No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Child* ; Humans

INTRODUCTION: In traditional society, the roles of housewives were to do housework, to look after her children and to give her family emotional stability. With rapid social and economic change, the traditional sense of value changes and the concepts of sexual roles, too. However, they are in a transition period yet. These discord and tension followed by role change appeared as the form of psychological instability or social pathological problem in modern family. Thus, this study aimed to avaluate the effect of employment on depression of housewives who play importent roles in family and their commumity. METHODS: From May to July 1996, the questonnaires were distributed to 179 housewives who have university education background(including community college), and have one or more children and live in Bundang-Ku of Sungnam city, making a distinction between working housewives and nonworking housewives. Regarding the subjects of this study, the non-working housewives are restricted to full-time housewives who have no job, and working housewives who have full-time job. As tools of measurement, we used BDI questionnaires consisted of 15 items in Korean. We performed statistical analysis among the data by means of SPSS/PC+. We analyzed statistical data for significance using one-way ANOVA and analyzed categorical data for significance using S-test. RESULTS: The average score on BDI for working housewives was 12.22(standard deviation 7.42) and this is rather higher than that of non-working housewives(10.80, standard deviation : 7.42). But the number of children increased, the BDI score were higher significantly in both groups. And the BDI score was high in working Housewives groups whose husbands had professional job or dommerce job, whose family system is a multi-generation family, and who feel a lot of fatigue after work. In case of non-working housewives, the BDI score was high with age(especially between 50-59), duration of marriage, lower income and Duvalls family life cycle 6, 7. CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in depression tendency between working housewives and nonworking housewives. But in case of working housewives, some factors have influence on their depression tendency, the number of children, husbands job, family type, degree of fatigue after work. And in case of non-working housewives, the factors are the number of children, age, duration of marriage, income, family life cycle.
Child ; Depression* ; Education ; Employment ; Fatigue ; Gyeonggi-do ; Housekeeping ; Humans ; Marriage ; Seoul* ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To establish the reference values of the sensory conduction for all the digits in the hand, conduction studies were performed using the standard technique. METHOD: One hundred hands of fifty neurologically healthy adults with mean age of 45 years (range, 23~69) were tested. Depending on ages, the 50 adults were devided into three groups: group 1, 20~45 years old; group 2, 46~60 years old; group 3, 61~ years old. Antidromic sensory nerve conduction techniques using a fixed distance were performed. The onset latency and baseline to peak amplitude of the sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were measured. During the test, the skin temperature of the hand was maintained at 34 degrees C or above. These variables from SNAPs were compared according to age, gender, side, and recording digits. RESULTS: Comparison of the median and ulnar SNAPs between age groups revealed longer onset latency and smaller amplitude in the elderly group. The amplitude of SNAPs was larger in females than in males and the left side than the right side. Comparison of the latencies and amplitudes between the second and third digits showed no significant difference statistically. Also, the latencies and amplitudes of the median and ulnar nerves recorded from the fourth digits showed no significant difference statistically. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, the reference values for sensory conductions from all the digits were obtained. These values would be helpful in evaluation of CTS or unspecified finger pain or upper extremity neuropathy.
Action Potentials ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction* ; Reference Values ; Skin Temperature ; Ulnar Nerve ; Upper Extremity

The role of skin temperature is very important in clinical neurophysiology but has often been neglected. In nerve conduction studies, lower normal temperature affects slower conduction velocities and increased nerve (sensory or mixed) action potential amplitudes. To determine the normal skin temperature in various parts of upper and lower extremities within close approximation of the nerve passages, the temperature was measured using Physitemp Model BAT-12 (Accuracy 0.1oC, Clifton, New Jersey, U.S.A.). Fifty-three neurophysiologically healthy adults (Age range, 22-77 years old) were tested : upper extremity, 20 (male, 7 ; female, 13) ; lower extremity, 33 (male, 11 ; female, 22). The total points of skin temperature measurement were 21 : upper extremity, 10 ; lower extremity, 11. The skin temperature for the upper and lower extremities was 34.6+/-0.9 degrees C (range, 32.6-36.7degrees C) and 33.4+/-1.1degrees C (range, 28.1-35.7degrees C), respectively. Although it is frequently time consuming, monitoring normal skin temperature will result in greater electrodiagnostic accuracy.
Action Potentials ; Adult ; Electrodiagnosis ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity* ; Neural Conduction ; Neurophysiology ; New Jersey ; Reference Values ; Skin Temperature* ; Skin* ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: A lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is a safe and effective surgical treatment that is the most commonly used one for patients with chronic anal fissure. However, reports on the recurrence rate and complications after LIS published in Korea are rare. The purpose of our study is to identify the types and rates of recurrence, the complications after LIS, and the differences in clinical outcomes between open and closed LIS. RESULTS: We used hospital records and telephone interviews to study retrospectively the rates of recurrence and complications of 898 patients who underwent a LIS for chronic anal fissure from July, 2003, to June 30, 2004. RESULTS: There were 292 male (mean age: 36.8 years, range: 16~84) and 606 female (mean age: 32.4 years, range: 1~68) patients. The preoperative mean maximum resting pressure in anal manommetry was 99.2 cmH2O in male patients and 97.7 cmH2O in female patients. Recurrence of fissure after LIS was present in five cases (0.6%). All underwent a LIS, on the same side of a previous LIS in four cases and on the opposite side in one case. Delayed healing of the fissure was present in six cases (0.7%). All of these patients were improved by conservative management. Complications of the LIS were thrombus formation, perianal abscess, fistula, and incontinence. Thrombus formation was present in eight cases (0.9%). Five patients underwent a thrombectomy and three patients were cured by conservative management. Perianal abscess or fistula was present in three patients (0.3%), who underwent incision and drainage or a simple fistulotomy. Incontinence was present in two cases (0.2%). One patient was lost to follow up, and the other patient was improved by conservative management. CONCLUSIONS: LIS is a safe and effective treatment for patients with chronic anal fissure, and recurrence and complications of LIS are rare.
Abscess ; Drainage ; Female ; Fissure in Ano* ; Fistula ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombectomy ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a widely used intravenous anesthetic, and the effects of propofol on several ion channels have been studied at the whole cell and single-channel levels. However, in general there is no report on the effect of propofol on outward K+ currents in canine colonic myocytes, in which there are two types of outward K+ currents, a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current and a classical delayed rectifier K+ current. We examined the effects of propofol on the two types of outward K+ currents the kinetics involved. METHODS: Experiments were performed on freshly dispersed smooth muscle cells from the circular muscle layer of the proximal canine colon. Outward currents were recorded using the patch clamp technique in the whole cell configuration. RESULTS: The application of propofol (600 nM-600microM) decreased net outward current in a dose-dependent manner. Propofol (6-60microM) also decreased peak delayed rectifier K+ currents. Pretreatment with TEA abolished propofol effects on delayed rectifier K+ currents. However, propofol still decreased delayed rectifier K+ currents in the presence of 4-AP. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that propofol decrease net outward K+ currents primarily by inhibiting large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ currents and 4-AP resistant delayed rectifier K+ currents. These results suggest that propofol action on outward currents may depend on the different blocking mechanisms of the different types of K+ channels. If propofol cannot induce contraction, Ca2+ currents in colonic myocytes warrant further study.
Colon* ; Ion Channels ; Kinetics ; Muscle Cells* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Propofol* ; Tea

Amniotic fluid embolism is rare but is one of the most catastrophic complications in the peripartum period. This syndrome is caused by a maternal anaphylactic reaction to the introduction of fetal material into the pulmonary circulation. When amniotic fluid embolism is suspected, the immediate application of extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support such as veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or cardiopulmonary bypass should be considered. Without the application of extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support, medical supportive care might not be sufficient to maintain cardiopulmonary stabilization in severe cases of amniotic fluid embolism. In this report, we present the case of a 36-year-old pregnant woman who developed an amniotic fluid embolism immediately after a cesarean section. Her catastrophic event started with the sudden onset of severe hypoxia, followed by circulatory collapse within 8 minutes. The veno-arterial mode of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated immediately. She was successfully resuscitated but with impaired cognitive function. Thus, urgent ECMO should be considered when amniotic fluid embolism syndrome is suspected in patients presenting acute cardiopulmonary collapse.
Adult ; Amniotic Fluid* ; Anaphylaxis ; Anoxia ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Cesarean Section ; Cognition ; Embolism, Amniotic Fluid* ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Female ; Humans ; Peripartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Shock

No abstract available.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic*

No abstract available.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic*

PURPOSE: To measure the muscle length of the gastrocnemius and soleus during gait in CP patients with an equinus deformity before and after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve CP patients with an equinus deformity (17 limbs) were examined by gait analysis preoperatively and postoperatively. The patient group was further classified into the TAL and Strayer group according to the surgical technique. The mean age and mean follow-up periods were 14.3 years (5-25 years) and 15.3 months (12.5-18.5 months), respectively. The muscle length of the Gastrocnemius and Soleus was measured during gait using the SIMM program linked to a gait analysis system. RESULTS: The ankle ROM, knee ROM, maximal muscle length and peak-to-peak excursion during gait improved after surgery. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative measurements (p<0.05), but no difference between the postoperative and control groups (p>0.05). The muscle length of the soleus was elongated during gait after the Strayer procedure. CONCLUSION: Patients with an equinus deformity had a contracted triceps muscle, which was elongated after surgery. These changes were quantified by a comparison of the preoperative and postoperative measurements.
Animals ; Ankle ; Cerebral Palsy ; Contracts ; Equinus Deformity ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gait ; Humans ; Knee ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles