No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the demographic features and characteristics of headache (HA) in patients visiting a primary care clinic (PCC). METHODS: We prospectively collected the demographic and clinical data of 261 consecutive HA patients in a PCC located in Taejon from Oct. 1996 to Jul. 1998. All patients were interviewed and examined by a single neurologist. The types of HA were classified as migraine, tension-type, mixed, and others. RESULTS: The mean age at the initial visit was 37.2 +/-13.4 years. Women were 3 times more common than men (193 patients vs. 68 patients). More than half of the female patients were housewives (47.5%). Migraine was the most common type of headache (114 patients, 43.7%), followed by mixed type (72 patients, 27.6%) and tension-type headaches (57 patients, 21.8%). 85.7% of patients with HA for more than 1 month had taken medication before their initial visit. Among the 168 patients who reported their attitude toward HA, 55 patients continuously worried about their HA even in the HA-free period. CONCLUSIONS: In a PCC, migraine was the prevailing type of HA. The majority of HA sufferers were housewives.
Daejeon ; Female ; Headache* ; Humans ; Male ; Migraine Disorders ; Neurology* ; Primary Health Care* ; Prospective Studies ; Tension-Type Headache

Urethral duplication is rare congenital anomaly. It may be complete or partial, We report a case of PPNG urethritis which limited to the accessory urethra and treated with kanamycin (2. 0gm, im), ampicillin(3. 5gm, po) and probenecid(l pgm, po).
Kanamycin ; Urethra* ; Urethritis*

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the clinical efficiency of clomiphene citrate/GnRH antagonist protocol comparing with the clomiphene citrate only protocol in infertile women with normal ovulatory cycles. METHOD: Among 116 patients, 43 were received assisted reproductive technologies using natural ovulatory cycle, 38 and 35 were received clomiphene citrate only protocol and clomiphene citrate/GnRH antagonist combined protocol, respectively, and the clinical results were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: In each group, basal levels of LH, FSH, E2 and FSH, E2 on hCG day injected were not different, but LH level and endometrial thickness on hCG injected day were decreased significantly and the pregnancy rate was increased significantly in clomiphene citrate/GnRH antagonist group. CONCLUSION: The pregnancy rate was increased significantly in clomiphene citrate/GnRH antagonist group compared with natural ovulatory cycle and clomiphene citrate only group.
Clomiphene* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

No abstract available.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoid Tumor/chemistry/*pathology/surgery ; Endosonography ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Stomach Neoplasms/chemistry/*pathology/surgery ; Tumor Markers, Biological/analysis ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/analysis

No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spine*

BACKGROUND: The present study was aimed at investigating whether there is a mechanism exerted by endogenous nitric oxide(NO) in the regulation of aquaporin(AQP) water channels in the kidney. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME, 40 mg/L drinking water) to inhibit the endogenous generation of nitric oxide. Four weeks later, total abundance and shuttling of AQP2 proteins were determined in different regions of the kidney. RESULTS: Chronic inhibition of NO synthesis increased the expression of AQP2 channels in cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla of the kidney. The AQP2 shuttling was not significantly altered, as evidenced by an unaltered ratio of AQP2 expression in the membrane fraction versus that in the cytoplasmic fraction. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that endogenous NO activity plays a tonic inhibitory role in the expression of AQP2 channels in the kidney.
Animals ; Aquaporin 2* ; Aquaporins* ; Cytoplasm ; Drinking ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Male ; Membranes ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

No abstract available.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; Aged ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Hemangioma/*diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Apoptosis plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, as well as in development and tissue homeostasis. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase mediated neck end labelling (TUNEL) and in situ nick end labelling (ISEL) have been used to investigate the apoptosis in tissues. Since the introduction of the M30 monoclonal antibody to overcome drawbacks of TUNEL and ISEL, the apoptosis in various tumors, with the exception of pulmonary carcinomas, has been studied. In this study, attempts were made to examine the correlation of apoptosis in non-small cell carcinomas, using both M30 and the expression of p53 protein, with the clinicopathological factors. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty five patients with surgically resected non-small cell carcinomas were included. Immunohistochemical staining with M30 and p53 monoclonal antibody were performed, and their expressions compared with the clinicopathological features. The overall survival time and recurrence-free survival time were calculated, and the factors influencing the survival time analyzed using a univariate analysis. The effects of the expression stati of M30 and p53 on the risks of cancer related to both death and recurrence were evaluated using a multivariate analysis. RESULT: The p53 positive group had many more M30 positive cells than the p53 negative group (p53 positive group; 61.7+/-26.8 cells vs. p53 negative group; 45.6+/-29.6 cells, p=0.005) and significantly more p53 positive patients showing at least 10 positive cells (apoptotic index, AI > or =1) on M30 staining (p53 positive group; 52.4% [11/21] vs. p53 negative group 16.7% [4/24], p=0.025). In the univariate analysis, the survival times in relation to smoking (pack-year), performance status (PS) and AI showed significant differences. The multivariate analysis demonstrated the relative risk (R.R) of cancer death increased almost 7.5-fold (R.R 7.482; 95% CI 1.886~29.678; p=0.004) and the risk of recurrence almost 3.8-fold (R.R 3.795; 95% CI; 1.184~12.158; p=0.025) in the high AI (> or =1) compared to the low AI (<1) group. There was no prognostic effect of p53 expression on the survival time or risk of cancer death and recurrence. CONCLUSION: In non-small cell lung carcinomas, M30 immunohistochemistry was an excellent method for analyzing apoptosis; the high apoptotic index could be an adverse prognostic predictive factor.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Death ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Smoke ; Smoking

Interferon-gamma has been suggested as a cytokine of connective tissue stabilizer. In addition, it has also been demonstrated that this cytokine inhibited bone remodeling activities of the bone derived cells. In order to illuminate the effects of this cytokine in orthodontic force induced bone remodeling, it was administered to primary cultured periodontal ligament cells which have been known to have some osteoblast like characteristics. Interferon-gamma slightly decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation rate without a significant change in the total cellular DNA content up to 1000 U/ml, which meant these doses were not cytotoxic to the cell. Total protein synthesis was not influenced by various concentration of interferon-gamma whether it was determined by the [3H]proline incorporation rate or by the Lowry smethod. The effect of interferon-gamma on the individual protein was, however, differential, ie, it increased [3H]proline incorporation into the noncollagenous protein marginally, while it decreased [3H]proline incorporation into the collagen, so that it caused dose-dependent suppression of the relative collagen synthesis. On the contrary, the fibronectin synthesis determined by the ELISA was increased by 1000 U/ml of interferon-gamma. The differential effects of the interferon-gamma on the collagen and fibronectin synthesis exhibited not only their protein level but also the steady state mRNA level. Interferon-gamma decreased steady state level of alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA significantly, while showing no significant changes in the fibronectin mRNA level. In addition to this, it was also found that indomethacin did not affect on the interferon-gamma induced collagen decrease in this cell, which meant prostaglandins were not involved in the process of interferon-gamma induced collagen decrease. So it can be concluded that the incubation of periodontal ligament cells with 1000 U/ml of interferon-gamma for 24 hr showed differential effects on the type I collagen and fibronectin gene expression. The decrease in relative collagen synthesis in the protein level was related with decrease in the steady state level of mRNA, while the increase in the fibronectin synthesis in the protein level was not correlated with the mRNA level.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bone Remodeling ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen* ; Connective Tissue ; DNA ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibronectins* ; Gene Expression ; Indomethacin ; Interferon-gamma* ; Osteoblasts ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Procollagen ; Prostaglandins ; RNA, Messenger