Diencephalic syndrome is a rare cause of failure to thrive in infancy and early childhood. The syndrome is characterized by profound emaciation with normal appetite, loss of cutaneous adipose tissue, hyperactivity, euphoria, and nystagmus. It commonly occurs in association with chiasmatic and hypothalamic gliomas. It has also been described in association with other histologic types. There is the marked increase of serum growth hormone, which may exhibit an inappropriate, even paradoxical response in stimulation test. A male infant of 12 months of age, showed markedly elevated growth hormone but he had failure to thrive findings. Evenly enhanced round mass was seen at suprasella area in brain CT. Its histological findings was "Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma", very rare histologic type. Here we report a case of diencephalic syndrome presented by failure to thrive in association with hypothalamic tumors.
Adipose Tissue ; Appetite ; Brain ; Emaciation ; Euphoria ; Failure to Thrive ; Glioma ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hypothalamic Neoplasms ; Infant ; Male

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a system dynamics model for adolescent obesity in Korea that could be used for obesity policy analysis. METHODS: On the basis of the casual loop diagram, a model was developed by converting to stock and flow diagram. The Vensim DSS 5.0 program was used in the model development. We simulated method of moments to the calibration of this model with data from The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2005 to 2013. We ran the scenario simulation. RESULTS: This model can be used to understand the current adolescent obesity rate, predict the future obesity rate, and be utilized as a tool for controlling the risk factors. The results of the model simulation match well with the data. It was identified that a proper model, able to predict obesity probability, was established. CONCLUSION: These results of stock and flow diagram modeling in adolescent obesity can be helpful in development of obesity by policy planners and other stakeholders to better anticipate the multiple effects of interventions in both the short and the long term. In the future we suggest the development of an expanded model based on this adolescent obesity model.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Internet ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Obesity/*pathology ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; *Risk-Taking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) is a relatively common benign proliferative lesion which was first described by Gagucas et al in 1995. VMGH is usually found in radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection specimens and rarely in needle biopsy specimens. The histologic feature of VMGH is characterized by well-circumscribed proliferation of small glands and thus VMGH may mimic low grade adenocarcinoma. We report a case of VMGH from a 61-year-old man. The lesion coexisted with prostatic adenocarcinoma on radical prostatectomy specimen. The lesion was a well circumscribed microacinar proliferation which was present between the openings of ejaculatory ducts. The acini consisted of two cell layers with inner secretory cuboidal epithelium and outer basal cell. Typically, the lumen contained many corpora amylacea. Nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleolus, or mitotic figure was not identified. Because of small gland proliferation of VMGH, this lesion can be confused with other small gland proliferative lesions, such as low grade adenocarcinoma, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, mesonephric hyperplasia, and nephrogenic adenoma. To avoid misdiagnosis of VMGH as carcinoma, one should be familiar with this lesion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnostic Errors ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy

BACKGROUND: Solvents play an immense role in the industria sector. Irritant dermatitis which is more common than allergic contact dermatitis can be caused by solvents. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the skin irritancy of several solvents using human and guinea pig skin models. METHODS: The skin responses to short contact with etharol, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and xylene were measured by visual scoring of erythm, transepidermal water loss and laser doppler flowmetry. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows . 1. Guinea pig and human skin responses to normal saline, ethanol, and acetone were nearly negligible. 2. Guinea pig skin responses to 99.9% DMSO under occlusion for 0.5 min were assessed by visual scoring system, TEWL, and LDF. They are measured 3+0.(0,1+21.70, 45+12.70 at 5 min after removal of 99.9% DMSQ, and 0.83+0.41, 10.5+3.83, 36+4.0, to 120 min after removal. 3. Guinea pig skin responses to 97% xylene under occlusion for 5 nin were assessed by visual scoring system, TEWL and LDF. They are measured 3+0.00, 1. 5.82, 77+11.7 at 5 min after removal of 97% xylene, and 1.83+0.75, 5.5+3.21, 39.17+11.53 at l2 min after removal. 4. Human skin responses to 75% DMSO under occlusion for 1 min were assessed by visual scoring system, TEWL and LDF. They are measured 2,5+0.5, 63+25.8, 51+13.7 at 5 min after removal of 75% DMSO, and 0.17+0.41, 14.67+15.87, 21.17-8. 1 at 120 min after removal. 5. Human skin responses to 97% xylene under occlusion for 12 min were assessed by visual scoring system, TEWL and LDF. They are measured 2.7+0.52+4.22, 76+14.30 at 5 min after removal of 97% xylene, and 0+0, 2.5+0.55, 3.17+0.98, 120 emOVBI. CONCLUSION: Short contact vrith DMSO and xylene cause visib erythema and an increase in TEWL and cutaneous blood flow. The reaction patterns in hurr an and guinea pig skin models were similar.
Acetone ; Animals ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Irritant* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Erythema ; Ethanol ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Lichen Planus ; Skin ; Solvents* ; Xylenes

The immature neonatal brain is susceptible to the development of seizures. Seizures occur in 1% to 5% of infants during the neonatal period. Neonatal seizures are most commonly associated with serious acute illnesses, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, birth trauma, metabolic disturbances, or infections. Thus, newborn infants with seizures are at risk for neonatal death and survivors are at risk for neurologic impairment, developmental delay, and subsequent epilepsy. Experimental data have also raised concerns about the potential adverse effects of the currently used anticonvulsants in neonates on brain development. Therefore, in the management of neonatal seizures, confirmatory diagnosis and optimal, but shorter, duration of anticonvulsant therapy is essential. Nevertheless, there has been substantial progress in understanding the developmental mechanisms that influence seizure generation and responsiveness to anticonvulsants. The currently used therapies have limited efficacy and the treatment of neonatal seizures has not significantly changed in the past several decades, This review includes an overview of current approaches to the treatment of neonatal seizures.
Anticonvulsants ; Brain ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Parturition ; Seizures ; Survivors

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Vacuum

OBJECTIVE: Immunofluorescence microscopy including confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy were used to study the production of fibronectin, tenascin, and laminin in the cumulus-corona (CC) cells surrounding mature, unfertilized oocytes after ovulation in view of their presumptive importance in the coordination of the processes leading to fertilization and early embryo cleavage, including the final maturation of the ovum, the sperm-egg interaction, and the complex biochemical mechanism between the ovum and the oviduct. METHODS: Mature oocyte-cumulus complex (OCC) was cultured for 24 and 48 hour and fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde. Specimens were incubated with a mixture of primary monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes of fibronectin, tenascin, and laminin, and then with a mixture of secondary antibodies containing FITC, TRITC, and Cy-5 conjugated antibodies. Observation was made by confocal laser scanning microscope equipped with epifluorescece optics. Transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the OCC at 24 and 48 hours after cultrue. RESULTS: The immunocytochemical date demonstrated that CC masses are capable of producing fibronectin and tenascin but their production is heterogeneous in the CC population. Immunoreactivity to fibronectin and tenascin was shown mostly by inner corona cells, and the intensity of immunofluorescence decreased from the central corona cells to the peripheral cumulus cells. Colocalization of fibronectin and tenascin was evident in most CC cells. Moreover, fibronectin and tenascin immunoreactive material was observed in the intracytoplasmic areas, at the plasma membrane level as well as in the extracellular matrix. Whereas, laminin immunofluorescence was found around plasma membrane and extracellular area, but a intracytoplasmic reaction was rarely observed. The distribution of laminin immunofluorescence was similar to that of fibronectin and tenascin, but in some cumulus cells, colocalization between them was not found. Ultrastructurally, cumulus cells projected numerous long, thin microvilli into the intercellular area and some micovilli penetrated into zona pellucida. The inner layer of the cumulus mass was loose arrangement of relatively uniform, small cells with widened intercellular spaces, whereas in the outer layer, cumulus cells are rather larger in size and compact arrangement by narrow, irregular spaces. A small and large linear gap junctions were easily found at cell contacts. The cytoplasm of most cells had abundant organelles typical of steroidogenesis: numerous mitochondrias, a well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, electron dense lipid droplets, and bundles of microtubules and microfilaments. Rudimentary disrupted basal lamina along the cytoplasmic border was rarely seen in a few inner conora cells. CONCLUSION: Even though the functional role of these extracellular matrix proteins remains still unclear, it is reasonable to suggest that they are necessary in various steps of the reproductive process. Cumulus cells appears to be a heterogeneous and dynamic system for suitable microenviroment of fertilization. And functional differences between corona and cumulus cells during the oocyte denudation may be accounted for particular distribution of these adhesive proteins and steroidogenesis-related organelles.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Adhesives ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Basement Membrane ; Cell Membrane ; Cumulus Cells ; Cytoplasm ; Embryonic Structures ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth ; Epitopes ; Extracellular Matrix ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Extracellular Space ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fibronectins* ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Formaldehyde ; Gap Junctions ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laminin* ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron* ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microtubules ; Microvilli ; Mitochondria ; Oocytes ; Organelles ; Oviducts ; Ovulation ; Ovum ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Tenascin* ; Zona Pellucida

Human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is a serine esterase that hydrolyzes various exogenous compounds. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CES1 may lead to inter-individual metabolic variability of its substrates. The allele and haplotype frequencies of known SNPs have been demonstrated to vary among ethnic groups. We analyzed genetic variations of CES1 in a Korean population. Direct sequencing of all exons and flanking regions of the CES1 gene was performed on samples obtained from 200 Koreans. We identified 41 SNPs. The most frequent SNPs was -914G>C (frequency: 99.5%), followed by 4256G>A (frequency: 65.8%), -75T>G (frequency: 59.3%). Haplotype analysis using the identified SNPs revealed fifteen haplotypes (> or =1% haplotype frequency) in our samples. The most frequent haplotype was Hap1 (frequency: 15.4%). Among the identified 41 SNPs, nine of which are novel variants and 14 SNPs were nonsynonymous variants. Using the functional predictive software PolyPhen-2, the G19V, E221G, and A270S variants were predicted to be most likely damaging to the function and structure of CES1. In-vitro analyses for two of these variants have been previously performed; however, functional evaluation of E221G (11657A>G, rs200707504) still needs to be conducted. Therefore, further studies are warranted to characterize the functional impact of E221G on CES1 activity.
Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carboxylesterase* ; Ethnic Groups ; Exons ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Serine

PURPOSE: This study performed a comparative evaluation of nutritional condition's improvement and clinical effects in accordance with the Nutrition Support Team (NST) consultation compliance of critically ill pediatric patients. METHODS: The medical records of 64 critically ill pediatric patients (2 to 18 years old), who were officially referred to a NST consultant in pediatric intensive care unit from January to August 2015, were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the compliance of NST consultation answers. The total delivered/required caloric and protein ratio, weight, serum total protein, serum albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were compared. RESULTS: According to the NST consultation answer, 'nutrition support increase' occupied the largest proportion at 38.5%; 'maintenance' and 'decrease' accounted for 35.7% and 18.2% respectively. The NST compliance group and non-compliance group were 20 and 14 patients, respectively. Although total delivered/required caloric ratio was significantly increased in the NST compliance group (19.7%, P=0.036), there was no significant difference in the NST non-compliance group (5.1%, P=0.692). The total delivered/required protein ratio was increased (15.1%, P=0.163) in the NST compliance group and decreased (-4.7%, P=0.774) in the NST non-compliance group. The NST non-compliance group (-8.6%, P=0.219) was further reduced weight than the NST compliance group (-1.0%, P=0.820). The serum albumin was significantly increased in the NST compliance group (13.1%, P=0.003), but there was no difference in the NST non-compliance group (7.1%, P=0.433). CONCLUSION: Although 56.7% of NST consultations were needed for nutritional interventions, a lower NST compliance (53.8%) is the limit of nutritional support. The NST compliance group was supplied adequately with more calories and protein than before consultation and a more improved nutritional status. Therefore, aggressive NST consultation can help increase the therapeutic effect by improving the nutritional status. This study will form the basis to seek ways to further enhance NST compliance.
Compliance* ; Consultants ; Critical Illness* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Medical Records ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritional Support ; Pediatrics ; Referral and Consultation ; Serum Albumin

Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon lymphoreticular disorder which primarily involves bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. Patients, mostly men, present with splenomegaly and pancytopenia usually. A 62-year-old man was admitted with an abdominnal mass which had grown slowly for 20 years. On physical examination, an enlarged spleen was palpated without tenderness. An abdominal CT scan showed a diffusely enlarged spleen, which measured 20 cm in greatest dimension. In the peripheral blood, many atypical lymphocytes with abundant, delicate, surface projections were noted. They had tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) activity. Thrombocytopenia (60,000/mm3) was observed in the complete blood counts, Other laboratory data were within normal limits. He underwent splenectomy. The submitted spleen measured 26x15x5 cm and weighed 2150 gm. It was well encapsulated and the outer surface was smooth. Cut surfaces were diffusely dark-red. White and red pulps were indistinct. There was no mass-like lesion. Microscopically, the spleen consisted of monotonous mononulcear cells which involved red pulp. The white pulp was diminished, and could be barely recognized. Cells had small round nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, cells with numerous slender surface projections were noted. In Korea, hairy cell leukemia is exceedingly rare. We report a case of hairy cell leukemia with characteristic pathologic features of spleen as well as those of peripheral blood.
Male ; Humans