Emphysematous cystitis is a rare condition characterized by gas collection in the wall and lumen of the bladder. We experienced three cases of emphysematous cystiris. All patients were female; one was associated with a long term history of diabetes mellitus and another with urinary indwelling catheter. All of the cases were easily diagnosed on plain radiograph and CT scan, and were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy. In one of the cases, however, associated abscess due to perivesical extension of inflammation was treated by combined external drainage.
Abscess ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cystitis* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Bladder

The fractures of the cervical spine are relatively uncommon, but they may cause serious neurologic deficits temporarily or permanently. So, it is very important to treat the patients early by way of exact evaluation for the sites and the mechanisms of the injuries. The authors reviewed retrospectively 188 cervical spinal fractures in 100 patients from Sep. 1984 to Aug. 1990. Commonly involed levels were C5 and C6 in lower cervical level and C2 in upper cervical level and the sites in each spine were body; lamina and odontoid process. The hyperflexion injury was the most common type of the cervical spinal fractures occupying 53% of all cervical fractures and cause more multipe fractures(2.26 fractures/patient) than in hyperextension (1. 68 fractures/patient). In hyperflexion injuries, body, transverse and spinous process were commonly involved but lamina fracture was relatively common in hyperextension injury. The dislocations associated with fractures were developed most commonly in hyperflexion injury and 70% of these were anterior dislocation and the most commonly involved levels were C5-6 and C6-7. In conclusion, hyperflexion injury needs more close examination for the entire spinal levels than injuries of other mechanisms because it results in more severe fractures with or without dislocation and relatively frequent multiple fractures in different levels.
Dislocations ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Odontoid Process ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures* ; Spine

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to assess the growth status and to evaluate the factors affecting the development of metabolic syndrome in children born with small for gestational age (SGA) at term gestation. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 73 (36 boys, 37 girls) children born with SGA at term gestation who were visited for short stature and metabolic problems at Seoul National University Children' Hospital between 1994 and 2003. We assessed several clinical parameters as follows:birth weight, height standard deviation score (SDS), weight SDS, weight for height, bone age (BA), chronologic age (CA), predicted adult height (PAH) and midparental height (MPH). We evaluated the factors affecting height SDS according to pubertal status. We also evaluated the factors affecting development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia or obesity. RESULTS:Pubertal children had greater height SDS, weight SDS and difference between BA and CA than prepubertal children, respectively (P<0.05). Height SDS positively correlated with difference between BA and CA (r=0.43, P<0.01), but BA advancement (BA>CA) was not observed in prepubertal children. BA advancement was observed in all pubertal children except one. The children who had greater weight SDS than height SDS had significantly lower height SDS and delayed BA, respectively (P<0.05). The children who had metabolic problems had higher weight SDS (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that rapid skeletal maturation may develope during transition from prepuberty to puberty and catch-up growth may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in children born with SGA, but further study will be required.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dyslipidemias ; Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Obesity ; Pregnancy* ; Puberty ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul

Preoperative cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, plays a key role in differentiating between benign and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. This article reviews the imaging features associated with malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, as well as the recent studies validating the 2012 international consensus guidelines. This review also compared the diagnostic performance of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating malignant from benign intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.
Consensus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mucins* ; Pancreas*

Pure ovarian choriocarcinoma of germ cell origin is exceedingly rare neoplasm, and even the presence of choriocarcinomatous elements admixed with other neoplastic germ cell elements is rare. In the most cases, the tumor is admixed with other neoplastic germ cell elemeats, and their presence is diagnostic of noagsatational choriocarcinoma, except for the remote of the tumor being a geatational choriocarcinoma metasttic to an ovarian germ cell tumor. We have experienced a case of nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma in 10 year dld woman. So we report this case with a brief review of its literatures.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Pregnancy

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is an adenocarcinoma arising from the bile duct epithelium, at the confluence of the right and left intrahepatic bile ducts, within the porta hepatis. In most cases, hilar cholangiocarcinomas are locally invasive tumors which have dismal prognosis if left untreated, with mean survival of approximately three months after the initial presentation. Recently, preoperative assessment of resectability and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has gained importance in better management of the patients. Non-invasive cross-sectional radiological imaging has made considerable advances, and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinomas using radiological examination became more accurate in recent years. In this review, staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and magnetic resonance angiography is described.
Bile Duct Neoplasms/*diagnosis/radiography ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology/radiography ; Cholangiocarcinoma/*diagnosis/radiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Transplants*

Linear sebaceous nevus syndrome, which is the association of nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn in the midfacial area with seizure and mental deficiency, has been reported in at least 100 cases. Hemimegalencephaly is a rare malformation consisting of unilateral hypertrophy of the brain, an abnormal gyral pattern, thickened cortex, white matter abnormality, and lateral ventricular dilatation. The authors report a case of linear sebaceous nevus syndrome with hemimegalencephaly, diagnosed on the basis of clinical data and brain MRI.
Brain ; Dilatation ; Hypertrophy ; Intellectual Disability ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Nevus ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn* ; Seizures

PURPOSE: To report the early postoperative macular change in uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery. METHODS: A retrospective study of 36 consecutive eyes of 36 patients, who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery and OCT, preoperatively and postoperatively was made. In 16 eyes from group 1, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular edema was present before the cataract surgery. In the other 20 eyes (group 2), no systemic or ocular pathology was present . RESULTS: The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) follow up after cataract surgery was 4 +/- 1 weeks in each group. In group 1, the mean +/- SD retinal thickness increased from 201 +/- 14 micro meter preoperatively to 243 +/- 22 micro meter 3 hrs after cataract surgery (P=0.38). In group 2, the mean +/- SD retinal thickness increased from 212 +/- 10 micro meter preoperatively to 246 +/- 24 micro meter 3 hrs after cataract surgery (P=0.55). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery has no immediate influence on retinal thickness.
Cataract* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Pathology ; Phacoemulsification ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

We studied to evaluate CT characteristics of bronchogenic cysts. We retrospectively evaluated CT of 11 patients with pathologically proved bronchogenic cyst. Precontrast and postcontrast CT scan was performed in all. We analyzed CT with viewpoints of location, size, attenuation on pre- and postcontrast scan, and calcification. Three of 11 bronchogenic cysts were intrapulmonary in location and eight were located in the mediastinum. Two of 3 intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts were located in the right lower lobe, and the remaining one was left lower lobe. Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts ranged from 6cm to 12cm in diameter (average, 9.7 cm). On Cr, intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts appeared as thin-wall air cyst, homogenous water attenuation and soft tissue attenuation with air bubble respectively. Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts were located in posterior mediastinum(n=5), superior mediastinum(n=2), middle mediastinum(n=1) respectively. These cysts ranged in size from 3cm to 8cm in diameter (average, 5.0 cm). On CT, five showed homogenous water attenuation, two soft tissue attenuation similar to that of muscle, one air-fluid level. Calcification or contrast enhancement was not detected in any cases. On operative findings, all of intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts contained dirty pus-like material and all of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts contained whitish or yellowish mucus material. Bronchogenic cysts showed homogenous water density in many cases, homogenous soft tissue density, air-fluid level and air-filled cyst. The constellation of CT findings may be helpful in the diagnosis and
Bronchogenic Cyst* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mediastinum ; Mucus ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Water