PURPOSE: Prostatic tumor induced gene-1 (PTI-1) is a mutated human EF-la and putative prostatic carcinoma tumor-inducing oncogene, that is differently expressed in prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. And, it is more sensitive marker than prostate- specific antigen (PSA) for detecting human prostate cancer in the bloodstream. This study invastigated the expression of PTI-1 in paraffin embedded tissue of prostatic carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia using in situ PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we evaluated expression of PTI-1 in prostatic carcinoma with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) of 32 cases, benign hyperplasia of 20 cases, high grade transitional cell carcinoma of 10 cases and colon cancer of 10 cases for control group. Also, the immunohistochemical staining for PSA was performed to comparison with clinical value of PSA. RESULTS: The serum level of PSA was closely related to stage and Gleason score (p < 0.05). However, the results of immunohistochemical stains were variable to stage and Gleason score. PTI-1 using in situ PCR expressed in 50% of prostatic carcinoma, 41% of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 10% of benign hyperplasia and colon cancer (p < 0.05). No expression is observed in transitional cell carcinoma. In prostatic carcinoma, PTI-1 expressed in 43.8% (7/16) of stage II, 50.0% (5/10) of stage III, and 66.7% (4/6) of stage IV (p<0.05). In PIN, expression of PTI-1 was similar to prostatic carcinoma (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: PTI-1 represented a relatively sensitive marker for prostatic carcinoma and PIN, indicator of prostatic carcinoma progression.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Coloring Agents ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Neoplasm Grading ; Oncogenes* ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Prostatic Neoplasms

An experimental studies were carried out to observe the protective effects of malotilate, a new antihepatotoxic agent, on the chronic hepatic injury induced by CCl4 with or without ethanol. The rats used weighed about 200g were divided into 2 groups, 4 weeks & 8 weeks. Each group was given by orally with malotilate, 100 mg/kg, once a day, and was injected by subcutaneously with CCl4 1.5 mg/kg in a mixture with olive oil twice a week. Aqueous ethanol (20%) was administered in drinking water daily. The serochemical and histopathological studies were carried out in each experimental group. The results were as follows: 1. The chronic liver injuries induced by CCl4 with or without ethanol were significantly ameliorated by normalize serum values GOT, GPT. Alkaline phosphatase, Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. 2. In Group of 4 weeks, malotilate manifested protective effects by significant inhibition of fatty changes, spotty necrosis and fibrosis in CCl4-intoxicated liver with or without additional ethanol. 3. In group of 8 weeks, malotilate significantly imoproved fatty changes, fibrogenic activity in the group administered with CCl4, followed by ethanol.
Rats ; Animals

We present an ultrastructure of an incidentally found renomedullary interstitial tumor also called as medullary fibroma in a 77 year-old female who had a metastatic adenocarcinoma of colon to the ureter. This tumor was a small and grayish white nodule in renal medulla, measuring 0.4 x 0.4 cm. Microscopically the tumor composed of spindle cells, with some vacuolation and intercellular collagen fibers. The electron microscopic observation of the spindle cells reveal that nuclei are spindle to oval shape and cytoplasm contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosome without microfilaments and cisterna like structures supporting that the renomedullary interstitial cell tumor is renal interstitial cell origin than fibroblasts.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

The E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin expressions were immunohistochemically investigated in paraffin-embedded materials of 80 cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas. The staining similar to normal colorectal mucosa with preserved strong membranous staining pattern was considered normal or preserved expression. The X2 test was used to analyse the statistical correlation of cadherin/catenin expression with clinicopathologic parameters and the Breslow test for the correlation with survival length. Normal colorectal mucosa showed strong membranous expression of cadherin/catenin complex. The reduced E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin expression were found in 53/80 (66.3%), 46/80 (57.5%), and 44/80 (55.5%) cases of colorectal cancers examined, respectively. There were significant correlations between E- cadherin and alpha -catenin (p=0.035), and between alpha-catenin and beta-catenin (p=0.013). The reduced E-cadherin expression was associated with histologic dedifferentiation, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage (p<0.05), poor clinical outcome in stage II (p=0.016) and the reduced alpha-catenin expression with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (p<0.05). Reduced expression of two or more proteins was correlated with lymph node matastasis, histologic dedifferentiation, clinical stage, and survival (p<0.05). The present study demonstrates a significant down-regulation of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin expression in colorectal cancer is associated with tumor invasiveness, histologic dedifferentiation, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. These results suggest that E-cadherin and alpha-catenin may be useful markers of invasiveness, lymph node metastatic potential, and clinical stage and of value as prognostic markers in the earlier stage. Further studies are needed to confirm the prognostic value of these cadherin/catenin complex.
Adenocarcinoma* ; alpha Catenin* ; beta Catenin* ; Cadherins* ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Down-Regulation ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis

BACKGROUND: DNA topoisomerase II-alpha is linked with active cell proliferation in mammalian cells. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha as a proliferating marker, and the expression of Ki-67 and apoptosis in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder based on World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) consensus classification. METHODS: 73 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder after transurethral resection and 25 carcinomas after radical cystectomy were investigated for histologic grading based on WHO and WHO/ISUP consensus classification. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue of 98 specimens from 73 patients were immunohistochemically stained for DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and Ki-67, and in situ TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method for evaluation of apoptotic cells was performed. For each case, a DNA topoisomerase II-alpha, Ki-67, and apoptotic indices were determined. RESULTS: The histologic grades of 73 cases based on the WHO grading system were 21.9% (16 cases) in grade 1, 65.8% (48 cases) in grade 2, and 12.3% (9 cases). 5.5% (4 cases) of papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential, 47.9% (35 cases) of urothelial carcinoma of low grade, and 46.6% (34 cases) in urothelial carcinoma of high grade were reclassified using the WHO/ISUP consensus classification. Histologic grades based on two grading systems were correlated to invasion and stage (p<0.05). DNA topoisomerase II-alpha, Ki-67, and apoptotic indices were correlated to histologic grades based on two grading system and invasion. Also, the correlation of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and Ki-67 indices, and DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and apoptotic indices were significant, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DNA topoisomerase II-alpha appears to be an useful marker for assessing the proliferation potential of urothelial carcinoma of in the urinary bladder.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Proliferation ; Classification* ; Consensus* ; Cystectomy ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I* ; DNA* ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Paraffin ; Pathology* ; Urinary Bladder* ; World Health* ; World Health Organization

Rabies is a fetal viral encephalitis to which all mammals, including man are susceptible. This virus, the genus of Rhabdovirus, is usually present in the saliva of infected animals and is transmitted by their bite. As a rule the virus enter the CNS by ascending along peripheral nervous system and extremely variable in extent. Negri bodies are appear in about 75% of cases. These bodies are eosinophilic, usually rounded inclusions and is located in the cystoplasm of the neurons, most frequently in the pyramidal neurons of the Hippocampus and the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. We have experienced a case of canine rabies that showed Negri bodies in the Purkinje cells along with diffuse degenerative encephalitis and perivascular mononuclear cells infiltration. The Negri bodies were best demonstrated by Negri body staining although routine H-E staind was also useful. There inclusion bodies were located exclusively in the cytoplasm, and were found occasionally. Electron microscopic findings of the Negri bodies showed aggregates of bulletshaped nucleocapsids. We report a Negri body found in the brain of rabid dog with the light and electron microscopic findings.
Male ; Humans ; Dogs ; Animals

N,N-Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) has been proved to have carcinogenic potential in the initiation or promotion stage and the transformed cells proliferate to form preneoplastic nodules which are positive for placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P). E-Cadherin, a member of the cadherin family, is expressed in epithelial cells. To evaluate the role of adhesion molecules (E-Cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin), which have not been well understood in carcinogenesis, we investigated the changes of E-cadherin, alpha-Catenin and beta-Catenins by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis of rat liver. In addition, the sequential analysis of histopathology and the expression of GST-P were also examined. Immunoreactive areas for GST-P were gradually increased from early period of carcinogenesis and strong GST-P positive foci were noted in various lesions, especially in the clear cell and eosinophilic cell nodules. Immunohistochemically, the E-Cadherin expression was increased in DEN-treated preneoplastic nodules in 4 and 10 weeks and hepatocellular carcinomas displayed relatively reduced expression compared with the hyperplastic nodules. But alpha- and beta-catenin expression was increased in hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas. Immunoblotting studies revealed that the level of alpha-catenin (cytosol and membranous fraction) was overexpressed in hyperplastic nodules as well as hepatocellular carcinomas, which showed markedly increased expression. The membranous fraction of beta-catenin was markedly increased in 10 weeks of DEN treatment and slightly reduced in hepatocellular carcinomas. These findings suggest that during DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, the clear cell and eosinophilic cell nodules expressing GST-P in their cytoplasm are early transformed cell nodules. The altered expression of E-Cadherin and catenins is closely related with tumor propagation. Loss or reduced expression of E-cadherin may play a role in the progression of late hyperplastic nodule to hepatocellular carcinoma in DEN-induced rat hepato carcinogenesis.
alpha Catenin ; Animals ; beta Catenin ; Cadherins* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Catenins* ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Epithelial Cells ; Glutathione Transferase* ; Glutathione* ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver* ; Rats*

Pfeiffer Syndrome is as rare as Apert syndrome in the Western population. This condition is very rare in the Asian population and has not been previously reported in Korea. The authors report with a review of literature the case of a newborn baby with Pfeiffer syndrome, manifested by bicoronal craniosynostosis, broad thumbs, and big toes. The infant also had bilateral syndactyly of the fingers and toes, mild proptosis, choanal hypoplasia and maxillary hypoplasia.
Korea ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Female ; Acrocephalosyndactylia/*diagnosis/genetics/radiography/surgery

PURPOSE: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in Korea and immunochemotherapy can be alternative method of the treatment for it. So we evaluated several immunologic markers, Major Histocomatibility (MHC) Antigen and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1 which play an important roles in cellular immune response of the host to the tumar cells, HLA-DR/DP antigens, one of the MHC class II which is expressed in various conditions, CD 68 antigen which are also important factor in immune response to the tumor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the expression of MHC class II (HLA-DR/DP) antigens, ICAM-1 and the number of tumor-infiltrating macrophages presenting CD68 antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 95 gastric adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemistry. In addition to analyze the relationship between expression of these antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma, histolopathologic findings such as tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastasis and histologic differentiation are evaluated. RESULTS: The rate of HLA-DR/DP expression was 60% and strongly associated with tumor differentiation, invasion and regional lymph node metastasis. ICAM-1 was expressed in 15% and slightly increased in well-differentiated carcinoma. The lack of expression of ICAM-1 was observed in high invasive tumor (T 4). CD 68(+) macrophages counts were significantly increased in around the tumor cells, compared to normal epithelia. HLA-DR/DP expression and infiltrating CD 68(+) macrophage numbers were significantly associated (p<0.05), but there was no correlationship between ICAM-1 and CD 68(+) macrophage numbers. CONCLUSION: It was considered that enhanced expression of HLA-DR/DP antigens, ICAM-1 and CD68(+) macrophages in gastric adenocarcinomas may be an immunophenotypic deviation. HLA-DR/DP and CD68(+) macrophages infiltration showed correlationship with tumor invasion and regional lymph node metastasis, that they may be used as a prognostic factor of the tumor growth.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Biomarkers ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1* ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Macrophages* ; Neoplasm Metastasis

PURPOSE: The p53 protein is a tumor supressor gene, and its mutation is associated with biologic aggressiveness. CD44v6, one of the CD44 family, is a cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is another recently identified growth factor with significant angiogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate p53, CD44v6, and VEGF expressions to determine whether degree of expression was related to pathological parameters such as Lauren's classification, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis. MATENRIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical stains of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 125 gastric adenocarcinomas were done. RESULTS: The overall expression rates of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were 54.4% (68/125), 36.8% (46/125), and 48.0% (60/ 125), respectively. The p53, not CD44v6 and VEGF was higher in intestinal-type gastric carcinomas by Lauren's classification. The expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF were statistically correlated with depth of tumor invasion. The expression of CD44v6 was higher in the lymph node metastatic group than in the negative group. The p53 expression was significantly associated with VEGF expression. CONCLUSIONs: These data suggest that the expressions of p53, CD44v6, and VEGF are biologically related to malignancy. The p53 and CD44v6 expressions are independent; however, p53 gene mutation is one of the contributing factors to VEGF expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Classification ; Coloring Agents ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*