Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Asia ; ethnology ; Bevacizumab ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; drug therapy ; ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia ; physiopathology ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitreous Body ; blood supply

AIMThe effect of Galla chinensis on de-/re-mineralization of advanced enamel lesions was investigated by using micro-CT in a prolonged in vitro experiment.

METHODOLOGYBaseline mineral contents of sound enamels were first analyzed. Then lesions were produced in an acidic buffer solution (2.2 m mol x L(-1) Ca(NO3)2, 2.2 mmol x L(-1) KH2PO4, and pH = 4.5) for 21 days, with thrice daily three-minute treatments, divided into four groups: Group A, 4 000 ppm crude aqueous extract of Galla chinensis (GCE); Group B, 4000 ppm gallic acid; Group C, 1000 ppm F aq. (as NaF, positive control); Group D, deionized water (negative control). Next, the blocks were immersed in a remineralization solution (1.5 mmol x L(-1) CaCl2, 0.9 mmol x L(-1) KH2PO4, 0.1 ppm F, and pH = 7.0) for 200 days. Mineral loss (ML) in each region of interest (ROI) and integrated mineral loss (IML) of the lesions were calculated (comparing with baseline mineral content of sound enamel) at different time points.

RESULTSAfter 21 days demineralization, fluoride treatment showed a statistically significant demineralization-inhibiting effect among the four groups, and after 200 days of remineralization, mineral content recovery was ordered (lowest to highest) as A = C < B < D.

CONCLUSIONGCE could slow down the remineralization of enamel in the surface layer and thereby facilitate ion transport into the lesion body. The mechanism of Galla chinensis in enhancing the remineralization of dental caries is different from fluoride.

Animals ; Cariostatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cattle ; Dental Enamel ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gallic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Materials Testing ; Minerals ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Sodium Fluoride ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Tooth Demineralization ; prevention & control ; Tooth Remineralization ; methods ; X-Ray Microtomography

INTRODUCTIONThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intraocular injections of bevacizumab for neovascularisation of the iris and neovascular glaucoma.

CLINICAL PICTUREThree patients with neovascularisation of the iris due to various causes were recruited.

TREATMENTPatients were treated with intraocular bevacizumab.

OUTCOMENeovascularisation of the iris was noted to have completely regressed as early as 3 days after the injection and in all the patients (100%) within 8 days after injection. They were followed up for at least 1 month with no clinical evidence of recurrence. Visual acuity remained stable or improved, and the intraocular pressure was controlled in all the 3 patients' eyes. Vitreous haemorrhage also cleared. No signs of inflammation or complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONIntraocular injection of bevacizumab is effective and safe for patients with neovascularisation of the iris and neovascular glaucoma with or without vitreous haemorrhage.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bevacizumab ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Iris ; blood supply ; Male