Acute Disease ; Diagnosis ; Enterotoxins ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Hypotension ; Shock ; Shock, Septic ; Staphylococcus aureus

No abstract available.
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure*

The present study was carried out to clarify the anatomical changes of lumbar intervertebral discs by aging. Anterior height, posterior height, anteroposterior diameter of intervertebral discs were measured on 512 normal plain lateral radiographs of lumbosacral spine. And the indices of disc wedging and relative disc height were calculated. There was a cephalocaudal gradient of increase in the indices of disc wedging in all age groups. The indices of relative disc height were constant at all lumbar levels. These suggest that the lower disc is more wedge shaped and the height of discs changes in the constant ratio with that of vertebral body.
Aging* ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Spine

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage* ; Hemorrhoidectomy*

No Abstract Available.
Cytokines* ; Perforin* ; Shwartzman Phenomenon* ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) cover a broad spectrum of developmental disorders which cause the various clinical manifestations including epilepsy, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. MCD have been clinically classified based on the disruption of developmental processes such as proliferation, migration, and organization. Molecular genetic studies of MCD have improved our understanding of these disorders at a molecular level beyond the clinical classification. These recent advances are resulted from the development of massive parallel sequencing technology, also known as next-generation sequencing (NGS), which has allowed researchers to uncover novel molecular genetic pathways associated with inherited or de novo mutations. Although an increasing number of disease-related genes or genetic variations have been identified, genotype-phenotype correlation is hampered when the biological or pathological functions of identified genetic variations are not fully understood. To elucidate the causality of genetic variations, in vivo disease models that reflect these variations are required. In the current review, we review the use of NGS technology to identify genes involved in MCD, and discuss how the functions of these identified genes can be validated through in vivo disease modeling.
Classification ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Variation ; Intellectual Disability ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Molecular Biology*

No abstract available.
Pericardial Effusion* ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate*

There are several lasers available for office-based or suspension microlaryngoscopy laser procedures in the treatment of laryngeal diseases. Each has advantages and disadvantages given the depth of penetration per unit of power, absorption in water, spectral absorption characteristics, mode of delivery, safety, and cost. It is important to note that while the proper selection of indication of treatment based on a laser wavelength is critical, of equal importance is selecting the appropriate power setting, focal length (or spot size), and time of exposure. The photoangiolytic lasers precisely target hemoglobin within the microcirculation of the highly vascularized tissue and may have better hemostatic effects and preservation of surrounding normal tissue than the CO2 laser. Although the choice of laser is purely theoretical and cannot be accurately concluded which parameters of laser (wattage and pulse width) were best to use, photoangiolytic laser surgery is safe and effective for specific laryngeal lesions. In this review, indications for photoangiolytic laser procedures for various laryngeal diseases, laser settings and surgical techniques for specific laryngeal lesions including sulcus vocalis, laryngeal dysplasia, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis will be introduced. Pros and cons of in-office laser surgery using photoangiolytic laser and flexible CO2 laser will also be addressed.

There are several lasers available for office-based or suspension microlaryngoscopy laser procedures in the treatment of laryngeal diseases. Each has advantages and disadvantages given the depth of penetration per unit of power, absorption in water, spectral absorption characteristics, mode of delivery, safety, and cost. It is important to note that while the proper selection of indication of treatment based on a laser wavelength is critical, of equal importance is selecting the appropriate power setting, focal length (or spot size), and time of exposure. The photoangiolytic lasers precisely target hemoglobin within the microcirculation of the highly vascularized tissue and may have better hemostatic effects and preservation of surrounding normal tissue than the CO2 laser. Although the choice of laser is purely theoretical and cannot be accurately concluded which parameters of laser (wattage and pulse width) were best to use, photoangiolytic laser surgery is safe and effective for specific laryngeal lesions. In this review, indications for photoangiolytic laser procedures for various laryngeal diseases, laser settings and surgical techniques for specific laryngeal lesions including sulcus vocalis, laryngeal dysplasia, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis will be introduced. Pros and cons of in-office laser surgery using photoangiolytic laser and flexible CO2 laser will also be addressed.

BACKGROUND: Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used as adjuvants for postoperative pain management with opioid sparing effect. The effect of diclofenac on postoperative opioid analgesia of morphine and meperidine was evaluated in 180 women after cesarean section. METHODS: One hundred eighty parturients were randomly allocated to four groups and each group had 45 women. The parturients were given loading dose of morphine in M group and meperidine in D group using intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) device for up to 48 hours when the parturients awoke and complained abdominal pain. The parturients received diclofenac 75 mg every 12 hours intramuscularly followed by loading dose of morphine in MV group and meperidine in DV group. We evaluated the postoperative opioid requirement, numerical rating pain score, delivery/demand ratio, patient's satisfaction and side effects including respiratory depression, itching, nausea, urinary retention and dizziness. RESULTS: Diclofenac decreased over 40% of morphine or meperidine requirement and also pain score at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours in the use of PCA morphine and at 6, 12 and 24 hours in the use of PCA meperidine. And the incidence of sedation and itching decreased in MV and DV group. CONCLUSION: We concluded that diclofenac as adjuvant of opioid for postoperative pain after cesarean section could decrease requirement of morphine and meperidine, increase pain relief and decrease sedation and itching.
Abdominal Pain ; Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Cesarean Section* ; Diclofenac* ; Dizziness ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Meperidine* ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis* ; Pregnancy ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Urinary Retention