During the period of 4 years from May, 1981 to April, 1985, 71 cases of obstructing subinfundibular muscular bundles of the right ventricle in congential cardiovascular anomalies were diagnosed by cariac catheterization and angiography at Hanyang University. The finding of right ventricular angiogram and degree of the right ventricular outflow obstruction, clinical data, electrocardiographic data and hemodynamic data were correlated irrespectively. The summary of this article is as follows. 1) The age of patients was ranged from 1 to 22 years old with a mean age of 8 years old. There were 39 males and 32 females with M:F ratio of 1.2:1. The incidence of obstructing subinfundibular muscular bundles of the right ventricle in congenital cardiovascular anomalies was higher with increasing age. 2) The associated cardic anomalies were as follows: 40 cases (56%) of isolated ventricular septal defect(VSD), 13(18%) of tetralogy of Fallot physiology, 7(10%) of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), 3(4%) of pulmonary stenosis, 1 aortic stenosis, 1 double outlet of right ventricle(DORV), 1 trilogy, 1 ostium secundum defect, etc. The incidence of VSD with or without other associated cardiovascular anomalies was 56 cases(79%) out of 71 cases. 3) Maximum systolic pressure gradient between proximal and distal chamber of the right ventricle were under 25 mmHg in 32 cases, between 25 and 50 mmHg in 13 and above 50 mmHg in 26. Pressure gradients of all 7 cases with PDA were under 25 mmHg. 4) Correlative assesment of angiographic manifestation(2 indicies:Diameter of right ventricular outflow tract(systolic phase)/diameter of tricuspid valvular annulus(diastolic phase)=OT/TV, Diameter of right ventricular outflow tract(systolic phase)/Length of right ventricular diaphragmatic surface(systolic phase)=OT/RV) according to pressure gradient, OT/Tv and OT/RV values were lower the increasing pressure gradient, between proximal and distal chamber of the right ventricle. These were reverse correlations but coefficients of correlation(r) were-0.49and -0.48. Therefore, the degree of right ventricular outflow obstruction could be predicted, using 2 indices of right ventricular angiogram in individual cases, but could not be calculated accurately. 5) This indicated that pressuer gradient was also affected by technical errors, variable cardic anomalies, development of sinusoid, age and the other factors. 6) We assumed that non-invasive Doppler echocardiography could be useful in making the diagnosis and follow up of the patient with obstructing subinfundibular muscle bundles in right ventricle.
Angiography ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Blood Pressure ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Electrocardiography ; Equidae ; Female ; Heart Ventricles* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Physiology ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction ; Young Adult

Serious complications from subelavian vein cannulation have been reported, i.e., pneumothorax, hydrothorax, hemothorax and catheter embolism, etc. A 42 year old female with a diagnosis of septic cholangitis was catheterised in the right subclavian vein by the supraclavicular approach for the measurement of CP and on the 3rd day of admission and developed a hemothorax subsequently. She had a cholecystectomy on the 4th day. Aensthesia was induced with the injection of pentothal and succinylcholine through the CVP line and was maintained with Ethrane. Her vital signs were not stable during the surgery as well as post-operatively. She also was not able to breathe by herself so that her respiration was assisted with a MA-J respirator. On the 2nd post-operative day, blood gases suggested respiratory failure and a chest P-A showed right pleural effusion. A chest tube was then inserted and about 3,200ml of blood was drained. She recovered from the hemothorax and superimposed pneumonia with intensive respiratory care for 20 days.
Adult ; Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Chest Tubes ; Cholangitis ; Cholecystectomy ; Diagnosis ; Embolism ; Enflurane ; Female ; Gases ; Hemothorax* ; Humans ; Hydrothorax ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Subclavian Vein ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Thorax ; Veins* ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Vital Signs

No abstract available.
Heart Ventricles* ; Hemodynamics*

No abstract available.
Pulmonary Artery*

PURPOSE: We compared neovascularity with needle biopsies and definitive prostatectomy specimens to examine whether the measurement of microvessel density(MVD) has an ability to predict extracapsular extension with limited tissue sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated total 11 pathologically proven stage T3 lesions. The paraffin embedded tissues from needle biopsies and definitive prostatectomy specimens were sectioned serially. Of the serial sections obtained from prostatectomy specimens 2 showing a relatively uniform histology grade; one identical grade with biopsy sample, another the worst grade within the tumor or different grade from biopsy, and 2 from specific sites of the tumor; center and periphery, selected for examination. MVD determinations were performed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies directed at the CD34 antigens. RESULTS: MVD of total 11 needle biopsies with grade 2-5 (score 4-8) ranged from 73.7 to 170.8 (median 106.7 +/- 10.6). The grade (score 5-9) distributions of prostatectomy specimens were different from those of needle biopsies and the MVD obtained from definitive prostatectomy specimens exhibited a heterogeneity within the individual tumor. The variation in densities between different grade group proved statistically different (p< 0.01, paired t-test). Also, the MVD count in the center of the tumor was higher than that in the periphery of the tumor and the difference between two group of the specific sites was statistically significant (p = 0.015, paired t-test). Finally, although MVD of biopsy sample did not correlated exclusively to that of definitive prostatectomy specimen, there would be a significant correlation of MVD between two groups if their distribution of histological grade were identical (p< 0.01, r2 = 0.889). CONCLUSIONS: Prior to surgical extirpation in the patients of clinically localized prostatic carcinomas, MVD determination of needle biopsies of the prostate would not correlate with that of definitive prostatectomy specimen. Given the limited tissue sampling from a biopsy, understanding of the site specificity of vasculature and analyzing the relationship of angiogenesis and other biologic factors of which histologic grade seems to be involved most importantly, are critical to developing a consistent and effective methodology of microvessel quantification.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD34 ; Biological Factors ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle* ; Humans ; Microvessels* ; Needles* ; Paraffin ; Population Characteristics ; Prostate* ; Prostatectomy* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the complex course of the mandibular canal using 3D reconstruction of microCT images and to provide the diagram for clinicians to help them understand at the interforaminal region in Korean. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six hemimandibles obtained from cadavers were examined using microCT, and the images were reconstructed. At both the midpoint of mental foramen and the tip of anterior loop, the bucco-lingual position, the height from the mandibular inferior border, the horizontal distance between two points, and position relative to tooth site on the mandibular canal were measured. The angle that the mental canal diverges from the mandibular canal was measured in posteriorsuperior and lateral-superior direction. RESULTS: The buccal distance from the mandibular canal was significantly much shorter than lingual distance at both the mental foramen and the tip of anterior loop. The mandibular canal at the tip of anterior loop was significantly located closer to buccal side and higher than at the mental foramen. And the mental canal most commonly diverged from the mandibular canal below the first premolar by approximately 50° posterior-superior and 41° lateral-superior direction, which had with a mean length of 5.19 mm in front of the mental foramen, and exited to the mental foramen below the second premolar. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that it could form a hazardous tetrahedron space at the interforaminal region, thus, the clinician need to pay attention to the width of a premolar tooth from the mental foramen during dental implant placement.
Bicuspid ; Cadaver ; Dental Implants ; Tooth ; X-Ray Microtomography

PURPOSE: To compare the precise roles of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in the evaluation of patients presenting with hemoptysis and to determine the optimal timing for HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of HRCT and FOB were compared in 23 patients (15 men, 8 women) presenting with hemoptysis. Etiologies included bronchietasis (n=4), parenchymal pulmonary tuberculosis (n=4), lung cancer (n=4), endobronchial tuberculosis (n=2), and broncholithiasis (n=2). Hemoptysis was proved to be due to miscellaneous causes in an additional three cases and to be cryptogenic in four. The diagnostic results of FOB performed before and after HRCT were compared as were those of HRCT performed within and after the first 48 hours of active bleeding. RESULTS: FOB and HRCT offered a correct diagnosis in 39% and 65% of cases, respectively (p=0.005). HRCT demonstrated three cases of bronchiectasis and three of parenchymal pulmonary tuberculosis which were beyond the range of a bronchoscope. In two of five cases in which HRCT findings were nonspecific, chondromatous hamartoma and lung cancer were confirmed by FOB. In cases where HRCT was performed prior to FOB, the latter demonstrated the location and diagnosis in 82% and 47% of cases, respectively (p=0.303) ; when HRCT was performed after FOB, HRCT was correct in 67% and 17% of cases, respectively (p=0.178). In none of three cases (0%) in which HRCT was performed during the first 48 hours of active bleeding did the procedure allow a specific diagnosis. In 15 of 20 (75%) cases in which HRCT was performed after the first 48 hours, however, the diagnosis provided by CT was correct. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that in patients presenting with hemoptysis, both HRCT and FOB should be used for evaluation, since they are diagnostically complementary. FOB is more useful for the diagnosis of endobronchial lesion, and HRCT for bronchiectasis and parenchymal pulmonary tuberculosis. If, in cases of hemoptysis, initial diagnosis is attempted within the first 48 hours of active bleeding, FOB should be the initial step, and HRCT images should not be obtained until active bleeding has been shown on plain chest radiograph to have abated. If this initial approach takes place after the first 48 hours of active bleeding, FOB and HRCT are equally suitable.
Bronchiectasis ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy* ; Diagnosis ; Hamartoma ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Background: TSH binding inhibiting imunoglobulins(TBII) are autoimmune antibody causing autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Graves disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) is known as a substance expressed at the site of autoimmune reaction in relation with lymphocyte infiltration. The serum TBII activity is used as an index of the disease course and prognosis of Graves disease treated with antithyroid drugs, propylthiouracil or methimazole. The aim of this study is to understand the change of serum ICAM-1 level according to the change of the degree of autoimmunity and clinical course of Graves disease. Methods: In order to study the change of soluble ICAM-1 and relationship to the immune mechanism of Graves' disease, we measured serum levels of TBII and ICAM-1 in patients(n 35) with Graves disease before and after treatment with antithyroid drugs and in relapsed patients using a highly sensitive ELISA method. Results: The serum levels of TBII and ICAM-1 were markedly elevated in patients with Graves disease before treatment than normal controls and there were good correlation between TBII and ICAM-1 level. In patients with normalized TBII levels after 22 months antithyroid drug treatment, the ICAM-1 levels became normal but in the patients with high serum TBII level showed high serum level of ICAM-1 even with clinical remission with same treatment. The serum levels of TBII and ICAM-1 in relapsed patients were elevated as those of patients before treatment. Conclusion: With the above results, we can conclude that not only the TBII level but seru ICAM-1 level also reflect the degree of autoimmune activity of Graves disease and may be used as an index of the disease course and prognosis of Graves disease treated with antithyroid drugs.
Antithyroid Agents ; Autoimmunity ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Lymphocytes ; Methimazole ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Propylthiouracil ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher risk of developing leukemia than do healthy children, and they especially have a higher risk for developing transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) or acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL). In recent studies, it has been reported that most of these patients have acquired mutation of the GATA1 gene, which encodes the erythroid/megakaryocytic transcription factor GATA1. GATA1 mutations have not been found in AMKL patients who did not have DS and other hematologic malignancies in DS. Most of the GATA1 mutations in DS-TMD/AMKL are nonsense mutations that are mainly located in exon 2. We observed a nonsense mutation in exon 2 of GATA1 [c.189_190delCA (Tyr63X)] in one case of DS-TMD. The GATA1 mutation has been thought to be an early event in the leukemogenesis of DS-TMD/AMKL and it could be used as a stable molecular marker to assess the treatment response or to monitor for the recurrence of DS-TMD/AMKL.
Child ; Codon, Nonsense ; Down Syndrome ; Exons ; GATA1 Transcription Factor ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Recurrence

Abdomen ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Biopsy ; Extremities ; Gingiva ; Gingivectomy ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Head ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Mouth ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neck ; Plasma Cells ; Plasma ; Plasmacytoma ; Prognosis ; Recurrence