The intravenous pyelograms of 126 cases of ureteral stones were analized for study on changes in size,renocortical idex(RCI) and function of the affected kidney. The following results were obtained. 1. The size ofaffected kidney was increased in 45% of cases and decreased in 40% of cases. 2. The affected kidney showed anelevated RCI value as compared to the normal side. The mean value of RCI of the affected kidneys was 0.44 andnormal kidneys was 0.35. 3. The cases of upper ureteral stones most frequently showed urinary stasis. Theincidence of urinary stasis: hydronephrosis 61%, hydroureter 48%, nonvisualization 10%, and combinedhydronephrosis and hydroureter in 54% of the all cases.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Ureter

Conegenital anomalies of the ribs are common but rarely result in shadow which might be mistaken forpathological lesions. Careful inspection of the bony parts, which should be a routine, will usually be sufficientto avoid mistakes. Authors reviewed 6,921(5,865 male, 1,056 female) chest P-A films in adult (older than 16years), and radiolographic findings of congenital anomalies of the ribs were analized. The result were as follows;1. Congenital anomalies of the ribs were present in 193 patients. The incidence of congenital anomalies of theribs were 2.7% in male, 3.3% in female. 2. Among the 193 cases of congenital rib anomalies, 7 cases(0.1%) ofcervical ribs, 31 cases (0.4%) of underdeveloped ribs, 81 cases (1.2%) of anterior bifurcation, 34 cases (0.5%) ofbroadned ribs, 19 cases (0.3) of complete fusion and 21 cases (0.3%) of pseudathrosis were included. 3. 11.4% ofthe cases were bilateral, and right to left was 4:3 in unilateral involvement. 4. The location of the ribanomalies were as follows; (1) Underdeveloped ribs; 1st rib 31 case (79.5%), 2nd rib 3 cases(7.7%), 4th rib 3cases(7.7%), 5th rib 2 cases(5.1%). (2) Anterior bifurcation; 3rd rib 37 cases. 4th rib 29 cases, 5th rib 12cases, 6th rib 6cases, 2nd rib 2 cases. (3) Broadened ribs; 3rd 17 cases, 4th rib 15 cases, 5th rib 4 cases, 2ndrib 1 case. (4) Complete fusion; 1st-2nd rib 13 cases (68.4%), 5-6th ribs 4 cases (21.0%), 4-5th ribs 1case(5.3%), 6-7 ribs 1case(5.3%). The fusion occur in the posterior portion of 1st-2nd and 4-5th ribs,and in theposterior portion of 5-6th and 6-7ribs. (5) Pseudarthrosis; 1st-2nd and 2nd-3rd ribs, and in the posterior portionof 3-4th, 4-5 and 5-6th ribs. 5. In the cases of anterior bifurcation, the rib bifurcates almost in its anterior2.1-5.0 cm and most common in 3.1-4.0cm. 6. The characteristic radiographic findings in anterior bifurcation wereas follow;
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pseudarthrosis ; Ribs ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Oral allergy syndrome(OAS) is composed of it,ching sense and edema in oral cavity, lips, throat, pharynx, and larynx following eating some fresh fruits or vegetables. It has been known that most of patients with OAS are allergic to pollens. Common epitopes were found among pollens, fruits and vegetables. Although OAS is a common farm of food allergy in adults, this is the first epidemiologic study of OAS in Korea. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and fifty one patients who showed positive skin reaction to pollens were telephone-interviewed. Investigation of the prevalence and clinical manifestations of OAS was possible in 81 patients. RESULT: The prevalence of OAS among these patients was 34.6% (28/81). OAS was found in 24(48%) out of 50 patients sensitized to tree pollens, whereas 4(13%) of 31 grass or weed pollen-sensitized paients had OAS. Most common causative food was apple and all of 17 apple- OAS patients were sensitized to tree pollens. Peach was the second common food and 14 of 15 peach-OAS patients were sensitized to tree pollens. Besides oral symptoms, rhinitis, asthma, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting or generalized urticaria were accompanied in half of the OAS patients (14/28). Some patients showed OAS to some unique Korean foods such as dropwort, taro and Aster. CONCLUSION: OAS was very common in pollen-sensitized patients. Larger epidemiologic studies are needed to find unique Korean foods and their antigensm causing OAS.
Adult ; Asthma ; Colocasia ; Diarrhea ; Eating ; Edema ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epitopes ; Filipendula ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Korea ; Larynx ; Lip ; Mouth ; Nausea ; Pharynx ; Poaceae ; Pollen* ; Prevalence ; Prunus persica ; Rhinitis ; Skin ; Urticaria ; Vegetables ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Chronic cough is a common clinical problem to which various etiologies are attributable; postnasal drip, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and chronic bronchitis, However, in some cases, no particular etiology can be confirmed. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to evaluate cough sensitivity and the clinical manifestations of patients with idiopathic chronic cough. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 70 non-smoking patients who had been coughing for more than 3 weeks without any history, symptoms or signs of rhinitis, sinusitis, typical asthma, GER or recent upper respiratory infection episodes. Nineteen healthy controls were also enrolled. Bronchial provocation tests with methacholine, capsaicin and distilled water (DW) were performed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were positive to rnethacholine test (PC20 < 25mg/ml) and defined as cough variant asthma. The others are classified into idiopathic chronic cough. By capsaicin and DW challenge tests, idiopathic cough patients could be divided into two groups, i.e., increased cough sensitivity (ICS) and normal cough sensitivity (NCS) groups. DW- induced cough counts were negatively correlated with C7 (lowest capsaicin concentration inducing continuous 7 or more coughs) (r=-0.739, p<0.001). No difference was found in clinical features such as age, sex, atopy, or peripheral eosinophil counts between these two groups but cough counts per cough burst were significantly higher in the ICS group. CONCLUSION: The heterogeneity in cough sensitivity of idiopathic chronic cough patients may refiect different pathophysiologic mechanisms. It is unclear whether patients with NCS merely have habitual or psychogenic cough or not. These suggest that different therapentic strategies should be established on idiopathic chronic cough patients according to cough sensitivity.
Asthma ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Capsaicin ; Cough* ; Eosinophils ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Methacholine Chloride ; Population Characteristics ; Rhinitis ; Sinusitis ; Water

Medulloblastoma is one of the most undifferentiated primitive neuroectodermal tumors and represents about 30% of all posterior fossa tumors in children. Disseminated medulloblastoma, mainly involving cerebral surfaces, ventricles and the subarachnoid space can, in 50% of patients, be identified on intial imaging studies. One thirdof these lesions metastasize to an extracranial site, primarily to bone. Osseous metastases, which occur mainly after craniectomy are typically lytic, but osteoblastic lesions also may occur. We experienced the case of a 14year-old female patient with multiple bone metastases of medulloblastoma after craniectomy. Bone metastaticlesions were present in the right femur and thoracic spine and were osteoblastic or osteolytic
Child ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Infratentorial Neoplasms ; Medulloblastoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; Osteoblasts ; Spine ; Subarachnoid Space

PURPOSE: To determine whether radiofrequency thermal ablation can be used to treat benign cystic lesions in a porcine gallbladder model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study of radiofrequency thermal ablation involved the use of 15 exvivo porcine gallbladders and 15-G expandable needle electrodes. To investigate optimal temperature parame-ters,three groups of five were designated according to target temperature: Group A: 70 degrees C; Group B: 80 degrees C; Group C: 90 degrees C. After the target temperature was reached, ablation lasted for one minute. Gallbladder width, height and length were measured before and after ablation, and the estimated volume reduction ratios of the three groups were compared. Whether adjacent liver parenchyma around the gallbladder fossa was ablated by heat conducted from hot bile was also determined, and the thickness of the ablated area of the liver was measured. RESULTS: The volume reduction ratio in Group A, B and C was 42.7%, 41.7% and 42.9%, respectively (p>.05). In all 15 cases, gallbladder walls lost their transparency and elasticity at about 70 degrees C. In nine of ten cases in Groups B and C, the hepatic capsule around the gallbladder fossa was retracted at about 80 degrees C. The mean thickness of liver parenchymal damage adjacent to the gallbladder was 5.4 mm in Group B and 9.8 mm in Group C. In Group A livers, only one case showed minimal gradual parenchymal change. Microscopically, all three groups showed complete coagulation necrosis of the wall. CONCLUSION: On the basis of this feasibility study, radiofrequency thermal ablation is potentially suitable for the ultrasound-guided treatment of symptomatic cystic lesions including benign hepatic or renal cyst.
Bile ; Catheter Ablation ; Elasticity ; Electrodes ; Feasibility Studies ; Gallbladder* ; Hot Temperature ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Pilot Projects*

Multiple rice bodies in joints or bursae are rarely encountered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Wereport the radiologic findings of massive subacromial bursitis with innumerable rice bodies on the right shoulderof a 38-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis. Subacromial bursography showed markedly distended bursa withmultiple nodular filling defects. Preconstrast CT scanning revealed well-demarcated hypodense lesion withoutcalcification in subacromio-subdeltoid bursa. Multiple rice bodies showed slightly high signal intensity on T1WIand T2WI, and no enhancement after gadolinium injection.
Adult ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthrography ; Bursitis* ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Joints ; Shoulder ; Synovitis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Wegener's granulomatosis is a systemic vasculitis of the medium and small arteries, as well as of the venules, arterioles, and occasionally large arteries, and primarily involves the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. Renal symptoms of Wegener's granulomatosis are indistinguishable from those of vasculitis such as Henoch-Schonlein purpura and microscopic polyangiitis. This case, though initially diagnosed as Henoch-Schonlein purpura, was confirmed as Wegener's granulomatosis from a lung biopsy fifteen years after the initial diagnosis. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Arteries ; Arterioles ; Biopsy ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Kidney ; Lung ; Microscopic Polyangiitis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Respiratory System ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Vasculitis ; Venules ; Wegener Granulomatosis*

Wegener's granulomatosis is a systemic vasculitis of the medium and small arteries, as well as of the venules, arterioles, and occasionally large arteries, and primarily involves the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. Renal symptoms of Wegener's granulomatosis are indistinguishable from those of vasculitis such as Henoch-Schonlein purpura and microscopic polyangiitis. This case, though initially diagnosed as Henoch-Schonlein purpura, was confirmed as Wegener's granulomatosis from a lung biopsy fifteen years after the initial diagnosis. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Arteries ; Arterioles ; Biopsy ; Delayed Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis ; Kidney ; Lung ; Microscopic Polyangiitis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Respiratory System ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Vasculitis ; Venules ; Wegener Granulomatosis*

PURPOSE: We previously described a new procedure specific module (Tube 3) to allow the practice of vesicourethral anastomosis after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Herein, we report a predetermined proficiency level of Tube 3 and preliminary validation to explore whether this new module can lead to performance improvement in the da Vinci system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight urology residents and three urology fellows performed the Tube 3 module 1 hour daily for 7 days. The learning curve was depicted through a scatterplot and the stable point was identified through the cumulative sum chart. Concurrent and predictive validations were performed with the da Vinci system. The mean time to complete the task and end product rating score between Tube 3 training group and no Tube 3 training group were compared. RESULTS: Concerning the learning curve, about 41 repetitions comprising about 5 hours were needed to achieve this stable point when the mean time to complete Tube of 384 seconds was set as a target. With regarding to the concurrent and predictive validation, there significant differences were evident in the mean time to complete 16 needle passages and the vesicourethral anastomosis and the end product rating score. CONCLUSIONS: The virtual reality (VR) simulator can yield sufficient improvement in technical performance in Tube 3 within 5 hours. The acquired proficiency can be transferable to the vesicourethral anastomosis using the da Vinci system.
Anastomosis, Surgical/methods ; Clinical Competence ; Computer Simulation ; Education, Medical, Graduate/*methods ; Humans ; Learning Curve ; Male ; Prostatectomy/*education/methods ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/*education/methods ; Simulation Training/methods ; Urethra/surgery ; Urinary Bladder/surgery ; User-Computer Interface