1.Exploring the Mediation of Stress and Emotional Exhaustion on Academic Ineffectiveness and Cynicism Among University Students
Cristian RAMOS-VERA ; Miguel BASAURI-DELGADO ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(4):365-374
Objective:
This study explored the indirect effects of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness on the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism in university students, also examining the moderating role of preprofessional internship (PI).
Methods:
A cross-sectional predictive study was conducted that explored the relationship of predictor variables with some criterion variable. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey to which 950 students from two private universities responded (Mage=23.2±2.2 years, 52.7% women). Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation and moderation.
Results:
Emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness mediated the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism. Likewise, the implementation of PI moderated both the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion and the relationship between emotional exhaustion and cynicism.
Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that perceived stress is associated with increased cynicism through symptoms of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by the completion of PI.
2.Exploring the Mediation of Stress and Emotional Exhaustion on Academic Ineffectiveness and Cynicism Among University Students
Cristian RAMOS-VERA ; Miguel BASAURI-DELGADO ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(4):365-374
Objective:
This study explored the indirect effects of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness on the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism in university students, also examining the moderating role of preprofessional internship (PI).
Methods:
A cross-sectional predictive study was conducted that explored the relationship of predictor variables with some criterion variable. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey to which 950 students from two private universities responded (Mage=23.2±2.2 years, 52.7% women). Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation and moderation.
Results:
Emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness mediated the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism. Likewise, the implementation of PI moderated both the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion and the relationship between emotional exhaustion and cynicism.
Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that perceived stress is associated with increased cynicism through symptoms of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by the completion of PI.
3.Exploring the Mediation of Stress and Emotional Exhaustion on Academic Ineffectiveness and Cynicism Among University Students
Cristian RAMOS-VERA ; Miguel BASAURI-DELGADO ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(4):365-374
Objective:
This study explored the indirect effects of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness on the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism in university students, also examining the moderating role of preprofessional internship (PI).
Methods:
A cross-sectional predictive study was conducted that explored the relationship of predictor variables with some criterion variable. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey to which 950 students from two private universities responded (Mage=23.2±2.2 years, 52.7% women). Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation and moderation.
Results:
Emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness mediated the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism. Likewise, the implementation of PI moderated both the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion and the relationship between emotional exhaustion and cynicism.
Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that perceived stress is associated with increased cynicism through symptoms of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by the completion of PI.
4.Exploring the Mediation of Stress and Emotional Exhaustion on Academic Ineffectiveness and Cynicism Among University Students
Cristian RAMOS-VERA ; Miguel BASAURI-DELGADO ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(4):365-374
Objective:
This study explored the indirect effects of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness on the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism in university students, also examining the moderating role of preprofessional internship (PI).
Methods:
A cross-sectional predictive study was conducted that explored the relationship of predictor variables with some criterion variable. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey to which 950 students from two private universities responded (Mage=23.2±2.2 years, 52.7% women). Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation and moderation.
Results:
Emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness mediated the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism. Likewise, the implementation of PI moderated both the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion and the relationship between emotional exhaustion and cynicism.
Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that perceived stress is associated with increased cynicism through symptoms of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by the completion of PI.
5.Exploring the Mediation of Stress and Emotional Exhaustion on Academic Ineffectiveness and Cynicism Among University Students
Cristian RAMOS-VERA ; Miguel BASAURI-DELGADO ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(4):365-374
Objective:
This study explored the indirect effects of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness on the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism in university students, also examining the moderating role of preprofessional internship (PI).
Methods:
A cross-sectional predictive study was conducted that explored the relationship of predictor variables with some criterion variable. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey to which 950 students from two private universities responded (Mage=23.2±2.2 years, 52.7% women). Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation and moderation.
Results:
Emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness mediated the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism. Likewise, the implementation of PI moderated both the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion and the relationship between emotional exhaustion and cynicism.
Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that perceived stress is associated with increased cynicism through symptoms of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by the completion of PI.
6.Is Spiritual Well-Being a Protective Factor Against Stress? An Analysis in a Sample of Peruvian Christians
Carolina CRUZ-PEREZ ; David JAVIER-ALIAGA ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(5):504-512
Objective:
The scientific literature indicates that there is a correlation between spiritual well-being and stress. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the interrelationships between these two factors within the context of a Christian community. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and stress in a sample of Peruvian Christians.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 250 members of a Christian community in southern Peru. The sample was selected by nonprobabilistic purposive sampling. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Stress Scale (SS-7) were used.
Results:
Negative and statistically significant correlation were found between spiritual well-being religious well-being and existential well-being with stress (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that spiritual well-being and sex accounted for 27.8% of the variance in stress levels (adjusted R2=0.278). Spiritual well-being (β=-0.512, p<0.001) has a significant negative effect on stress, while being female (β=0.114, p=0.035) is associated with higher stress levels compared to being male. The moderation effect was not significant, indicating that spiritual well-being influences stress similarly across both sexes (b=-0.0303, standard error=0.0405, t=-0.7469, p=0.456).
Conclusion
These findings support the integration of spiritual well-being into interventions for mental health promotion and prevention with an emphasis on stress; and confirm that the spirituality component of Christians can play an important role in lowering stress levels.
7.Is Spiritual Well-Being a Protective Factor Against Stress? An Analysis in a Sample of Peruvian Christians
Carolina CRUZ-PEREZ ; David JAVIER-ALIAGA ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(5):504-512
Objective:
The scientific literature indicates that there is a correlation between spiritual well-being and stress. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the interrelationships between these two factors within the context of a Christian community. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and stress in a sample of Peruvian Christians.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 250 members of a Christian community in southern Peru. The sample was selected by nonprobabilistic purposive sampling. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Stress Scale (SS-7) were used.
Results:
Negative and statistically significant correlation were found between spiritual well-being religious well-being and existential well-being with stress (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that spiritual well-being and sex accounted for 27.8% of the variance in stress levels (adjusted R2=0.278). Spiritual well-being (β=-0.512, p<0.001) has a significant negative effect on stress, while being female (β=0.114, p=0.035) is associated with higher stress levels compared to being male. The moderation effect was not significant, indicating that spiritual well-being influences stress similarly across both sexes (b=-0.0303, standard error=0.0405, t=-0.7469, p=0.456).
Conclusion
These findings support the integration of spiritual well-being into interventions for mental health promotion and prevention with an emphasis on stress; and confirm that the spirituality component of Christians can play an important role in lowering stress levels.
8.Is Spiritual Well-Being a Protective Factor Against Stress? An Analysis in a Sample of Peruvian Christians
Carolina CRUZ-PEREZ ; David JAVIER-ALIAGA ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(5):504-512
Objective:
The scientific literature indicates that there is a correlation between spiritual well-being and stress. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the interrelationships between these two factors within the context of a Christian community. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and stress in a sample of Peruvian Christians.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 250 members of a Christian community in southern Peru. The sample was selected by nonprobabilistic purposive sampling. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Stress Scale (SS-7) were used.
Results:
Negative and statistically significant correlation were found between spiritual well-being religious well-being and existential well-being with stress (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that spiritual well-being and sex accounted for 27.8% of the variance in stress levels (adjusted R2=0.278). Spiritual well-being (β=-0.512, p<0.001) has a significant negative effect on stress, while being female (β=0.114, p=0.035) is associated with higher stress levels compared to being male. The moderation effect was not significant, indicating that spiritual well-being influences stress similarly across both sexes (b=-0.0303, standard error=0.0405, t=-0.7469, p=0.456).
Conclusion
These findings support the integration of spiritual well-being into interventions for mental health promotion and prevention with an emphasis on stress; and confirm that the spirituality component of Christians can play an important role in lowering stress levels.
9.Is Spiritual Well-Being a Protective Factor Against Stress? An Analysis in a Sample of Peruvian Christians
Carolina CRUZ-PEREZ ; David JAVIER-ALIAGA ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(5):504-512
Objective:
The scientific literature indicates that there is a correlation between spiritual well-being and stress. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the interrelationships between these two factors within the context of a Christian community. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and stress in a sample of Peruvian Christians.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 250 members of a Christian community in southern Peru. The sample was selected by nonprobabilistic purposive sampling. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Stress Scale (SS-7) were used.
Results:
Negative and statistically significant correlation were found between spiritual well-being religious well-being and existential well-being with stress (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that spiritual well-being and sex accounted for 27.8% of the variance in stress levels (adjusted R2=0.278). Spiritual well-being (β=-0.512, p<0.001) has a significant negative effect on stress, while being female (β=0.114, p=0.035) is associated with higher stress levels compared to being male. The moderation effect was not significant, indicating that spiritual well-being influences stress similarly across both sexes (b=-0.0303, standard error=0.0405, t=-0.7469, p=0.456).
Conclusion
These findings support the integration of spiritual well-being into interventions for mental health promotion and prevention with an emphasis on stress; and confirm that the spirituality component of Christians can play an important role in lowering stress levels.
10.Is Spiritual Well-Being a Protective Factor Against Stress? An Analysis in a Sample of Peruvian Christians
Carolina CRUZ-PEREZ ; David JAVIER-ALIAGA ; Yaquelin E. CALIZAYA-MILLA ; Jacksaint SAINTILA
Psychiatry Investigation 2025;22(5):504-512
Objective:
The scientific literature indicates that there is a correlation between spiritual well-being and stress. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the interrelationships between these two factors within the context of a Christian community. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and stress in a sample of Peruvian Christians.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample consisted of 250 members of a Christian community in southern Peru. The sample was selected by nonprobabilistic purposive sampling. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Stress Scale (SS-7) were used.
Results:
Negative and statistically significant correlation were found between spiritual well-being religious well-being and existential well-being with stress (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that spiritual well-being and sex accounted for 27.8% of the variance in stress levels (adjusted R2=0.278). Spiritual well-being (β=-0.512, p<0.001) has a significant negative effect on stress, while being female (β=0.114, p=0.035) is associated with higher stress levels compared to being male. The moderation effect was not significant, indicating that spiritual well-being influences stress similarly across both sexes (b=-0.0303, standard error=0.0405, t=-0.7469, p=0.456).
Conclusion
These findings support the integration of spiritual well-being into interventions for mental health promotion and prevention with an emphasis on stress; and confirm that the spirituality component of Christians can play an important role in lowering stress levels.