The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the balloon bronchoplasty in the treatment of the tuberculous bronchostenosis. Balloon bronchoplasty was performed in thirteen patients with stenosis of the left main bronchus (two with combined left upper and lower lobar bronchostenosis) using a inflatable balloon catheter under a fluoroscopic guide. We analysed the changes in the changes in the severity of dyspnea and wheezing, serial FEV1/FVC as a parameter of the airflow obstruction, and bronchial diameter and lung volume on chest radiographs. The extent of pulmonary tuberculosis was correlated with the improvement of FEV1/FVC. There was an improvement of dyspnea in 69%(9/13), decrease of wheezing in 69%(9/13), significant increase of FEV1/FVC in 18% (2/11). The increase of the bronchial diameter and lung volume were seen in 84%(11/13) and 53% (7/13), respectively. The significant increase of FEVI/FVC was seen in 28% (2/7) of the patients with lung involvement of tuberculosis less than one third of left upper lobe, whereas there was no increase in those of more than one third. There was no complication except transient leukocytosis, fever and blood-tinged sputum. In conclusion, balloon bronchoplasty is effective in the treatment of medically intractable tuberculous bronchostenosis, and can be considered as an initial method of treatment.
Bronchi ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Lung ; Methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the balloon bronchoplasty in the treatment of the tuberculous bronchostenosis. Balloon bronchoplasty was performed in thirteen patients with stenosis of the left main bronchus (two with combined left upper and lower lobar bronchostenosis) using a inflatable balloon catheter under a fluoroscopic guide. We analysed the changes in the changes in the severity of dyspnea and wheezing, serial FEV1/FVC as a parameter of the airflow obstruction, and bronchial diameter and lung volume on chest radiographs. The extent of pulmonary tuberculosis was correlated with the improvement of FEV1/FVC. There was an improvement of dyspnea in 69%(9/13), decrease of wheezing in 69%(9/13), significant increase of FEV1/FVC in 18% (2/11). The increase of the bronchial diameter and lung volume were seen in 84%(11/13) and 53% (7/13), respectively. The significant increase of FEVI/FVC was seen in 28% (2/7) of the patients with lung involvement of tuberculosis less than one third of left upper lobe, whereas there was no increase in those of more than one third. There was no complication except transient leukocytosis, fever and blood-tinged sputum. In conclusion, balloon bronchoplasty is effective in the treatment of medically intractable tuberculous bronchostenosis, and can be considered as an initial method of treatment.
Bronchi ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Lung ; Methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

PURPOSE: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in the formation of cartilage and bone, as well as regulating the growth of chondroblasts and osteoblasts. In this study, we investigated whether recombinant human BMP adenoviruses are available for ex vivo gene therapy, using human fibroblasts and human bone marrow stromal cells in an animal spinal fusion model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human fibroblasts and human bone marrow stromal cells were transduced with recombinant BMP-2 adenovirus (AdBMP-2) or recombinant BMP-7 adenovirus (AdBMP-7), referred to as AdBMP-7/BMSC, AdBMP-2/BMSC, AdBMP-7/HuFb, and AdBMP-2/HuFb. We showed that each cell secreted active BMPs by alkaline phosphatase staining. Since AdBMP-2 or AdBMP-7 tranducing cells were injected into the paravertebral muscle of athymic nude mice, at 4 weeks and 7 weeks, we confirmed that new bone formation occurred by induction of spinal fusion on radiographs and histochemical staining. RESULTS: In the region where the AdBMP-7/BMSC was injected, new bone formation was observed in all cases and spinal fusion was induced in two of these. AdBMP-2/BMSC induced bone formation and spinal fusion occurred among one of five. However, in the region where AdBMP/HuFb was injected, neither bone formation nor spinal fusion was observed. CONCLUSION: The osteoinductivity of AdBMP-7 was superior to that of AdBMP-2. In addition, the human bone marrow stromal cells were more efficient than the human fibroblasts for bone formation and spinal fusion. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that AdBMP-7/ BMSC would be the most useful approach to ex vivo gene therapy for an animal spinal fusion model.
Adenoviridae* ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Fibroblasts ; Genetic Therapy* ; Humans* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Spinal Fusion* ; Spine

The postmortem diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is sometimes difficult for forensic pathologists especially when microscopic ischemic change in the myocardium is not detected at the early stages of ischemic injury by conventional staining techniques. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein in human myocardium, which is phosphorylated and localized to the intercalated discs in the normal cardiac muscles. However, during ischemia and hypoxia, total Cx43 (tCx43) undergoes progressive dephosphorylation and concomitant accumulation of non-phosphorylated Cx43 (npCx43) at the lateral cell borders. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the immunohistochemical expression of Cx43 in the myocardium as an early ischemic marker in forensic autopsy. The study group consisted of 24 cases listing patients who died of ischemic heart disease (IHD) with severe coronary atherosclerosis that showed no myocardial pathology. Cases of sudden death of individuals from non-IHD (n=16) were used as controls. The survival times in both IHD and non-IHD groups were within 24 hours of the onset of angina symptoms, related injury, or the event for the cause of death. There was a statistically significant difference in tCx43 and npCX43 immunopositivity in the IHD group due to their expression patterns. In the IHD group, the redistribution of Cx43 expression from the intercalated discs to the lateral cell borders occurred more frequently than in the non-IHD group. In conclusion, the different expression patterns of tCx43 and npCx43 in the myocardium in IHD could be used as adjunctive ischemic markers.
Anoxia ; Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Connexin 43* ; Connexins ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Death, Sudden ; Diagnosis ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium* ; Pathology

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to report 2 cases of coronal vertebral fracture after an OLIF procedure in non-osteoporotic patients without significant trauma, and to review the complications of OLIF.SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: There is a growing but limited literature describing early postoperative complications after OLIF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient 1 was an obese woman who underwent 2-level OLIF with posterior instrumentation procedures and subsequently experienced 2-level coronal plane fractures. Patient 2 was an elderly man who underwent 3-level OLIF without posterior instrumentation and experienced 1 coronal vertebral fracture. We report vertebral body fracture as a complication of OLIF through these 2 cases. RESULTS: Patient 1 was treated nonsurgically after the fractures. The fractures healed uneventfully. However, patient 2 underwent posterior instrumented fusion and had a solid bridging bone above and below the fracture. Factors potentially contributing to these fractures are discussed. CONCLUSIONS OLIF is an effective procedure for several spinal diseases. However, fracture can occur after OLIF even in non-osteoporotic patients. Factors such as intraoperative end-plate breach, subsidence, cage rolling, and inadequate posterior instrumentation could contribute to the development of fractures after oblique interbody fusion.

STUDY DESIGN: Although the frequency of the oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) procedure has increased in recent years, reports on its complications remain rare. We report 2 cases of vertebral fracture after OLIF. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to report 2 cases of coronal vertebral fracture after an OLIF procedure in non-osteoporotic patients without significant trauma, and to review the complications of OLIF. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: There is a growing but limited literature describing early postoperative complications after OLIF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient 1 was an obese woman who underwent 2-level OLIF with posterior instrumentation procedures and subsequently experienced 2-level coronal plane fractures. Patient 2 was an elderly man who underwent 3-level OLIF without posterior instrumentation and experienced 1 coronal vertebral fracture. We report vertebral body fracture as a complication of OLIF through these 2 cases. RESULTS: Patient 1 was treated nonsurgically after the fractures. The fractures healed uneventfully. However, patient 2 underwent posterior instrumented fusion and had a solid bridging bone above and below the fracture. Factors potentially contributing to these fractures are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: OLIF is an effective procedure for several spinal diseases. However, fracture can occur after OLIF even in non-osteoporotic patients. Factors such as intraoperative end-plate breach, subsidence, cage rolling, and inadequate posterior instrumentation could contribute to the development of fractures after oblique interbody fusion.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Spinal Diseases

Objective: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is currently widely used for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of CAS performed in a single institution. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 313 CAS cases from January 2007 to December 2020, including 206 (66%) symptomatic and 107 (34%) asymptomatic cases. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality were assessed. Rates of periprocedural (≤30 days after CAS) and postprocedural ipsilateral strokes (>30 days after CAS) were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for the periprocedural complication, in-stent restenosis (ISR), and ipsilateral stroke. Results: The success rate of CAS was 98%. Among 313 cases, 1 patient died due to hyperperfusion-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The CAS-related mortality rate was 0.31%. The overall incidence of periprocedural complications is 5.1%. A risk factor for periprocedural complication was a symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (7.3% vs. 0.9%, p=0.016). Twenty cases of ISR occurred during 63.7±42.1 months of follow-up. The overall incidence of ISR was 10.2% (20/196). A risk factors for ISR were diabetes mellitus (17.6% vs. 5.7%, p=0.008) and patients who used Open-cell stents (19.6% vs. 6.9%, p=0.010). The overall incidence of ipsilateral stroke is 5.6%. A risk factors for ipsilateral stroke was ISR (95% CI, p=0.002). Conclusions CAS is a safe and effective procedure for carotid artery stenosis. Although the incidence of complications is low, fatal complication such as hyperperfusion- related ICH can occur. To prevent hyperperfusion-related ICH, several methods such as strict blood pressure (BP) control, intentional less widening of stenotic segment should be used. To prevent ISR or stroke occurrence, special attention should be paid to patients who have ISR or ipsilateral stroke risk factors.

PURPOSE : To evaluate MR image qualities we developed a new MRI phantom with the fixation structures necessary to position it into coil firmly. MATERIALS AND METHODS : We designed MRI phantom for eight evaluation items such as slice thickness accuracy, high contrast spatial resolution, low contrast object detectability, geometry accuracy, slice position accuracy, image intensity uniformity, percent signal ghosting and signal to noise ratio. For the positioning of phantom at coils, the fixation structures were set up on the surface of phantom. Six different MRI units were used for test the possibility for the clinical application and their image qualities were evaluated. RESULTS : We acquired appropriate MR image qualities enough for the evaluation on all used MR units and confirmed that their evaluations were within reliable values compared to real ones for some items. The positioning of our phantom into head coils with fixation structures worked well for proper imaging. CONCLUSION : We found that our prototype of MRI phantom had the possibility of clinical application for MR image quality assessment.
Head ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Quality Control ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

Painful 203 patients with chronic pain were treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the CNS & Pain Management Institute of St. Paul's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, Seoul, Korea. Each patient was instructed on the method of autostimulation with variations in for an initial observation frequency and intensity. The effect were recorded daily period of about 3 weeks. The patients were evaluated at suitable intervals and asked to grade the relief of pain on a percentage scale. Four categories of pain relief were established : 80% to 100%(A), 60% to 80%(B), 30% to 60%(C), 0% to 30%(D). This procedure with modern, solid state devise has been tried enough that it can be recommended as a potentials treatment for most types of pain about 90% of pain problems can be managed in this way. The mode of action of transcutaneous Electrical nerve stimulation is most simple and can not be explained only by gate control theory.
Chronic Pain* ; Humans ; Korea ; Pain Management ; Seoul ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An understanding of the cross-sectional structures and histological features of experimental animals is necessary for conducting the research of rhinosinusitis in experimental animals. The aim of this study is to determine the most suitable cross-sectional level of rhinosinusitis in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study examined the histological features of the mucosal epithelium, gland, lymphoid tissue, and vomeronasal organs using 4 week-old male rats weighing 60-70 g as test subjects. Whole mounted sinus-nose complexes were divided into four levels of areas which were sectioned according to the coronal plane and each section was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and observed under light microscopy. RESULTS: Level I revealed the nasal turbinate, maxilloturbinale, and nasolacrimal duct. Level II revealed the nasal turbinate, maxilloturbinale, vomeronasal organ, and nasolacrimal duct. Level III revealed the ectoturbinale I, II, endoturbinale II, III, maxillary sinus, Steno's gland, maxillary sinus gland, and nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). Level IV revealed the ectoturbinale II, endoturbinale III, IV, pharyx respiratorius, and NALT. The lining epithelia were squamous, respiratory and olfactory. However, the squamous epithelium was not observed in level III and IV. CONCLUSION: The Level III appears to be the most suitable for the rhinosinusitis animal rat model since we can observe the respiratory epithelium lined sinonasal airspace including the maxillary sinus and NALT.
Animals ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Microscopy ; Models, Animal ; Nasal Cavity* ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Nose ; Paranasal Sinuses* ; Rats* ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Turbinates ; Vomeronasal Organ