Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish a Reversed Phase – High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the quantification of Rhein from Cassia fistula L. leaves. Methods: A Shimadzu system equipped with a C18 Column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic elution of Acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution (solvent B) (Merck, 1.08178.0050) with a 55:45 ratio, respectively and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and sample injection of 10 μL detection was done at 230 nm. Standard solution of Rhein (Chengdu Biopurify) was prepared for method development. This study was validated using the guidelines set under “ICH Topic Q2 R2 or the Validation of Analytical Procedures”. Procedures for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were performed. Results: The retention time of Rhein standard was determined at 5.10 minutes. LOD and LOQ were determined to be 1.278 mcg/mL and 3.872 mcg/mL, respectively with good linearity (R2 ≥0.996) with a linear range of 2.5-20 ug/mL of the Rhein standard. The accuracy of the method was determined based on % recovery method and ranged from 94.75%-100.32% (intraday, n=3) with %RSD of 0.71. The intraday precision %RSD was 2.92 (n=6) while interday precision %RSD was 3.75 (n=3). The method was able to check the Rhein quantity among 10 samples of Cassia fistula L. leaves from different locations in the Philippines. Conclusion The method was found to be sensitive and accurate for the quantification of Rhein. The method was found to be useful for the quantification of the amount of Rhein and can be used as a Quality Control tool for the assessment of Cassia fistula.
Cassia ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

OBJECTIVES<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this study is to establish a Reversed Phase – High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the quantification of Rhein from Cassia fistula L. leaves.p>METHODS<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">A Shimadzu system equipped with a C18 Column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic elution of Acetonitrile (solvent A) and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution (solvent B) (Merck, 1.08178.0050) with a 55:45 ratio, respectively and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and sample injection of 10 μL detection was done at 230 nm. Standard solution of Rhein (Chengdu Biopurify) was prepared for method development. This study was validated using the guidelines set under “ICH Topic Q2 R2 or the Validation of Analytical Procedures”. Procedures for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were performed.p>RESULTS<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The retention time of Rhein standard was determined at 5.10 minutes. LOD and LOQ were determined to be 1.278 mcg/mL and 3.872 mcg/mL, respectively with good linearity (R2 ≥0.996) with a linear range of 2.5-20 ug/mL of the Rhein standard. The accuracy of the method was determined based on % recovery method and ranged from 94.75%-100.32% (intraday, n=3) with %RSD of 0.71. The intraday precision %RSD was 2.92 (n=6) while interday precision %RSD was 3.75 (n=3). The method was able to check the Rhein quantity among 10 samples of Cassia fistula L. leaves from different locations in the Philippines.p>CONCLUSION<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The method was found to be sensitive and accurate for the quantification of Rhein. The method was found to be useful for the quantification of the amount of Rhein and can be used as a Quality Control tool for the assessment of Cassia fistula.p>
Cassia ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC for the treatment of urinary tract stones. Methods: Data were collected from online databases, the Philippine National Library, and unpublished clinical trials. We obtained permission from authors of unpublished clinical trials but with existing patent applications. Studies were selected based on the criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the efficacy of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC for the treatment of urinary tract stones given alone or in combination with a non-pharmacological/pharmacological intervention in comparison to a pharmacological/non-pharmacological intervention for urinary tract stones with participants aged 15 to 65 years in an ambulatory setting. Results: Our search methods yielded a total of 20 studies. Four studies met our inclusion criteria. Patients who took sambong had a reduction in stone size by radiographic evidence 23.45 times more than those who took the placebo (p=0.001). Also, patients taking sambong were 38.04 times more likely to pass stones compared to those patients taking a placebo (p=0.0004). Patients taking sambong were 7.48 times more likely to have reduction or disappearance of signs and symptoms compared to the placebo group (p=0.008). Conclusions Sambong treatment is effective in treating patients with urolithiasis by radiographic evidence of a decrease in size and/or number of stones, the passage of stone/s and/or disappearance or reduction of signs and symptoms with no serious adverse events.
Urinary Calculi

OBJECTIVES<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this study is to describe the pharmacologic activities of Yerba buena (Mentha x villosa Huds).p>METHODS<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">Data were collected if available from online databases from 1950 to 2023 as well as the Philippine National Library, and unpublished clinical trials.p>RESULTS<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The initial search yielded thirty-seven studies from the different databases. After further screening, eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. In vitro/in vivo studies of yerba buena showed antihypertensive, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antitumor, antiviral, and analgesic activities. Safety studies conducted showed that yerba buena possesses antimutagenic property. Clinical trial of yerba buena showed that oral administration of yerba buena and Paracetamol produced comparable analgesic efficacy.p>CONCLUSION<p style="text-align: justify;" data-mce-style="text-align: justify;">The medical benefits of yerba buena have been well-documented and thoroughly researched. Yerba Buena was reported to have analgesic, antibacterial, anthelmintic, anticancer, antiviral, and antihypertensive properties. Among all the different activities, its analgesic activity was the only reported pharmacologic indication to have been clinically tested.
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