No abstract available.
Mucin-1* ; Poroma*

There are many kinds of instrumentation systems for posterior operation in the treatment of scoliosis. Cotrel-Dubousset (C-D) system is most widly used for its excellent correction potential and stability. However there were some problems in C-D hook system such as hook dislodgement and correction loss. So, in order to reduce these problems we use transpedicular screw system and compare the results between two systems. We studied 44 cases of scoliosis ( hook 19 cases, screw 25 cases) who were operated with C-D instrumentation from February 1988 to August 1995. The average follow-up period was 54 months in hook group and 23 months in screw group. 1. Operation time was 241 minutes in hook group and 223 minutes in screw group. Average amount of transfusion was 5.0 pints in hook group and 4.6 pints in screw group. 2. Involved segments of main curvature were 7.0 in hook group and 6.6 in screw group. 3. Scoliotic curve was changed from 49degrees to 13degrees (73%) in hook group and from 47degrees to 12degrees (74%) in screw group. Loss of correction during follow up period was 7degrees in hook group and 3 in screw group. 4. Thoracic kyphosis was changed from 24degrees to 26degrees in hook group and from 27degrees to 30degrees in screw group. Lumbar lordosis was changed from 26degrees to 29degrees in hook group and from 26degrees to 31degrees in screw group. 5. Correction rate of rotation of apex vertebrae by Pedriolle method was 43% (from 20degrees to 12degrees) in hook group and 50% (from 22degrees to 11degrees) in screw group. 6. Complications were two cases of hook dislodgement, one delayed deep infection and four cases of progression of curvature in hook group and one case of malinsertion of screw and two cases of progression of curvature in screw group. In conclusion, these results suggested that screw system is more effective than hook system on rotational correction of apex vertebra and prevention of loss of correction.
Animals ; Follow-Up Studies ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Scoliosis* ; Spine

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hypophysectomy*

No abstract available.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Macroscopic and especially microscopic properties of implant surfaces play a major role in the osseous healing of dental implants. Dental implants with modified surfaces have shown stronger osseointegration than implants which are only turned (machined). Advanced surface modification techniques such as anodic oxidation and Ca-P application have been developed to achieve faster and stronger bonding between the host bone and the implant. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatment of titanium dental implant on implant stability after insertion using the rabbit tibia model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three test groups were prepared: sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) implants, anodic oxidized implants, and anodized implants with Ca-P immersion. The turned implants served as control. Twenty rabbits received 80 implants in the tibia. Resonance frequencies were measured at the time of implant insertion, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of healing. Removal torque values (RTV) were measured 2 and 4 weeks after insertion. RESULTS: The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of implants for resonance frequency analysis (RFA) increased significantly (P < .05) during 2 weeks of healing period although there were no significant differences among the test and control groups (P > .05). The test and control implants also showed significantly higher ISQ values during 4 weeks of healing period (P < .05). No significant differences, however, were found among all the groups. All the groups showed no significant differences in ISQ values between 2 and 4 weeks after implant insertion (P > .05). The SLA, anodized and Ca-P immersed implants showed higher RTVs at 2 and 4 weeks of healing than the machined one (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION: The surface-modified implants appear to provide superior implant stability to the turned one. Under the limitation of this study, however, we suggest that neither anodic oxidation nor Ca-P immersion techniques have any advantage over the conventional SLA technique with respect to implant stability.
Dental Implants ; Imidazoles ; Immersion ; Nitro Compounds ; Osseointegration ; Rabbits ; Tibia ; Titanium ; Torque

It has generally been accepted that there is a direct relationship between excessively nearwork such as writing and reading, and the incidence of myopia in primary school children. Hong et al (1967, 1968) reported a yearly increase in the incidence of myopia in primary school children in Seoul, Korea. The highest incidence of myopia was found among 5th and 6th graders. These children had to study hard for long hours in preparation for the entrance examinations into middle school. This study was on the incidence of myopia among primary school children was made to find the present incidence of refractive errors now that the entrance examination has been eliminated. In Seoul these examinations have been eliminated since 1969. This study was made in 1973 A comparison is made of the incidence of refractive errors before and after the elimination of the examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 645 primary school children (330 boys and 315 girls) between the ages of 7 and 12 were examined for refractive errors. Visual acuity was checked using the Snellen's E chart under a standard 10 foot candle illumination. There after -2% Cyclogyl solution was twice instiIled in both eyes at 5 minute intervals. The subjective and objective refractive examination was done when the pupils were fully dilated and there was no reaction to light. RESULTS: 1. Ammetropia was more common than emetropia in all of the studies for primary school children (1967, 1968, 1973). 2. Hyperopia was more common than myopia in all of the studies of the incidence of ametropia. (1967, 1968, 1973). 3. The incidence of hyperopia increased until the age of 7 following which there was an annual decrease in the incidence. in contrast, the incidence of myopia showed an annual increase from the age of 8 years. 4. Although myopia was more commonly found among the girls in the 1967, 1973 studies, the 1968 study showed a higher incidence among boys. 5. The greatest incidence of refractive errors occurred at the age of 7 years. 6. The majority of refractive errors were less than 3 diopters. 7. "With the rule" astigmatism was more commonly found than "against the rule". 8. In 1973 the incidence of myopia among primary school children had dropped to 13. 70/0 as compared with a 19.37% incidence in 1967, and 22.9% incidence in 1968.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Cyclopentolate ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Lighting ; Myopia ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors* ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity ; Writing

It has generally been accepted that there is a direct relationship between excessively nearwork such as writing and reading, and the incidence of myopia in primary school children. Hong et al (1967, 1968) reported a yearly increase in the incidence of myopia in primary school children in Seoul, Korea. The highest incidence of myopia was found among 5th and 6th graders. These children had to study hard for long hours in preparation for the entrance examinations into middle school. This study was on the incidence of myopia among primary school children was made to find the present incidence of refractive errors now that the entrance examination has been eliminated. In Seoul these examinations have been eliminated since 1969. This study was made in 1973 A comparison is made of the incidence of refractive errors before and after the elimination of the examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 645 primary school children (330 boys and 315 girls) between the ages of 7 and 12 were examined for refractive errors. Visual acuity was checked using the Snellen's E chart under a standard 10 foot candle illumination. There after -2% Cyclogyl solution was twice instiIled in both eyes at 5 minute intervals. The subjective and objective refractive examination was done when the pupils were fully dilated and there was no reaction to light. RESULTS: 1. Ammetropia was more common than emetropia in all of the studies for primary school children (1967, 1968, 1973). 2. Hyperopia was more common than myopia in all of the studies of the incidence of ametropia. (1967, 1968, 1973). 3. The incidence of hyperopia increased until the age of 7 following which there was an annual decrease in the incidence. in contrast, the incidence of myopia showed an annual increase from the age of 8 years. 4. Although myopia was more commonly found among the girls in the 1967, 1973 studies, the 1968 study showed a higher incidence among boys. 5. The greatest incidence of refractive errors occurred at the age of 7 years. 6. The majority of refractive errors were less than 3 diopters. 7. "With the rule" astigmatism was more commonly found than "against the rule". 8. In 1973 the incidence of myopia among primary school children had dropped to 13. 70/0 as compared with a 19.37% incidence in 1967, and 22.9% incidence in 1968.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Cyclopentolate ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Lighting ; Myopia ; Pupil ; Refractive Errors* ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity ; Writing

PURPOSE: Marginal fit is a very important factor considering the restoration's long-term success. However, adding porcelain to copings can cause distortion and lead to an inadequate fit which exposes more luting material to the oral environment and causes secondary caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal fit of 2 different all-ceramic crown systems before and after porcelain veneering. This study was also intended to verify the marginal fit of crowns originated from green machining of partially sintered blocks of zirconia (Lava CAD/CAM system) and that of crowns obtained through machining of fully sintered blocks of zirconia (Digident CAD/CAM system). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 crowns were made per each system and the marginal fit was evaluated through a light microscope with image processing (Accura 2000) at 50 points that were randomly selected. Each crown was measured twice: the first measurement was done after obtaining a 0.5 mm coping and the second measurement was done after porcelain veneering. The means and standard deviations were calculated and statistical inferences among the 2 groups were made using independent t-test and within the same group through paired t-test. RESULTS: The means and standard deviations of the marginal fit were 61.52 +/- 2.88 micrometer for the Digident CAD/CAM zirconia ceramic crowns before porcelain veneering and 83.15 +/- 3.51 micrometer after porcelain veneering. Lava CAD/CAM zirconia ceramic crowns showed means and standard deviations of 62.22 +/- 1.78 micrometer before porcelain veneering and 82.03 +/- 1.85 micrometer after porcelain veneering. Both groups showed significant differences when analyzing the marginal gaps before and after porcelain veneering within each group. However, no significant differences were found when comparing the marginal gaps of each group before porcelain veneering and after porcelain veneering as well. CONCLUSION: The 2 all-ceramic crown systems showed marginal gaps that were within a reported clinically acceptable range of marginal discrepancy.
Ceramics ; Crowns ; Dental Porcelain ; Light ; Zirconium