No abstract available.
Sepsis*

In determining the effects of strabismus surgery, it is very important to know where the reattachment site of an extraocular muscle following recession procedure is located. Undercorrections or overcorrections after muscle surgery have been thought to be due to a postoperative positional changes of reattachment site along the surface of the globe. The author performed this experimental study to evaluate the amounts of changes of reattachment site after recession procedure in rabbit with 4 different methods of scleral fixation;direct suture with 6-0 vicryl, hang-back suture, application with Tisseel and Histoacryl. Superior rectus recession was performed in all 40 rabbit eyes, 10 eyes in each group. The distance from limbus to proximal end of recessed superior rectus muscle was measured on day 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 postoperatively. Further measurements were followed at 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks after recession procedure. The muscles were found an average of 0.4mm posterior to the intended position in direct suture group and 0.5 mmin hang-back suture group at one week postoperatively. But in the other two groups in which tissue adhesive agents, Tisseel and Histoacryl were used, the amount of displacement of the reattachment site were minimal of within 0.1 mm. From this experimental study, it is suggested that the positional changes of the reattachment site after recession procedure may influence the surgical corrective effects for strabismus.
Enbucrilate ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Muscles ; Polyglactin 910 ; Strabismus ; Sutures ; Tissue Adhesives

The ultrastructural changes of sciatic nerve and immunohistochemical changes of beta-catenin, PCNA, substance P were studied at the proximal segment of rat sciatic nerve after compression injury. We used 90 Sprague Dawley rats and the sciatic nerve compressed using silicon tube. We divided experimental groups which were the compression group for 1 hour (1C), for 2 hours (2C), and for 3 hours (3C), the release group for 1 day (1C1R) and 3 days (1C3R) after the compression for 1 hour, the release group for 1 day (2C1R) and 3 days (2C3R) after the compression for 2 hours, the release group for 1 day (3C1R) and 3 days (3C3R) after the compression for 3 hours. The rats were sacrified and took the sciatic nerve specimen. The specimens were investigated under the light microscope after hematoxylin & eosin, toluidin blue, and immunohistochemical stainings. In the H & E finding, the axon of the 1C disappeared, but recovered at the 1C3R. The part of nerve fibers at the 2C were swollen, but began to be partially recovered at 2C3R. Most nerve fibers were enlarged at the 3C, but markedly decreased at the 3C1R. The beta-catenin reaction disappeared at the 1C, but almost recovered at the 1C3R. This reaction of the 2C disappeared in the large fibers, but began to be recovered in the small fibers at the 2C1R. This reaction of the 3C disappeared in the large fibers, but began to be recovered at the 3C1R and 3C3R. The PCNA reaction prominently appeared at the 1C3R and 2C3R, the more prominent reaction at the 3C1R, and markedly increased reaction at the 3C3R. The substance P reaction of the 1C1R was mild positive, and the 2C1R and 3C1R were strong positive. In the toluidin blue staining, the myelin sheaths near the perineurium began to be thickened at the 1C, but almost recovered at the 1C3R. Many myelin sheaths became to be very thickened at the 2C and 3C, but almost recovered at the 2C3R and 3C3R. In the electron microscopic findings, the myelin sheaths of the 1C underwent the demyelination with the separated lamellae and the increase microtubules. At the 1C3R, the axolemma was attached on the myelin sheath and the axon was recovered. the myelin sheaths of the 2C underwent the demyelination with the separated axolemma. At the 2C1R, the myelin sheath was recovered by the developing Schwann cells, many intraaxonal mitochondria of demyelinated nerve fibers. At the 2C3R, the myelin sheath tended to be recovered by the increased rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of Schwann cells, many intraaxonal mitochondria of demyelinated nerve fibers. The myelin sheaths of the 3C began to be underwent severe demyelination from the middle portion of the sheath and the vacuolization of intraaxonal mitochondria. At the 3C1R, the myelin sheaths were recovered and contained many extended microtubules, mitochondria, and small granules. At the 3C3R, severe demyelinated nerve fibers were recovered by increasing microtubules. The proximal retrograde degeneration of sciatic nerve by the acute compression appeared the loss of the axons and the swelling of nerve fibers. The beta-catenin reaction was disappeared by the compression, but recovered by releasing. This reaction may be played a important role of the recover of demyelination. The PCNA reaction of Schwann cells was increased by the nerve compression. In the substance P finding, the pain after the compression appeared at the 1 day after releasing. Electron microscopic changes after sciatic nerve compression were the demyelination, the separated lamellae and the increase of intraaxonal microtubules. After releasing, the nerve fibers were recovered by developing Schwann cell, the intraaxonal mitochondria, and the transported granules through extending microtubules.
Animals ; Axons ; beta Catenin* ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Hematoxylin ; Microtubules ; Mitochondria ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Fibers ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retrograde Degeneration ; Schwann Cells ; Sciatic Nerve ; Silicones ; Substance P*

PURPOSE: To investigate the serum levels of thyroglobulin in 35 Children with proven congenital hypothyroidism and the value of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) determination in the differential diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. METHODS: Thirty five patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism by clinical symptoms, physical findings, thyroid function tests and radionuclide thyroid scan were available for study. The age of subjects was ranged between 2 weeks and 8.1 years. Serum thyroglobulin was measured by immunoradiometric assay (Thyroglobulin IRMA Pasteur kit). The control groups consisted of 10 normal children with similar age. RESULTS: 1) The male to female ratio was about 1 : 1.7. 2) In etiologic classification, thyroid dysgenesis was 29 cases (82.9%) and dyshormonogenesis was 6 cases (17.1%). Among the thyroid dysgenesis, athyreosis was 18 cases (51.5%), ectopic gland was 6 cases (17.1%), and hypoplastic gland was 5 cases (14.3%). 3) Serum thyroglobulin concentration of athyreosis (5.6+/-6.4ng/mL) was the lowest in children with congenital hypothyroidism, and serum thyroglobulin concentrations of both athyreosis and hypoplastic thyroid gland (11.6+/-6.5ng/mL) were significantly lower than the concentration of normal children (25.6+/-11.1ng/mL). 4) Serum thyroglobulin concentration in children with ectopic gland (22.7+/- 11.3ng/mL) and dyshormonogenesis (31.6+/-20.5ng/mL) was same as the concentration of normal children. CONCLUSIONS: Serum thyroglobulin measurement may be useful in the differetial diagnosis of athyreosis from other etiologies of congenital hypothyroidism.
Child ; Classification ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoradiometric Assay ; Male ; Thyroglobulin* ; Thyroid Dysgenesis ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland

PURPOSE: To investigate the serum levels of thyroglobulin in 35 Children with proven congenital hypothyroidism and the value of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) determination in the differential diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. METHODS: Thirty five patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism by clinical symptoms, physical findings, thyroid function tests and radionuclide thyroid scan were available for study. The age of subjects was ranged between 2 weeks and 8.1 years. Serum thyroglobulin was measured by immunoradiometric assay (Thyroglobulin IRMA Pasteur kit). The control groups consisted of 10 normal children with similar age. RESULTS: 1) The male to female ratio was about 1 : 1.7. 2) In etiologic classification, thyroid dysgenesis was 29 cases (82.9%) and dyshormonogenesis was 6 cases (17.1%). Among the thyroid dysgenesis, athyreosis was 18 cases (51.5%), ectopic gland was 6 cases (17.1%), and hypoplastic gland was 5 cases (14.3%). 3) Serum thyroglobulin concentration of athyreosis (5.6+/-6.4ng/mL) was the lowest in children with congenital hypothyroidism, and serum thyroglobulin concentrations of both athyreosis and hypoplastic thyroid gland (11.6+/-6.5ng/mL) were significantly lower than the concentration of normal children (25.6+/-11.1ng/mL). 4) Serum thyroglobulin concentration in children with ectopic gland (22.7+/- 11.3ng/mL) and dyshormonogenesis (31.6+/-20.5ng/mL) was same as the concentration of normal children. CONCLUSIONS: Serum thyroglobulin measurement may be useful in the differetial diagnosis of athyreosis from other etiologies of congenital hypothyroidism.
Child ; Classification ; Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoradiometric Assay ; Male ; Thyroglobulin* ; Thyroid Dysgenesis ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Prospective Studies*

Epinephrine ; Pulmonary Edema

BACKGROUND: A large number of children with psychosocial dysfunction are not recognized within schools or primary care settings. In several research, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to the importance of low family support as a predictor of psychosocial dysfunction in children. Our study examined the agreement and relationship between the lack of family support as measured by the Family APGAR and child psychosocial dysfunction as screened by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist(PSC). Therefore, We studied the usefulness of Family APGAR as a screening tool of child psychosocial dysfunction. METHODS: We set 643 children that are engaged in elementary school. We gave a questionnaire to their parents and made them record the questionnaire which contained the sociodemographic data, past history of child and parents, the Family APGAR and the translated Pediatric Symptom Checklist(PSC). Finally, we analysed only 506 complete data. We use the SAS/PC 6.12 that is a statistical analysis program. RESULTS: Children with a lack of family support(APGAR) were 5.1 times as likely to receive scores indicating dysfunction on the PSC(PSC). Families with a lack of support were significantly more likely to report low parental educational achievement and low income. Sixty percent of children from families with a lack of support were identified as having a psychosocial dysfunction by the PSC rating; however, only 24% percent of the children identified with psychosocial dysfunction by the PSC had scores indicating poor family functioning on the Family APGAR. Families with a lack of support had significantly higher total scores on PSC(mean=20.2) than families with adequate support(mean=11.9). The strength of the agreement between the Family APGAR and the PSC was k=.29. CONCLUSION: A lack of family support is associated with child psychosocial dysfunction as assessed by the PSC. However, the Family APGAR was not a sensitive measure of child psychosocial dysfunction, and thus it supplements, but does not replace the PSC.
Child* ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Parents ; Primary Health Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study to find out topographic change of cerebral perfusion during methylphenidate(abbr: MPH) treatment and to compare between the change of SPECT and clinical improvement in subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(abbr: ADHD). METHODS: By DSM-IV criteria, we selected 32 pure ADHD patients through various assessment scales, psychometric tools and neuropsychological battery. All the patients were studied by 99m Tc-HMPAO brain SPECT, before MPH treatment and after 6 week treatment. Using image subtraction method, we obtained(+)/(-)NDR parametric image in each patient. RESULTS: When the change of brain SPECT and clinical improvement were compared, matching rate, senstivity and specificity between them were 81.1%, 85.3% and 75.2%. Increased cerebral blood flow in (+)NDR parametric image was found in frontal lobe, caudate nucleus and thalamus, especially in Right hemisphere. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that MPH improved cerebral blood flow in fronto-caudato-thalamic areas, which have been known as region associated with pathophysiology of ADHD
Brain ; Caudate Nucleus ; Child* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Perfusion ; Psychometrics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thalamus ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon* ; Weights and Measures

A Clinical study was carried out on 39 cases with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who were admitted to the department of Pediatrics, Catholic Medical College, during the 7 years 8 months from January 1971 to August 1978. The following results were obrained. 1. The age incidence was highest in the 2-4 weeks of age and 82.0% were under the 8 weeks. Af age Male to female ratio was 12:1. 2. The age at onset was within 3 weeks of age in the majority cases(69.2%). 3. In distribution of birth weight, the majority cases(75%) were 3.0~4.0kg. and 18 cases(46%) were first born bady. 4. In the body weight percentile on admission, the jahority cases(75.4%) were under the 25 percentile. 5. The kinds of feeding in order of frequency were breast(41.0%), bottle(30.8%) and mixed feeding(28.2%). 6. The average duration of symptoms prior to operation was 17 days. 7. On the physical examination, gastric peristaltic wave was observed in 30 cases(77%) and the pyloric tumor mass was palpated in 26 cases(67%). And Projectile vomitiong and dehydration were observed in all cases. 8. Barium meal X-ray study showed the string sign in 33 cases(88.9%).
Barium ; Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Dehydration ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Meals ; Pediatrics ; Physical Examination ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic*