No abstract available.
Humans ; Spondylolisthesis*

No abstract available.
Hematoma* ; Orbit*

The authors report a case of acute nontraumatic spinal epidural hematoma which extending from C4 to C6. A 70-year-old woman was presented with neck pain and left hemiparesis. T1-weighted magnetic resonance image revealed a mass isointense to the spinal cord and the mass was slightly enhanced after administration of gadolinium. T2-weighted images revealed high signal in the left posterolateral part of the spinal canal at the level of C4-C6. Evacuation of an epidural hematoma was performed with laminectomy. The pathological examination did not reveal any malformation within this hematoma. The patient showed complete recovery of the deficits. Medical investigation yielded thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly derived from liver cirrhosis. Thrombocytopenia and mechanical factor may be considered as etiologic factors in this case.
Aged ; Female ; Gadolinium ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal* ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Neck Pain ; Paresis ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spine* ; Splenomegaly ; Thrombocytopenia

Cerebral vascular reserve capacity was evaluated by acetazolamide activated 99m Tc-HMPAO brain SPECT in 17 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Abnormal reactivity of the vascular reserve capacity correlated very well with the prognosis of these patients. This study would also help to make decision of the surgical timing for the ruptured aneurysm. In patients with normal response to acetazolamide activated vascular reactivity, vasodilatory drug such as calcium channel blocker is recommaned for the treatment of vasospasm. This study should be done as early as possible during the period of vasospasm to aid in the diagnosis, and in treating the vasospasm. Although this study has a minimal transient side effect of acetazolamide such as dizziness there was no major complication.
Acetazolamide* ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Brain ; Calcium Channels ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial

Congenital leukemia is a rare disease developing within the first 4 to 6 weeks of life, whose natural history is quite different from that of childhood and adult leukemia. Leukemia cutis occurs in 25% to 30% of infants with congenital leukemia and is more frequently associated with acute myeloid leukemia than acute lymphocytic leukemia. We report a case of congenital leukemia cutis in which a walnut-sized, slightly erythematous, dome-shaped tumor that had developed at left frontal area since birth was confirmed by skin biopsy. A review and analysis of Korean literature pertaining specially to leukemia cutis in congenital leukemia is presented along with the report of an additional case.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Natural History ; Parturition ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Rare Diseases ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the flow signal chracteristics of 3 dimensional time of flight MR angiography (3D TOF MRA) by using a flow phantom model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nonpulsatile flow phantom and tap water were used in this experiment. We performed FISP 3D TOF MRA with various values of parameters (repetition time ; 34-100 msec, flip angle ; 10degrees-50degrees, flow velocity ; 14.7-73.6 cm/sec, Gd-DTPA concentration ; 0.6-3.6 mmol/liter). The values of flow signal intensity (SI), signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were measured from base images of each MRA. The measured values were displayed graphically and analyzed statistically in relation to various parameters. RESULTS: A prolongation of repetition time resulted in a decrease of CNR of flow. As flip angles increased, SNR and CNR of flow also increased but larger flip angles of more than 40degrees rapidly saturated exit flow. As the flow velocities increased in a range of 14.7-73.6 cm/sec, SNR and CNR of flow decreased. This may be related to the phase dispersion effect of laminar flow, more dominat than the TOF effect. The addition of Gd-DTPA to water increased SNR and CNR of exit flow. There were however, no significant differences of SI, SNR or CNR of flow among the various concentrations of Gd-DTPA. CONCLUSION: An experimental MRA study using a flow phantom model was useful in understanding the flow signal characteristics of 3D TOF MRA within various MRA parameters. Our preliminary results can be used as basic data for refined flow experiments.
Angiography* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Noise ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Water

The use of steroids has long been reported many side effects. Steroid-induced mental disorder is one of many complications associated with corticosteroid therapy. Steroid psychosis is not common disease but it may be more popular due to high steroid therapy such as pulse therapy or high dose steroid therapy. Euphoria, irritability, insomnia, and hallucination are predominating symptoms. The dosage, duration of the treatment may not be correlated with the time of the onset, duration, severity, or type of mental disturbances, but the risk of developing psychosis is increased to the high dose of steroid. It is usually reversible on dose reduction or discontinuation of the drug.
Euphoria ; Hallucinations ; Mental Disorders ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Steroids

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to correlate the MR findings with clinical stage and clinical outcome, and to describe the evolutional changes of abnormal MR findings of transverse myelitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records and spinal MR images of 23 patients with both clinical and radiological diagnosis of transverse myelitis were retrospectively reviewed. MR findings were correlated with clinical stages including interval between MR imaging and full development of clinical symptoms, and compared with the clinical outcome. RESULTS: Diffuse high signal intensity of the spinal cord on T2-weighted image with mild cord bulging (67%) and focal contrast enhancement of the cord (75%) were observed within the first four weeks after full development of clinical symptoms. The findings decreased in extent or vanished later than four weeks on either initial or follow-up MR images. Most patients with either cord atrophy or focal hemorrhagewithin the cord lesion had poor clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The MR findings of transverse myelitis are nonspecific, which may be seen in a variety of diseases. Serial MRIs, especially follow up examination over at least one month after full development of clinical symptoms are useful in the diagnosis of transverse myelitis and predicting its prognosis.
Atrophy ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Myelitis, Transverse* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord

After surgical operation in patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), normal pressure perfusion breakthrough (NPPB) is one of the major complications. Brain perfusion SPECT with acetazolamide stress was known to be useful to evaluate the vascular reserve in several neurological and neurosurgical conditions. The authors performed acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT in patients with AVM and compared the brain perfusion in the post-operative clinical courses. The acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT was helpful in defining the prognosis of the patients with AVM. We describe 4 patients with AVM who had acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT to examine the prognosis.
Acetazolamide* ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Perfusion* ; Prognosis* ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

The cause of propriospinal myoclonus (PSM) is idiopathic. Cervical trauma, ischemic myelopathy secondary to a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula, syringomyelia, Lyme neuroborreliosis, human immunodeficiency virus central nervous system infection, and cervical disc herniation can be the cause of PSM, but lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) induced PSM has not been reported. We describe a patient who presented with PSM induced by HIVD and was treated with an epidural steroid injection using a transforaminal approach.
Central Nervous System Infections ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ; HIV ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Intervertebral Disc ; Lyme Neuroborreliosis ; Myoclonus ; Spinal Cord Ischemia ; Syringomyelia