Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease is common, but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. We performed esophageal manometry, radionuclide oropharyngeal and esophageal transit study in order to obtain the objective data of the frequency of dysphagia in the patients with Parkinson's and to evaluate the subjective symptoms and motor dysfunction of oropharynx and esophagus. Seventeen idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients(7 men and 10 women) and twenty age-matched controls were subjects for esophageal manometry , radionuclide oropharyngeal(O'IT) and esophageal transit study(ETT). Among 17 patients group, 10 patients were abnormal in esophageal manometry, and 14 were abnormal in radionuclide transit time(ETT). At the results of OTT & E'IT, there is significant difference between patient group and age-matched control group(contror group OTT ;2.64+1.9, ETT ;14.33+9.4 : patient group OTT ;34.21+ 71.6, ETT ; 115.98+116. Lsec) (P < 0. 05). However, there was no significant difference between those with complain of dysphagqa and those without complain of dysphagia. Moreover, there was no correlation among the results of O'IT & EIT, the findings of esophageal manometry, those with complain. Of dysphagia, and H-Y stage. In conclusion, it showed the oropharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction in most of Parkinson's disease patients, which was not related with the severity of dysphagia. The causable lesion of dysphagia involved diffusely throughout oropharynx, body of esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. And, esophageal manometry and radionuclide transit study might be objective tools for evaluation of dysphagia. The relationship between motor dysfunction of oropharynx and esophagus and the severity of Parkinson's disease is remained to be clear.
Deglutition Disorders* ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Male ; Manometry ; Oropharynx ; Parkinson Disease*

We investigated the synergistic apoptotic effects of co-treatments with Chios gum mastic (CGM) and eugenol on G361 human melanoma cells. An MTT assay was conducted to investigate whether this co-treatment efficiently reduces the viability of G361 cells compared with each single treatment. The induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by DNA electrophoresis, Hoechst staining, and analyses of DNA hypoploidy. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were also performed to evaluate expression and translocation of apoptosis-related proteins following CGM and eugenol co-treatment. Proteasome activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes were also assayed.The results indicated that the co-treatment of CGM and eugenol induces multiple pathways and processes associated with an apoptotic response in G361 cells. These include nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, a reduction in MMP and proteasome activity, an increase of Bax and decrease of Bcl-2, a decreased DNA content, cytochrome c release into the cytosol, the translocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) into the nucleus, and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, PARP and DFF45 (ICAD). In contrast, separate treatments of 40 microg/ml CGM or 300 microM eugenol for 24 hours did not induce apoptosis. Our present data thus suggest that a combination therapy of CGM and eugenol is a potential treatment strategy for human melanoma.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 7 ; Caspase 9 ; Cytochromes c ; Cytosol ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Electrophoresis ; Eugenol ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins ; Resins, Plant

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound that is widely used in dentistry as a component of zinc oxide eugenol cement that is commonly applied to the mouth environment. Cisplatin is one of the most potent known anticancer agents and shows significant clinical activity against a variety of solid tumors. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic apoptotic effects of co-treatments with eugenol and cisplatin on human melanoma (G361) cells. To investigate whether this co-treatment efficiently reduces the viability of G361 cells compared with each single treatment, an MTT assay was conducted. The induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by DNA electrophoresis, Hoechst staining and an analysis of DNA hypoploidy. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were also performed to evaluate the expression levels and the translocation of apoptosis-related proteins following this co-treatment. Furthermore, proteasome activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes were also assayed. The results indicated that a co-treatment with eugenol and cisplatin induced multiple pathways and processes associated with an apoptotic response in G361 cells including nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, a reduction in MMP and proteasome activity, the increase and decrease of Bax and Bcl-2, a decreased DNA content, the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, the translocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) into the nucleus, and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, PARP and DFF45 (ICAD). In contrast, separate treatments of 300 microM eugenol or 3 microM cisplatin for 24 h did not induce apoptosis. Our present data thus suggest that a combination therapy of eugenol and cisplatin is a potential treatment strategy for human melanoma.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 7 ; Caspase 9 ; Cisplatin ; Cytochromes c ; Cytosol ; Dentistry ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; Electrophoresis ; Eugenol ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mouth ; Phenol ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins ; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

PURPOSE: To determine the changes of location of intraocular lens (IOL) and refractive errors in the cases of vitrectomized eyes and non-vitrectomized eyes, we evaluated the anterior chamber depth and refractive errors after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation. METHODS: In 21 vitrectomized eyes of 21 patients (group 1) and 22 non-vitrecomized eyes of 22 patients (group 2), the anterior chamber depth was measured with Orbscan II (Bausch and Lomb Surgical, Germany) for the evaluation of changes of anterior chamber depth preoperatively, at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. We compared the desired refraction by preoperative data, and postoperative manifest refraction of postoperative 1 month and 3 months. RESULTS: In group 1, the anterior chamber was deeper than that of group 2 postoperative 1 month but the result was not statistically significant. After 3 months the chamber depth was significantly deeper in group 1 than group 2, (P=0.047), and refractive errors were significantly more hyperopic in group 1 than group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The vitreous influenced the location of IOL after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation, so in the cases of vitrectomized eyes IOL was more posteriorly located, and thus hyperopic shift was noted.
Anterior Chamber* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification ; Refractive Errors

BACKGROUND: Tumor markers have been used in diagnosis, predicting the extent of disease, monitering recurrence after therapy and prediction of prognosis. But the utility of markers in lung cancer has been limited by low sensitivity and specificity. TPA-M is recently developed marker using combined monoclonal antibody of Cytokeratin 8, 18, and 19. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of new tumor marker, TPA-M by comparing the estabilished markers 8CC, CEA, Cyfra2 I - I in hmg cancer. METHODS: An immunoradiometric assay of serum CEA, SCC, Cyfra2l-I, and TPA-M was performed in 49 pathologically confirmed lung cancer patients who visited Keimyung University Hospital from April 1996 to August 1996, and 29 benign lung diseases. Commercially available kits, Ab bead CM (Eiken) to CEA, SCC RIA BEAD (DAINABOT) to SCC, CA21-1 (TEE) to Cyfra21-1, arid TPA-M (DAIICHI) to TPA-M were used for this study. RESULTS: The mean serum values of lung cancer group and control group were 10.05 +/- 38.39 micro/L, l.59+/-0.94 micro/L in CEA, 3.04+/-5.79 micro/L, 1.58+/-2.85 micro/L in SCC, 8.27+/-11.96 micro/L, 1.77+/-2.72 micro/L in Cyfra21-1, and 132.02+/-209.35 U/L, 45.86+/-75.86 U/t in TPA-M respectively. Serum values of Cyfra21-1 and TPA-M in lung cancer group were higher than control group (p<0.05). Using cutoff value recommended by the manufactures, that is 2.5 micro/L, in CEA, 3.0 micro/L in Cyfra21-1, 70.0 U/L in TPA-M, arid 2.0 micro/L in SCC, sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer were 33.3%, 786% in CEA, 50.0%, 89.7% in Cyfra2l-l, 52.3%, 89.7% in TPA-M, 23.8%, 89.3% in SCC. Sensitivity and specificity of nonsmall cell lung cancer were 36.1%, 78.1% in CIA, 50.1%, 89.7% in Cyfra2l-1, 53.1%, 89.7% in TPA-M, 33.8%, 89.3% in SCC. Sensitivity and specificity of small cell king cancer were 25.0%, 78.5% in CEA, 50.0%, 89.6% in Cyfra2l-1, 50.0%, 89.6% in TPA-M, 0%, 89.2% in SCC. Cutoff value according to ROC(Receiver operating characteristics) curve was l.25 micro/L in CEA, 1.5 micro/L in Cyfra2l-1, 35 U/L in TPA-M, 0.6 micro/L in SCC. With this cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and kappa index of Cyfra21-1 and TPA-M were Letter than CEA and SCC. SCC only was related with statistic significance to TNM stages, dividing to operable stages(TNM stage I to IIIA) and inoperable stages (IIIB and IV) (p<0.05). But no tumor markers showed any correlation with significance with tumor size(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum TPA-M and Cyfra21-1 shows higher sensitivity and specificity than CEA and SCC in overall lung cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer those were confirmed pathologically. SCC has higher specificity in nonsmall cell lung cancer. And the level of serum SCC are significantly related with TNM staging.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoradiometric Assay ; Keratin-8 ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Biomarkers, Tumor

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this was to evaluate accuracy of frozen section diagnosis for ovarian tumors according to histologic type and malignant potential. METHODS: We compared the frozen section and final diagnosis of patients with ovarian tumors from April 2001 to April 2006. Of these 1138 cases, 628 cases (55.2%) were epithelial ovarian tumors. Benign, borderline, and malignant epithelial tumors were 380 (60.5%), 87 (13.9%), and 161 (25.6%) cases. The accuracy of frozen section diagnosis was analyzed according to histologic type and malignancy potential. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of frozen section diagnosis was 93.9%. The accuracy for benign, borderline, and malignant tumors were 93%, 92%, and 98%, respectively. The accuracy of frozen section diagnosis was significantly low in mucinous tumors and borderline malignant tumors. However the borderline malignancy was the only independent factor associated with the inaccuracy of frozen section diagnosis (OR: 12.2, 95% CI: 6.5-23.1). The sensitivity for immature teratoma was as low as 63.6%. CONCLUSION: Our data shows that the accuracy is low in mucinous tumors, borderline tumors, and immature teratomas and the borderline malignancy is independent factor associated with inaccuracy of frozen section diagnosis.
Carcinoma ; Diagnosis* ; Frozen Sections* ; Humans ; Mucins ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Teratoma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sudden sensoryneural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otological emergency disease of a non-specific cause. If there is no improvement or if the degree of hearing loss is severe, patients are often referred to other medical institution. Many papers have reported regarding the treatment results of SSNHL, however, most of them failed to mention the fact that patients were referred from other clinics after steroid treatment. This paper would like to compare the treatment results between patient groups who had been referred following steroid treatment and those who received steroid treatment for the first time.SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 127 patients from January 2015 to August 2017. Patients who received steroid treatment for the first time were classified as group 1; those who had received steroid treatment at another hospital and those who were re-treated were classified as group 2. The treatment results of each group were evaluated. RESULTS: According to the results of this study, the recovery rates for group 1 and 2 were 66.7% and 31.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Most of the previous studies on the treatment results of sudden hearing loss were performed in tertiary medical institutions. It is likely that the treatment results of patients who recovered after treatment in the primary and secondary medical institutions were missed, which means that the results of steroid therapy may be better than those reported previously.

BACKGROUND: Primary focal hyperhidrosis is characterized by overactivity of the sympathetic nervous function, and this has been effectively treated with endoscopic thoracic sympathetic denervation (ESD). The imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system that's created by ESD may affect the heart, lung and other thoracic organs. We analyzed the heart rate and ECG changes after performing ESD at our hospital, and this is the first such study that has been conducted on this. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Of the 263 patients who underwent ESD between October 1996 and October 2006, 130 had ECG before and after ESD, and they were classified into 3 groups according to the level of ESD: Group I (n=40) patients underwent ESD at the 2nd rib (T2ESD), Group II (n=80) at the 3rd rib (T3ESD) and Group III (n=10) at the 4th rib (T4ESD). RESULT: There was no mortality or major morbidity. Heart rate (HR) was significantly decreased from 71.6+/-10.6/min to 66.8+/-10.2/min after ESD (p<0.01); however, the PR (from 148.6+/-21.2 msec to 152.8+/-20.5 msec) and QTc (from 399.2+/-15.4 msec to 404.0+/-15.1 msec) intervals were significantly increased after ESD in the patients who suffered with primary hyperhidrosis (p<0.01). According to the level of ESD, there were significant changes in the HR and QTc interval in group I (T2ESD), the HR and PR interval in group II and the QTc interval in Group III. CONCLUSION: There were significant changes in the heart rate and ECG findings after ESD. The thoracic sympathetic denervation of T2, T3 and T4 affected the electrical activity of the heart at the resting state.
Electrocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis ; Lung ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Ribs ; Sympathectomy

Central nervous system cryptococcosis is common in the AIDS patients with reported incidences ranging from 1.9% to 11.0%. Cryptococcosis may be the initial manifestation of HIV infection or occur simultaneously with other opportunistic infections. HIV-infected patients with central nervous system cryptococcosis complain of fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, and cognitive dysfunction. Meningeal signs and photophobia are less common than in HIV-negative patients. Focal neurologic signs and seizures are uncommon. Disseminated cryptococcosis is often concomitantly found at the time of central nervous system cryptococcosis. We report a case of 49 year-old Korean female with HIV infection who died of disseminated cryptococcosis with autopsy findings.
Autopsy* ; Central Nervous System ; Cryptococcosis* ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Opportunistic Infections ; Photophobia ; Seizures ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the arthroscopic exploration combined with modified Brostrom operation (MBO) for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability (CAI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients who diagnosed a CAI were performed MBO. We divided to 2 groups, whether simultaneously inspected by arthroscopy (group B) or not (group A). The both group's results were compared according to American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-hindfoot score (AOFAS), functional ankle score and visual analog scale (VAS) at preoperative and final follow-up period. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of AOFAS, functional ankle score and VAS between both groups at final follow-up. However, in group A, 2 cases associated with medial ankle instability and syndesmotic injuries were did not diagnosed preoperatively, showed poor prognosis. In group B, one case had a permanent peroneal nerve symptom. The match rate of intra-articular lesions between preoperative diagnosis and postoperative arthroscopic diagnosis was 30% in group B. CONCLUSION: Combination of arthroscopic exploration and MBO is effective strategy for intra-operatively discrimination of intra-articular associated lesions for CAI.
Animals ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Arthroscopy ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Peroneal Nerve ; Prognosis