No abstract available.
Gait*

No abstract available.
Epidemiologic Studies* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

Lymph nodes, one of peripheral lymphoid organs, are the sites, where the lymphocytes receive their initial instructions for producing effector functioning resulting in humoral or cell-mediated immunity. Each lymph node consists of an outer cortex in which there are aggregates of cells constituting the follicles, B-cell areas. Some follicles have central areas called germinal centers, which stain lightly. Germinal centers are B lymphoblast cell areas arising eccentrically in primary lymphoid follicles in response to T-cell dependent antigenic stimulation and are the generally accepted sites of generation of memory B cells and undergoing isotype switching and somatic mutation. We observed the morphologic, cellular, protein and molecular events arising in mouse popliteal lymph nodes in response to T-cell dependent antigenic stimulation. In this study mice were immunized into footpads with TNP-chicken ovalbumin. The germinal center formation in primary follicles of popliteal lymph nodes was first observed 6 days after immunization and germinal centers persisted until 24 days of immunization. Lymph node cells were stained with PE-labeled anti-B220 antibody and/or FITC labeled PNA and analyzed by using FACScan. B cells (B220(+) cell) in lymph node increased after 3 days and peaked between 6 and 18 days after immunization. The proportion of germinal center B cells (B220, PNA(high) cells) among lymph node B cells was low (2%) before immunization but increased at day 6 (9%) and reached the peak (30%) at day 18. The expression of IgG1 productive mRNAs and germline transcripts were observed by using RT-PCR. The expression of IgG1 productive mRNA was detected at day 10 and continued until 24 days after immunization. The expression of IgG1 germline transcripts was observed 10 days after immunization and rapidly declined over the next one week. IgG1 anti-TNP antibody, main isotype of anti-TNP antibodies, was first detected at day 14 and reached the peak level 24 days after immunization. Taken these data together, we can conclude that the first immunological event observed from mouse popliteal lymph node in response to T-cell dependent antigenic stimulation is the increase in the number of B cells, and this event is followed by appearance of germinal center B cells and at the same time by the formation of germinal center in primary lymphoid follicles. Once the germinal center is formed, the process of isotype switching to IgG1 occurs in lymph node and antigen-specific IgG1 antibody is produced.
Animals ; Antibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Germinal Center ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphocytes ; Memory ; Mice ; Ovalbumin ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes

Mass electrocardiographic (ECG) examination was performed on 13,801 children (male 7,526 and female 6,275) of elementary and middle school in Taegu from May 1. 1986. to April 30. 1987. We read their ECG according to the “pediatric Electrocardiography”1) The results were as following: The incidence of ECG abnormality was 1.05% (male 1.3% and female 0.75%). Fifty eight children (0.42%) had atrial and ventricular hypertrophy; two right atrial hypertrophy, five left atrial hypertrophy, thirty five right ventricular hypertrophy and sixteen left ventricular hypertrophy respectively. Ectopic beats occurred in 25 children (0.18%); They were atrial in 12 children, ventricular in 8 children and junctional in 5 children. There were 62 children (0.45%) of conduction disturbance; They were first degree atrioventricular (A-V) block in 21 children, type I second degree A-V block in 1 child, A-V dissociation in 1 child, right, right bundle branch block in 36 children, left bundle branch block in 1 child and WPW syndrome in 2 children. Nonspecific ST, T changes and sinus tachycardia were found in 3 and one children respectively.
Bundle-Branch Block ; Child* ; Daegu ; Electrocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Heart Defects, Congenital*

For the determination of the usefulness of the pulsed Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis of ASD. We evaluated 185 children with congenital heart disase by subxiphoid approach. ASD was diagnosed when abnormal flow was recorded in right atrium. ASD was proved by surgery in 33 of 185 children with congenital heart disease, and all children had sugical correction of their heart deformities. On pulsed Doppler echocardiographic exmination, abnormal flow was recorded in 32 of the 33 children with ASD and 3 of 152 children without ASD. This pulsed Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis of ASD by abnormal flow in right atrium has sensitively of 97% and specificity of 98%. High correlation was found between the estimates of Qp/Qs ratio by Doppler and Fick method(r=0.90, P<0.01). So we concluded that pulsed Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis of ASD was specific and sensitive method and careful pulsed Doppler echocardiographic examination may avoid the unnecessary cardiac catheterizetion in patients with ASD.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

A histologic analysis of 10 cases of Wilms` tumor in the department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during 11 years periods from January, l975 to December, l985 has been carried out. A classification based on the tumor differentiation and degree of tubular formation are described. A comparison of the histologic findings with the survival was undertaken and it was found that the histologic classification was significantly correlated with survivals. The results were as follows : I. Low grade tumors(grade I) with predominance of differentiated tubules were associated with a better cure rate than high grade tumors(grade IH) composed mainly of undifferentiated spindle elements : 2 year or more survival rate was lOOf6 for grade I but O% for grade III. 2. Cure rate was lower for the low degree of tubular formation than for the high degree of tubular formation : 2-year cure rates were O%, O%, 33.3%, lOO% for group O, +,++ and +++ respectively. 3. 6 patients with the focal or diffuse anaplasia and sarcomatous stroma had a bad prognosis. giving a survival rate of 0%.
Anaplasia ; Classification ; Humans ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate ; Urology

No abstract available.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Autografts* ; Tendons* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Spondylolisthesis*

This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of cataract surgery and identify the characteristics of patients and surgeons, clinical and functional outcomes, and surgical methods associated with appropriate cataract surgery. For this purpose, Korean cases of cataract surgery were rated as either 'necessity', 'appropriate', 'uncertain' or 'inappropriate', based on RAND/UCLA Ratings. For this assessment, the cases of 222 patients who underwent cataract surgery, on either one or both eyes, were studied. The surgeries were performed by 20 ophthalmologists practicing at one of fourteen medical institutions (university hospitals and general hospitals). Patients were interviewed and clinical data collected. The Doctors were questioned with self-entered questionnaire forms. The medical records were also examined to gain an understanding of the surgical process. The ratings were as follows: 30.6% (68 patients) of surgeries belonged to the bracket "necessity", 46.4% (103 patients) to "appropriate", 15.3% (34 patients) to "uncertain" and 7.7% (17 patients) to "inappropriate". In this study, "necessity" and "appropriate" were defined as "appropriate" (77.0%, 171 patients), and "uncertain" and "inappropriate" as "inappropriate" (23.0%, 51 patients). The low preoperative Snellen visual acuity and visual function, advanced age and male patients were associated with appropriate surgery. It is concluded that appropriate surgery was related to the clinical and functional outcomes (visual acuity and visual function) and patient characteristics (age and male).
Aged ; Cataract Extraction/*standards/*utilization ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Patient Satisfaction ; Questionnaires ; Unnecessary Procedures ; Visual Acuity