In this paper, the title was described incorrectly.

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Hernia, Diaphragmatic* ; Stomach Volvulus*

No abstract available.

No Abstract Available.
Arthroplasty* ; Knee Joint* ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma* ; Vagina*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and premature ejaculation (PE) in Korean men older than 40 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 258 men older than 40 years completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS; total score, storage symptoms [ST], and voiding symptoms [VD]), a 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT). The study examined the relationship between LUTS and PE. In the PEDT, PE is defined as a score > or =11. RESULTS: The prevalence of PE was 29.1% with the PEDT versus a self-reported value of 49.5%. The prevalence of PE was 30.9% in 40 to 59-year-old men (21.3%) and 28.1% in 60 to 79 year-old men (78.7%). In men 40 to 59 and 60 to 79 years old, the mean PEDT, IPSS, and IIEF-5 scores were 8.65 and 7.88, 13.5 and 12.38, and 15.83 and 13.69, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between the total and subscale scores of the IPSS (p=0.204) and the PEDT (p=0.309) with increasing age, whereas a significant negative correlation was detected between the IIEF-5 and age (p=0.002). The PEDT score was significantly correlated with the IPSS-ST (r=0.326, p<0.001), IPSS-VD (r=0.183, p=0.005), IPSS-total (r=0.310, p<0.001), and IIEF-5 total (r=-0.248, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LUTS, especially storage symptoms, were related to PE. In elderly men, control of both erectile dysfunction and LUTS may play an important role in managing PE.
Aged ; Ejaculation ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Premature Ejaculation ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: In the present study, the effects of bFGF on the early responses of proliferation of UMR 106-01 osteoblast cells during cell cycle reentry from the latent(G0/G1) to the proliferative periods(S/M) were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The synchronized cell culture method using the serum starvation was utilized. After the addition of bFGF, the time courses of protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthase(TS) activity, TS mRNA level and expression of c-fos were determined. RESULTS: 87% UMR 106-01 cells were synchronized to G0/G1 by serum starvation for seven days in the medium containing 0.1% serum. The protein level began to increase 3 hours after bFGF treatment and reached the maximum at 18 hours. TS activity began to increase 3 hours after the bFGF treatment and reached its peak at 6 hours while its mRNA level, determined by quantitative PCR, reached the maximum at 12 hours. The expression of c-fos protein, determined by western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry, increased 3 hours after bFGF treatment. On the contrary, these prominent changes and responses to bFGF were not observed in the case of using non-synchronized cells cultured in the medium containing 10% serum. CONCLUSION: Based on these data it can be concluded that bFGF-induced DNA synthesis in the early proliferative phase is due to increases in both TS activity and mRNA amount and that the increase in c-fos expression and TS activity occur before the increase in TS mRNA level.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Cycle ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Osteoblasts* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Starvation ; Thymidylate Synthase*

PURPOSE: In the present study, the effects of bFGF on the early responses of proliferation of UMR 106-01 osteoblast cells during cell cycle reentry from the latent(G0/G1) to the proliferative periods(S/M) were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The synchronized cell culture method using the serum starvation was utilized. After the addition of bFGF, the time courses of protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthase(TS) activity, TS mRNA level and expression of c-fos were determined. RESULTS: 87% UMR 106-01 cells were synchronized to G0/G1 by serum starvation for seven days in the medium containing 0.1% serum. The protein level began to increase 3 hours after bFGF treatment and reached the maximum at 18 hours. TS activity began to increase 3 hours after the bFGF treatment and reached its peak at 6 hours while its mRNA level, determined by quantitative PCR, reached the maximum at 12 hours. The expression of c-fos protein, determined by western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry, increased 3 hours after bFGF treatment. On the contrary, these prominent changes and responses to bFGF were not observed in the case of using non-synchronized cells cultured in the medium containing 10% serum. CONCLUSION: Based on these data it can be concluded that bFGF-induced DNA synthesis in the early proliferative phase is due to increases in both TS activity and mRNA amount and that the increase in c-fos expression and TS activity occur before the increase in TS mRNA level.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Cycle ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Osteoblasts* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Starvation ; Thymidylate Synthase*

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy in Korea. Although treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy has greatly improved, the mortality rate of gastic cancer is still high, A new therapeutic trial is necessary to improve the cure rate of gastric cancer. Therefore we investigated the pre-clinical significance of HSV-tk gene therapy using retroviral vector for gastric cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNC/HSV-tk retroviral vector and PA317/LNC/HSV-tk producer cell line were constructed. HSV-tk gene transduction and expression were detected by PCR. An in vitro ganciclovir(GCV) sensitivity test was performed by MTT assay. To evaluate in vivo GCV sensitivity, GCV was intraperitoneally injected after tumor formation in the nude mice. Bystander effect was observed in vitro MTT assay using YCC- S-2 cell line and in vivo using N87 and YCC-S-2 cell lines. RESULTS: The in vitro GCV sensitivity test showed that the growth inhibition was 30~32% with 0.5 uM GCV and 52~77% with 500 uM GCV in the HSV-tk transduced cell line in comparison with 0- 5% with 0.5 and 500 uM GCV in the parent cell line. The in vivo GCV administration showed that the tumors induced by HSV-tk transduced N87 cell line and YCC-S-2 cell line decreased completely, while the tumors with the parent cell lines continued to grow in nude mice. We observed no tumor cells in tissue specimen of the tumor induced by the N87/HSV-tk cell line after. GCV administration. In vitro and in vivo bystander effects were observed in HSV-tk/GCV system due to the resultant cell death exceeding the proportion of HSV-tk transduced cells in the mixtures of HSV-tk transduced and parent cells. CONCLUSION: HSV-tk transduced gastric cancer cell lines showed sensitivity to GCV and a bystander effect was observed. These results suggested that HSV-tk/GCV system should be evaluated in the clinical settings.
Animals ; Bystander Effect ; Cell Death ; Cell Line* ; Drug Therapy ; Ganciclovir* ; Genetic Therapy ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Korea ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mortality ; Parents ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Thymidine Kinase* ; Thymidine* ; Zidovudine