Objective: The cut-off value for hypercholesterolemia and normal HDL levels for Korean children are still not established despite increasing hypercholesterolemia with recent socioeconomic change. One of the aims of this study is to screen the serum total cholesterol and HDL levels in normal Korean shool children, and another is to evaluate the relationships between serum lipid levels and obesity. Methods: Venous blood samples for cholesterol and HDL were taken in the morning after overnight fasting from 152 healthy school children who live in Seoul. Body weight and height were measured and obesity indices were calculated also. Results: Of the healthy 152 school children, mean level of serum total cholesterol was 185.7mg/dL and that of HDL was 52.8mg/dL. Boys had higher total cholesterol levels than girls (190.5mg/dL vs. 180.0mg/dL). Sexual difference of HDL was not found and the mean proportion of HDL to total cholesterol was 28.9%. There was moderate reverse correlation between total cholesterol and proportion of H to total cholesterol. There were no correlations between total cholesterol, HDL and obesity index each other. To our surprise, children with high serum total cholesterol levels were not always obese and vice versa. Moreover, children with high total cholesterol tended to have relatively low HDL proportion to the total cholesterol, which meant high risk of astheroselerotic change in thefeature. Conclusion: In normal chidren, serum total cholesterol level is not correlate well with obesity in most cases. Current thought of the pediatrician that serum total cholesterol will be checked in obese child only may many normal looking hypercholesterolemias. More wide studies must be necessary to get the normal values of serum lipid and to make an appropriate screening system for hypercholesterolemia in Korean children.
Body Weight ; Child* ; Cholesterol* ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Mass Screening ; Obesity* ; Reference Values ; Seoul

Once ischemic necrosis occurs in the tissue below an injury site after trauma, a vascular injury is suspected first. On the other hand, it is not common for a blood vessel to become obstructed after a delay of a few days after the initial trauma. The authors experienced a case where the blood flow was maintained at the time of a femoral fracture injury and immediately after surgery, but the femoral artery was occluded later. On the 5th day after surgery, ischemic necrosis of the lower limb was confirmed and treated. This case is reported with a review of the relevant literature.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results between open reduction and internal fixation with the plate and percutaneous reduction by towel clip and intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pin for clavicle shaft fractures in adult. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied the results in 33 cases with the plate, 35 cases with the Steinmann pin among total 68 cases of clavicle shaft fracture. The patients were followed up over a period of at least 12 months. The final postoperative outcome was analyzed with the clinical outcomes using Kang's criteria, radiological union time and operation time. RESULTS: The clinical outcome that was good or excellent according to the Kang's criteria showed a distribution of 88% in the group using the plate with 29 cases out of total 33 cases, 91% in the group using the Steinmann pin with 32 cases out of total 35 cases. The mean radiological union time was 8.9 weeks in the group using the plate, 9.1 weeks in the group using Steinmann pin. The mean operation time was 72 minutes in the group using the plate, whereas was 18 minutes in the group using Steinmann pin. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of adult clavicle shaft fracture, two groups did not show a significant statistical difference in clinical and radiological outcomes. However, the operation time and postoperative functional recovery was significantly shorter and faster in the group using Steinmann pin. Additionally economic and cosmetic aspect was more satisfactory in the group using Steinmann pin.
Adult* ; Clavicle* ; Humans

Hemangiopericytomas is a rare malignant tumor of the central nervous system having an incidence of 1-3.8% of all primary intracranial meningeal tumors, and the occurrence of cystic hemangiopericytomas is even rarer. We report our recent experience of a case of cerebral hemangiopericytoma associated with a large cyst in a 38 year-old man. The patient presented with 1-month history of headache. Computerized tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance image(MRI) showed a huge-sized, cystic tumor in the left frontal region. Histopathological report of the excised tumor confirmed cystic hemangiopericytoma. Over the years, the issue of classifying hemangiopericytoma as a form of meningioma has been controversial. Since hemangiopericytoma differs from that of ordinary meningiomas because of its extremely malignant behavior and different histological and ultrastructural properties, the author suggest that hemangiopericytoma classified not with meningiomas. Regardless of classification, total surgical removal of this tumor is crucial due to its tendency for local recurrence despite aggressive resection.
Adult ; Central Nervous System ; Classification ; Headache ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; Meningioma ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Carotid Artery, External* ; Neurofibromatoses*

We analyzed 20 cases of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula(CCF) during the recent 10 years The results are summarized as follows: 1) In 18 cases(90%), the clinical symptoms & signs of CCF occurred within 2 months after trauma. 2) The sites of fistulae were common in horizontal segment(40%) and at the junction(30%) between horizontal segment and posterior ascending segment of cavernous portion of internal carotid artery. 3) The main draining veins of CCF were the superior ophthalmic vein(90%) and the inferior petrosal sinus(70%). 4) The methods of treatment were occlusion of fistula with balloon(9 cases), occlusion of cavernous ICA with balloon(2 cases), ligation of cervical ICA with Poppen's clamp(4 cases) and trapping(2 cases). Two patients were not treated and another patient was healed spontaneously. 5) The frequency and severity of complication was significantly decreased in cases treated by detachable balloon occlusion than by direct cervical ICA ligation or trapping procedures. 6) The procedure using the self-sealed goldvalve balloon was simple, but had a risk of premature separation and premature deflation.
Balloon Occlusion ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Ligation ; Veins

The reports of the association of cerebral aneurysm and brain tumor are rare. Recently, we experienced five cases of association of cerebral aneurysm and bain tumor and available literature were reviewed. Of five cases of brain tumor, there were two cases of meningioma, two cases of pituitary adenoma and a case of malignant glioma. Vascular clips were used for aneurysm obliteration in three cases, coating was in a case and four cases of them had favorable outcome. The association of cerebral aneurysm and brain tumor had difficult problems in treatment such as brain swelling and hemorrhage from the aneurysm after removal of tumor.
Aneurysm ; Brain Edema ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Glioma ; Hemorrhage ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Meningioma ; Pituitary Neoplasms

A case of Moya-Moya disease with AVM is reported. It is well known that Moya-Moya disease sometimes is accompanied by cerebral aneurysm. However, only four case of Moya-Moya disease with AVM have previously been published in the world. A 36-year-old women suffered from sudden onset of mental deterioration & left hemiparesis, Brain CT scan showed intraventricular hemorrage in both lateral & 3rd ventricle. Enhanced CT scan revealed irregular enhancing area in the right posterior parietal cortex. Cerebral angiography showed an arteriovenous malformation fed by basal Moya-Moya vessels & posterior meningeal artery. Emergeny external ventricular drainge was done. 2 weeks later, the patient had operation for excision of AVM & encephalomyosynangiosis.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Meningeal Arteries ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Paresis ; Rabeprazole ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The incidence of intracranal aneurysm is rare in childhood and adolescence. During the period from January 1982 through December 1989, 793 aneurysms were operated on the our department. Of these 8 aneurysms occurred 8 patients under age of 18 years. The average age was 11.6 years(range 4 to 18 years). There were 6 male and 2 females. Presenting sings and symptoms included SAH in 6 aneurysms and focal neurologic deficits in 2 aneurysms. All aneurysms were surgically treated : direct clipping was performed in 6, aneurysmorraphy in 1, trapping alone in 1. The postoperative result were excellent in 5, good in 2, and fair in 1. The rarity of such lesions in childhood and adolescence and their pathogenesis are reviewed briefly.
Adolescent* ; Aneurysm ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations

No abstract available.
Movement Disorders* ; Radiosurgery*