No abstract available.
Rectum*

Special considerations should be made when selecting medications for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in older patients especially those over 65 years old. This review summarizes the relationship between current treatments for LUTS and cognitive impairment. Although the recently reported association between dementia and tamsulosin is debatable, the effects of α-blockers and pharmacokinetics are not reported in this context. Five-alpha reductase inhibitors appear to affect mood. However, the association between the development of dementia and cognitive impairment is unlikely. Anticholinergic agents, other than trospium, fesoterodine, and imdafenacin have a relatively high distribution in the central nervous system. In particular, oxybutynin is reported to cause cognitive impairment. Several animal studies on the blood-brain barrier permeability of oxybutynin support this. Therefore, care must be taken when they are used in older patients (65 years and older). Beta-3 agonists are an alternative to, or may be used in combination with, anticholinergic drugs for patients with an overactive bladder (OAB). Several phase 2 and 3 clinical studies report high tolerability and efficacy, making them relatively safe for OAB treatment. However, there is a possibility that cognitive function may be affected; thus, long-term study data are required. We have reviewed studies investigating the correlation of urologic medications with cognitive dysfunction and have provided an overview of drug selection, as well as other considerations in older patients (65 years and older) with LUTS. This narrative review has focused primarily on articles indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase databases. No formal search strategy was used, and no meta-analysis of data was performed.

No abstract available.
Chilblains*

PURPOSE: Prosthetic mesh is widely used for inguinal hernia repair; however, pain and stiffness can develop. This study was a prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized trial to assess postoperative pain and quality of life according to mesh type after inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Forty-seven patients who underwent Lichtenstein repair for unilateral inguinal hernia with prosthetic mesh were enrolled and randomly allocated to the partially-absorbable lightweight mesh (LW group, n = 24) or heavyweight mesh group (HW group, n = 23). Data were collected using a visual analogue scale (VAS), Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS), and Activities Assessment Scale (AAS) at screening and postoperative day 1, 7, 90, and 120; foreign body sensation, sense of stiffness, and sense of pull during activity were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patients' demographics and clinical characteristics between groups. The VAS at day 90 was significantly lower in the LW group (0.46 ± 0.78 vs. 0.96 ± 0.82, P = 0.027). The CCS and AAS were significantly lower in the LW group at day 1 (51.33 ± 20.29 vs. 64.65 ± 22.64, P = 0.047 and 39.83 ± 9.88 vs. 46.43 ± 7.82, P = 0.015, respectively). Foreign body sensation was significantly lower in the LW group at day 120 (4.2% vs. 30.4 %, P = 0.023), as was sense of stiffness (P = 0.023). The sense of pull during activity was lower in the LW group at day 90 and 120 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.022, respectively). There was no recurrence or serious complication during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Partially-absorbable lightweight prosthetic mesh can be used for inguinal hernia repair safely and improve functional outcomes and quality of life after surgery.
Demography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence ; Sensation ; Surgical Mesh

PURPOSE: Prosthetic mesh is widely used for inguinal hernia repair; however, pain and stiffness can develop. This study was a prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized trial to assess postoperative pain and quality of life according to mesh type after inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Forty-seven patients who underwent Lichtenstein repair for unilateral inguinal hernia with prosthetic mesh were enrolled and randomly allocated to the partially-absorbable lightweight mesh (LW group, n = 24) or heavyweight mesh group (HW group, n = 23). Data were collected using a visual analogue scale (VAS), Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS), and Activities Assessment Scale (AAS) at screening and postoperative day 1, 7, 90, and 120; foreign body sensation, sense of stiffness, and sense of pull during activity were also evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in patients' demographics and clinical characteristics between groups. The VAS at day 90 was significantly lower in the LW group (0.46 ± 0.78 vs. 0.96 ± 0.82, P = 0.027). The CCS and AAS were significantly lower in the LW group at day 1 (51.33 ± 20.29 vs. 64.65 ± 22.64, P = 0.047 and 39.83 ± 9.88 vs. 46.43 ± 7.82, P = 0.015, respectively). Foreign body sensation was significantly lower in the LW group at day 120 (4.2% vs. 30.4 %, P = 0.023), as was sense of stiffness (P = 0.023). The sense of pull during activity was lower in the LW group at day 90 and 120 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.022, respectively). There was no recurrence or serious complication during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Partially-absorbable lightweight prosthetic mesh can be used for inguinal hernia repair safely and improve functional outcomes and quality of life after surgery.
Demography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence ; Sensation ; Surgical Mesh

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the association of cumulative exposure to organic solvent with liver function. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study. 461 male workers who perform painting job at a shipyard and use organic solvents routinely and 125 workers of the same shipyard who never have been exposed to organic solvents were studied. All subjects who were confirmed not having HBsAg surveyed their age, BMI(body mass index), alcohol drinking and smoking history, and examined liver function test (SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GTP, Total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin). The amount of cumulative exposure (CE) to mixed organic solvents were measured by biological monitoring method using their metabolites in urine. RESULTS: The CE was observed as a significant variable with logistic regression analysis on abnormality of SGOT(>35IU/L), SGPT(>40IU/L) and gamma-GTP(>63IU/L), their odds ratio were 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.02-1.20), 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.01-1.19), and 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.01-1.19) each. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore we suggest that the cumulative exposure to mixed organic solvents might be a significant variable on abnormal liver function indices (SGOT, SGPT,gamma-GTP) in male shipyard workers
Alanine Transaminase ; Alcohol Drinking ; Bilirubin ; Environmental Monitoring ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Paint ; Paintings ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Solvents*

PURPOSE: Asthma is prevalent in many countries. Few studies have investigated the association between asthma and concomitant diseases. We retrospectively analyzed the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey database, performed in 2008 using nationwide stratified random sampling to obtain a representative cohort of the Korean population. METHODS: We evaluated the association between both self-reported ever-asthmatics and wheezers and concomitant diseases such as arthritis, hypertension, gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, rhinitis, depression, stroke, and obesity in subjects aged > or =40 years. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify concomitant diseases independently associated with asthma, after adjustment for age, gender, income, cigarette smoking, and other chronic diseases. RESULTS: Of the total of 4,445 subjects, 2,596 (58.4%) were female and the mean age was 58.3 years. Of the 4,445 subjects, 195 (4.4%) had been diagnosed with asthma at some point, and 444 (10%) were wheezers. Multivariate analysis showed that arthritis (odds ratio [OR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.42), rhinitis (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.78), depression (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.05-2.07), and obesity (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.08-2.40) were significantly associated with self-reported ever-asthma, and arthritis (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.19-1.909), hypertension (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07-1.67), GI ulcers (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05-2.08), rhinitis (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.16-2.19), depression (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.51-2.48), and obesity (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.17-2.09) were significantly associated with wheezers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that arthritis, rhinitis, depression, and obesity may be associated with both self-reported ever asthma and wheezers in the Korean population.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Asthma ; Cohort Studies ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Ulcer

Gleno-humeral joint is a ball and socket joint. It has the greatest range of movement among all the joints of the body. The greatest range of movement is inevitably accompanied by a considerable loss in stability. Thirty-three persons underwent Double contrast CT arthrography of the shoulder for the evaluation of suspected shoulder derangement. We performed 62 shoulder arthrography(33 abnormal shoulders and 29 normal shoulders) and reviewed their findings retrospectively. They had recurrent shoulder dislocation(30 shoulders) or nonspecific shoulder pain(3 shoulders). Injury of the glenoid labrum was seen in 28 shoulders at double contrast CT arthrography. Among 28 cases of the labral injury, detachment was seen in 15 cases, labral tear in 5 cases, and labral erosion in 8 cases. Double contrast CT arthrography also showed Hill-Sachs in 20 shoulders. The numbers of type 1, type 2, and type 3 capsulolabral attachment in 33 shoulder instability cases were 10, 16, and 7, respectivity, while, 16, 12, and, 1 in 29 normal controls. Type 2 and 3 are more common in shoulder instability group than normal control group. Operation was done in 18 shoulders. Comparing with operation findings, the sensitivity of double contrast CT arthrography in the detection of Hill-Sachs defect was 100% with the specificity of 71% and the accuracy of 89%. The sensitivity, and accuracy of double contrast CT arthrography in the detection of labral injury were 94%, 100%, and 95, respectively. Double contrast CT arthrography is a minimally invasive and highly accurate technique for in the evaluation of glenohumeral instability.
Arthrography ; Humans ; Joints ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shoulder* ; Tears

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Echocardiography*

Background: Terminology is a good index of reflections in conceptional imaginations, trends and technological advances in the field of their own. The purpose of this study is to compare the similarity and difference of terms in periodontology to evaluate the communicability between South and North Korea. These result may be particularly helpful for making glossary, academic communication and social unity at the time of reunion. Methods: This study was carried out by searching northern periodontology terminologies used in literatures published in North Korea and comparing those terms with the southern terms. The standard northen terms were not able to be distinguished, so the terms used frequently were chosen as the standard northern terms. Results: The South and North both use terms that stem from Chinese characters, but this tendency is stronger in the South. The main differences between the South and North are due to the North Korea's effort in converting terms into the native languages. There are also some differences in inscription of foreign language, spelling and spacing, and so on. Conclusion: The terminology using in South and North Korea in the field of periodontology is somewhat different but both side can be capable of communication. Now the basic efforts in both parts must be taken, such as establishing new terms, in order to relieve these differences.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea* ; Humans ; Imagination ; Reunion