This study was intended to assess the effects of low glycemic index (LGI) nutrition education on dietary management and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subjects were 48 sex-matched patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 66.5 +/- 6.2 years, visiting a public health center. They were divided into two groups: the control group (males 10, females 14) and the educated group (males 10, females 14). The educated group was provided with a LGI nutrition education program for 7 weeks. The control group was educated only one time for general diabetic education. Anthropometric indices, knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary glycemic index (DGI) and glycemic load (DGL), fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c were assessed. In the educated group body weight, body mass index and systolic blood pressure (from 138.0 +/- 18.9 mmHg to 130.6 +/- 15.0 mmHg) were significantly reduced after the nutrition education (p < 0.05). The scores of knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index carbohydrates increased significantly in the educated group. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load of the educated group decreased significantly from 103.4 +/- 67.6 to 45.4 +/- 27.1 (p < 0.001), and from 173.3 +/- 135.9 to 66.8 +/- 50.4 (p < 0.001), respectively. Also fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels of the educated group significantly decreased from 124.5 +/- 28.8 mg/dL to 96.7 +/- 21.6 mg/dL (p < 0.001) and from 7.1 +/- 1.3% to 6.4 +/- 1.2% (p < 0.05), respectively. The score of knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels negatively. DGI, DGL and duration of diabetes significantly correlated with HbA1c level positively. From stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, DGI, DGL and the duration of diabetes were extracted as factors influencing HbA1c level of the subjects. The results of this study suggest that low glycemic index nutrition education programs is an effective intervention measure for the glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Carbohydrates ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Fasting ; Female ; Glycemic Index ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Public Health

To evaluate the platelet activation in vivo in the patients with coronary artery disease Indium-111 labeled autologus platelet survival time was measured. Platelet survival determinations were made according to a modified method for radioisotope platelet survival studies recommended by the Panel on Diagnostic Application of Radioisotopes in Hematology of the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology. Autologous platelets were labeled with 111 In-oxine utilizing a similar method used at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. The results are summarized as follows : 1) In the patients with coronary artery disease, especially acutemyocardial infarction, the mean platelet survival time was significantly shorter than that of the normal controls(P<0.05). 2) The mean platelet survival time did not differ significantly between patients with acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. 3) The mean platelet survival time did not differ significantly between nonsmoker and smoker in the patients with coronary artery disease.
Angina Pectoris ; Blood Platelets* ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Hematology ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction ; Platelet Activation ; Radioisotopes

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of premenopausal total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) on the function of remaining ovaries by reviewing the menopausal age in patients treated with total abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 510 women previously treated with TAH or TAH with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO) due to benign disease at the department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, between Jan, 1989 and Dec, 1992. Out of 510 women, 94 women who were thoroughly follwed up were included in the study, and their meopausal age based on patients symptoms were compared to those of the control group. RESULT: Mean menopausal age in patients treated with TAH was 46.3+/-3.0 years and in the normal control group was 49.1+/-3.2 years. The mean age of menopause was significantly lowered in patients treated with TAH/TAH with USO (P< 0.001). There was positive correlation between age at operation and menopausal age. CONCLUSION: According to this study, TAH accelerated ovarian dysfunction, and younger the patient is at the time of operation, earlier the menopause. Therefore, woman treated with TAH is at risk of early menopause and should receive adequate hormone replacement therapy.
Female ; Gynecology ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Medical Records ; Menopause ; Ovary ; Retrospective Studies

Determination of male and female is important in anthropology, archeology and forensic science. This study was designed to compare genotype sex of improved amelogenin PCR amplication method with morphological sex of ancient human bones. Sixty human skulls which lived from the Bronze Age to twenties centuries and excavated in Uzbekistan were used in this study. Morphological sex was determined by Uzbekistan scientist, and genotype sex was determined by improved amelogenin PCR amplication developed in this study. Among 20 morphological males, 13 samples (65%) were genotypical male. Among 40 morphological females, 20 samples (50%) were genotypical male. In conclusion, morphological method might be inadequate for sex determination of ancient bones. The improved amelogenin PCR method will be useful in sex determination of ancient bones.
Amelogenin* ; Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Female ; Forensic Sciences ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Skull ; Uzbekistan*

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of premenopausal Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) on the function of the remaining ovaries by reviewing the menopausal age in TAH treated patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 510 women who had previously undergone TAH, either with or without unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, due to benign disease at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, between Jan 1989 and Dec 1992. Out of the 510 women, the 94 who were throughly followed up were included in the study, and their menopausal age based on patient symptoms was compared to that of the control group. The mean menopausal age in TAH treated patients was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between age at operation and menopausal age. From this study, we could conclude that TAH accelerated ovarian dysfunction, and that the younger the patient was at the time of operation, the earlier the onset of menopause. It is hence apparent that women treated with TAH are at risk of early menopause and should receive adequate hormone replacement therapy.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Human ; *Hysterectomy ; Menopause ; Middle Age ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary/*physiology ; Sterilization, Tubal

Low molecular proteins (LMPs) which are smaller than 20 kDa are difficult to visible on a standard two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D SDS-PAGE) map. LMPs must be enriched appropriately to be analyzed. We isolated LMPs of Helicobacter pylori 26695 from 1-D polyacrylamide gel and digested by pepsin. Pepsin-digested LMPs were separated by HPLC and each fraction was analyzed by hybrid tandem mass spectrometer. Seventy nine peptides, representing 27 genes, including copper ion binding protein (CopP, 7 kDa), thioredoxin (TrxA, 11.9 kDa) and ribosomal protein L23 (Rpl23, 10.5 kDa) were identified. Some proteins larger than 40 kDa including Omp2, Omp21, Omp27, Omp30, Omp32, catalase and HP1083 were also identified. This work may give researchers a useful way to analyse the expressed LMPs which could not be identified on the conventional 2-D SDS-PAGE.
Acrylic Resins ; Carrier Proteins ; Catalase ; Chimera ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Copper ; Electrophoresis ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Helicobacter pylori ; Molecular Weight ; Pepsin A ; Peptides ; Proteins ; Proteome ; Ribosomal Proteins ; Thioredoxins

Many data from ancient human remains became useful by molecular approach for ancient human DNA. In anthropology, genetic sex is essential to understand marriage and burial patterns, differential mortality rates between sexes, and differential patterns by sex of disease, diet, status, and material possessions. This study was designed to determine genotype sex of 52 ancient human bones with well preserved skulls, and to compare with the orphological sex. Parts of femur and other bones were used as ancient bones excavated in Mongolia aged between bronze and Mongol period. Morphological sex was determined by Mongolian scientist, and genotype sex was determined by using biallelic marker RPS4Y for Y haplogroup. Of 52 genetic males, 10 samples were morphologically female. In conclusion, biallelic marker RPS4Y. PCR amplication method will be useful in sex determination of ancient bones.
Anthropology ; Burial ; Diet ; DNA ; Female ; Femur ; Genotype ; Humans* ; Male ; Marriage ; Mongolia ; Mortality ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skull ; Y Chromosome

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of simvastatin to improved lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic Korean patients. METHODS: From 25 hospitals in Korea, 478 hypercholesterolemic patients were enrolled from November 1996 to April 1998. The inclusion criteria was hypercholesterolemia over 240 mg/dl after diet therapy for 1 month or hypercholesterolemia over 220 mg/dl in patients with definite evidence of ischemic heart disease. Simvastatin 10mg was started and doubled up to 40mg if total cholesterol level remained higher than 200 mg/dl at monthly check. Of 478 subjects, 344 patients in whom study protocol was not violated were analyzed. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 27:73 and 47% of the subjects were in 6th decade. Hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus were present in 30, 10, and 4% of the subjects. Baseline lipid profile (mean of total cholesterol-LDL-HDL-triglyceride mg/dl) was 274-185-52-188. The dose of simvastatin for 3 months was 10/10/10mg in 61% of subjects, 10/20/20mg in 21%, 10/10/20mg in 7%, and 10/20/40mg in 12%. The change of total cholesterol level(before-4wk-8wk-12wk-withdrawal 4wk) was 274-209- 205-198-250, and the maximal reduction rate was 27%. The change of LDL-cholesterol was 185-123-116-110-159, with maximal reduction rate 39%. The change of HDL-cholesterol was 52-54-56-55-54, with maximal increase rate 9%. The change of tryglyceride was 188-161- 164-162-189, with maximal reduction rate 15%. The value before/after treatment of ApoA1, ApoB, and Lp(a) was 129/129, 138/83, and 9.3/10.7, respectively. The level of LDL-cholesterol at the end of treatment was below 100mg/dl in 36% of subjects, 100-130 in 45%, 130-160 in 16%, and over 160mg/dl in 4%. The reduction rate of LDL-cholesterol was different between subjects whose LDL decreased below 100 and those whose LDL did not decrease below 130mg/dl, which suggests the existence of the individual difference of responsiveness to simvastatin. There were only 3 subjects (0.9%) who showed increase of liver enzyme over 3 times as the upper normal limit. Conclusion: Simvastatin is effective in improving lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic Korean patients without serious side effects.
Apolipoproteins B ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Individuality ; Korea ; Liver ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Simvastatin*

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of simvastatin to improved lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic Korean patients. METHODS: From 25 hospitals in Korea, 478 hypercholesterolemic patients were enrolled from November 1996 to April 1998. The inclusion criteria was hypercholesterolemia over 240 mg/dl after diet therapy for 1 month or hypercholesterolemia over 220 mg/dl in patients with definite evidence of ischemic heart disease. Simvastatin 10mg was started and doubled up to 40mg if total cholesterol level remained higher than 200 mg/dl at monthly check. Of 478 subjects, 344 patients in whom study protocol was not violated were analyzed. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 27:73 and 47% of the subjects were in 6th decade. Hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus were present in 30, 10, and 4% of the subjects. Baseline lipid profile (mean of total cholesterol-LDL-HDL-triglyceride mg/dl) was 274-185-52-188. The dose of simvastatin for 3 months was 10/10/10mg in 61% of subjects, 10/20/20mg in 21%, 10/10/20mg in 7%, and 10/20/40mg in 12%. The change of total cholesterol level(before-4wk-8wk-12wk-withdrawal 4wk) was 274-209- 205-198-250, and the maximal reduction rate was 27%. The change of LDL-cholesterol was 185-123-116-110-159, with maximal reduction rate 39%. The change of HDL-cholesterol was 52-54-56-55-54, with maximal increase rate 9%. The change of tryglyceride was 188-161- 164-162-189, with maximal reduction rate 15%. The value before/after treatment of ApoA1, ApoB, and Lp(a) was 129/129, 138/83, and 9.3/10.7, respectively. The level of LDL-cholesterol at the end of treatment was below 100mg/dl in 36% of subjects, 100-130 in 45%, 130-160 in 16%, and over 160mg/dl in 4%. The reduction rate of LDL-cholesterol was different between subjects whose LDL decreased below 100 and those whose LDL did not decrease below 130mg/dl, which suggests the existence of the individual difference of responsiveness to simvastatin. There were only 3 subjects (0.9%) who showed increase of liver enzyme over 3 times as the upper normal limit. Conclusion: Simvastatin is effective in improving lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic Korean patients without serious side effects.
Apolipoproteins B ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Individuality ; Korea ; Liver ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Simvastatin*