema is left unknown in the incidence, and it has been reported even if rare. In this report, we describe a case of KD with colonal wall edema, occurred in 5-yr-old boy who complained of severe abdominal pain and vomiting.
Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Colonic Diseases/*etiology ; Edema/*etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/*complications

PURPOSE: We performed this study to define the characteristic mammographic and ultrasonographic findings in lower risk lesions of fibrocystic change and also tried to evaluate the role of both modalities in planning the treatment of these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 38 cases of mammography and 46 cases of ultrasonography in biopsy proven 55 cases of fibrocystic change, histologically showing the nonproliferative pattern or proliferative pattern without atypia. We analyzed the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings, final assessments, and compared the effectiveness of each modality. RESULTS: On mammography, there were no abnormalities in 20 cases(53%), nodules or masses in 9 cases(24%), microcalcifications in 6 cases(16%) and asymmetric density in 5 cases(14%). On ultrasonography, there were 40 cases(87%) of focalsonographic abnormality and no abnormality in 6 cases(13%). Most focal sonographic abnormalities were smooth(40cases, 93%), well-defined(21 cases, 49%) or ill-defined(22 cases, 51%) round or oval(36 cases, 84%) shaped, homogeneous(31 cases, 67%), hypoechoic(30 cases, 65%) lesions. Final assessment revealed that only 7 cases(18%) of mammography and 8 cases(18%) of ultrasound examinations were included into the category of indeterminate and malignancy groups which were recomended biopsy. Mammography was excellent to demonstrate the microcalcifications and ultrasonography was effective in depiction of the focal lesions. CONCLUSION: The mammography and ultrasonography findings were not specific in diagnosing lower risk group of fibrocystic change. But complementary study of both modalities in conjunction with clinical findings will be helpful in making decinion amary biopsy, fine needle aspiration, and simple close follow up of the lesions.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Mammography ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

IL-10 production by CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells was investigated, by determining the expression levels of CD19, a classical B cell marker. Peripheral mononuclear cells were stained with fluorescence-conjugated anti-CD5, anti-CD19, anti-IL-10, and Annexin V. Interestingly, IL-10-producing B cells were found to be localised within the CD19(low)CD5(+) B cell subset. Apoptotic changes were also observed mainly in CD19(low) cells among B cells. Thus, CD5(+) B cells should be classified as CD19(high) and CD19(low) cells, and the immunological significance of CD19 for the IL-10 production by CD5(+) B cells requires further studies.
Antigens, CD19/metabolism ; Antigens, CD5/metabolism ; Apoptosis/immunology ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology ; Cell Separation ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-10/*biosynthesis

Foxp3 is a transcript factor for regulatory T cell development. Interestingly, Foxp3-expressing cells were identified in B cells, especially in CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells, while those were not examined in CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells. Foxp3-expressing CD5(+) B cells in this study were identified in human PBMCs and were found to consist of 8.5+/-3.5% of CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells. CD19(+)CD5(+)Foxp3(+) B cells showed spontaneous apoptosis. Rare CD19(+)CD5(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory B cell (Breg) population was unveiled in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suggested as possible regulatory B cells (Breg) as regulatory T cells (Treg). The immunologic and the clinical relevant of Breg needs to be further investigated.
Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Background/Aims: AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is frequently mutated in gastric cancer (GC), especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated and microsatellite instability high GC.The loss of ARID1A expression has been reported as a poor prognostic marker in GC. However, the relationships between ARID1A alteration and EBV-associated and microsatellite instability high GC, which are known to have a favorable prognosis, has hampered proper evaluation of the prognostic significance of ARID1A expression in GC. We aimed to analyze the true prognostic significance of ARID1A expression by correcting confounding variables. Methods: We evaluated the ARID1A expression in a large series (n=1,032) of advanced GC and analyzed the relationships between expression pattern and variable parameters, including clinicopathologic factors, key molecular features such as EBV-positivity, mismatch repair protein deficiency, and expression of p53 and several receptor tyrosine kinases including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor. Survival analysis of the molecular subtypes was done according to the ARID1A expression patterns. Results: Loss of ARID1A expression was found in 52.5% (53/101) of mutL homolog 1 (MLH1)-deficient and 35.8% (24/67) of EBV-positive GCs, compared with only 9.6% (82/864) of the MLH1-proficient and EBV-negative group (p<0.001). The loss of ARID1A expression was associated only with MLH1 deficiency and EBV positivity. On survival analysis, the loss of ARID1A expression was associated with worse prognosis only in MLH1-proficient and EBV-negative GC. Multivariate analysis revealed that both loss of ARID1A and decreased ARID1A expression were independent worse prognostic factors in patients with advanced GC. Conclusions Only in MLH1-proficient and EBV-negative GC, the loss of ARID1A expression is related to poorer prognosis.