No abstract available.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis* ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mice*

A case of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMT) developed after radiation therapy for a uterine cervix cancer is described. The patient was a 62-year-old female at the time of diagnosis of stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and a total of 12,000 rads of x-ray was administered on the pelvic area. Five years later she manifested vaginal spotting and rectal pain. Endometial curettage and biopsy revealed carcinosarcoma. Radical hysterectomy was done and a 5x3x2 cm sized polypoid mass was noted in the uterine cavity. Microscopically, the tumor showed intimate admixture of adenocarcinomatous and sarcomatous areas. The sarcomatous stroma was composed of compactly arranged atypical spindle cells with frequent mitoses, merging into a loosely textured reticular areas and abundant amount of heterologous elements such as skeletal muscle and cartilage. The rhabdomyosarcomatous element was confirmed by PTAH staining and immunohistochemical staining for myoglobin and desmin. Multiple metastases to the liver, lung, and lymph nodes appeared within one year of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In spite of palliative radiotherapy, she expired one month later.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy*

Oxyphilic clear cell carcinoma of the ovary is a variant of clear cell carcinoma with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm described by Young & Scully in 1987. Thorough samplin is needed to identify typical foci of clear cell carcinoma for the differential diagnoses from a variety of ovarian tumors with oxyphilic cells. We report a case of oxyphilic clear cell carcinoma in a 65-year-old female patient who presented with vaginal spotting and lower abdominal discomfort. The excised mass was a 10x8x7cm sized, well circumscribe yellowish white solid ovarian tumor. Microscopically, the tumor showed glandular, papillary and alveolar growth patterns composed of cuboidal or hobnail-shaped oxyphilic cells.
Female ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland (PSCCT) is a rare malignancy that presents with advanced disease and poor prognosis. It is difficult to diagnose PSCCT in its early stage because of its rarity and lack of typical imaging findings. We experienced an elderly woman with PSCCT confirmed by surgery. Although preoperative fine-needle aspiration revealed no malignancy, surgical resection was performed because the ultrasonogram showed diffuse microcalcifications, which suggested malignancy, and clinically, the mass grew rapidly to compress the trachea. Local tumor recurrence was noted at 3 months after surgery. Surgical resection or repeat biopsy should be considered if a cytologically benign thyroid mass shows imaging or clinical features of malignancy.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Recurrence* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Trachea ; Ultrasonography

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of rebamipide eyedrops in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) associated with Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods: The study included 50 patients with Sjögren’s syndrome accompanied by MGD treated with 0.05% (w/v) cyclosporine and 0.15% (w/v) sodium hyaluronate eyedrops. They were divided into two groups: 25 who added rebamipide eyedrops to their existing treatments and a control group of 25 whose treatments did not change. We evaluated the tear breakup time, the Schirmer test and conjunctival staining scores, meibomian gland quality and function, and eyelid margin irregularity before prescribing rebamipide eyedrops and 1 and 3 months after prescription. Additionally, before eyedrops use and 3 months later, meibographic scores were assessed via imaging of the meibomian gland and ocular surface disease index values also were assessed. Results: The rebamipide group exhibited significant improvements in the tear breakup time, conjunctival staining score, and ocular surface disease index compared to before treatment (all p < 0.05). However, the Schirmer test result, meibomian gland quality and function, and eyelid margin irregularity did not differ between either groups before or after treatment. After 3 months of eyedrop use, the rebamipide group exhibited a significantly higher tear breakup time (p < 0.01) and Schirmer test score (p < 0.01) than the control group (p = 0.01), and significantly lower ocular surface disease index and conjunctival staining scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions Addition of rebamipide eyedrops to the conventional treatment of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome accompanied by MGD effectively improves dry eye symptoms and the ocular surface parameters.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of rebamipide eyedrops in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) associated with Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods: The study included 50 patients with Sjögren’s syndrome accompanied by MGD treated with 0.05% (w/v) cyclosporine and 0.15% (w/v) sodium hyaluronate eyedrops. They were divided into two groups: 25 who added rebamipide eyedrops to their existing treatments and a control group of 25 whose treatments did not change. We evaluated the tear breakup time, the Schirmer test and conjunctival staining scores, meibomian gland quality and function, and eyelid margin irregularity before prescribing rebamipide eyedrops and 1 and 3 months after prescription. Additionally, before eyedrops use and 3 months later, meibographic scores were assessed via imaging of the meibomian gland and ocular surface disease index values also were assessed. Results: The rebamipide group exhibited significant improvements in the tear breakup time, conjunctival staining score, and ocular surface disease index compared to before treatment (all p < 0.05). However, the Schirmer test result, meibomian gland quality and function, and eyelid margin irregularity did not differ between either groups before or after treatment. After 3 months of eyedrop use, the rebamipide group exhibited a significantly higher tear breakup time (p < 0.01) and Schirmer test score (p < 0.01) than the control group (p = 0.01), and significantly lower ocular surface disease index and conjunctival staining scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions Addition of rebamipide eyedrops to the conventional treatment of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome accompanied by MGD effectively improves dry eye symptoms and the ocular surface parameters.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of rebamipide eyedrops in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) associated with Sjögren’s syndrome. Methods: The study included 50 patients with Sjögren’s syndrome accompanied by MGD treated with 0.05% (w/v) cyclosporine and 0.15% (w/v) sodium hyaluronate eyedrops. They were divided into two groups: 25 who added rebamipide eyedrops to their existing treatments and a control group of 25 whose treatments did not change. We evaluated the tear breakup time, the Schirmer test and conjunctival staining scores, meibomian gland quality and function, and eyelid margin irregularity before prescribing rebamipide eyedrops and 1 and 3 months after prescription. Additionally, before eyedrops use and 3 months later, meibographic scores were assessed via imaging of the meibomian gland and ocular surface disease index values also were assessed. Results: The rebamipide group exhibited significant improvements in the tear breakup time, conjunctival staining score, and ocular surface disease index compared to before treatment (all p < 0.05). However, the Schirmer test result, meibomian gland quality and function, and eyelid margin irregularity did not differ between either groups before or after treatment. After 3 months of eyedrop use, the rebamipide group exhibited a significantly higher tear breakup time (p < 0.01) and Schirmer test score (p < 0.01) than the control group (p = 0.01), and significantly lower ocular surface disease index and conjunctival staining scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions Addition of rebamipide eyedrops to the conventional treatment of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome accompanied by MGD effectively improves dry eye symptoms and the ocular surface parameters.

BACKGROUND: The spinal administration of neostigmine has been shown to produce analgesia, but this analgesia is limited by adverse effects. This study was designed to determine whether intra-articular neostigmine results in an analgesic effect in a rat inflamed knee joint model, and to investigate the possible involvement of nitric oxide in neostigmine-induced analgesia. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups; control group, neostigmine group (1, 3, 10micro gram), and L-NAME group (neostigmine 1, 3, 10micro gram + L-NAME 500micro gram). Inflammation was induced by injecting 2% carageenan into the right knee joint. Intraarticular drugs were injected at an hour after the injection of carageenan. Effects of these drugs were assessed before and at 4, 8, 12, 24, 60, and 120 hours after inflammation using a Dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the neostigmine 3, and 10micro gram group and the control group. There were no significant differences between the neostigmine group and the L-NAME group except for in the neostigmine 10micro gram L-NAME group at 24 hours. There were no significant differences between the neostigmine 3micro gram L-NAME group and the control group. This result shows that injection of L-NAME partially reverses the anlgesic effects of the neostigmine. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-articular neostigmine results in an analgesic effect at the site of inflammation. Although this study could not prove the involvement of nitric oxide in the peripheral analgesic effect of neostigmine, it demonstrates the possible involvement of nitric oxide in neostigmine-induced analgesia.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Arthritis* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Neostigmine* ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester* ; Nitric Oxide ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND/AIMS: pH monitoring of the esophagus has been considered as the gold standard for the measurement of acid reflux. However, it has several limitations related to its inability to detect nonacid reflux. We conducted this study to characterize the proportion of acid and non-acid reflux events in children using pH-multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) monitoring and to determine the correlation of the symptom index with non-acid and acid reflux events. METHOS: Seventy-five children, aged from 9 days to 12 years, underwent 24 hour pH-MII monitoring at Asan Medical Center from March 2006 to June 2007. We investigated the underlying disease and main problems related to gastroesophageal reflux (GER) of the patients, the number of acid and nonacid reflux, symptom index, symptom sensitivity index in pH monitoring only and pH-MII monitoring. RESULTS: While 2,247 reflux events were detected by MII, and only 967 reflux events were detected by pH probe alone. The percentage of acid reflux was 43% (967) and that of non-acid was 57% (1,280). The non-acid reflux increased at postprandial time (p<0.001). The symptom index increased when measured by pH-MII (31.1%) compared with those by pH probe alone (8.2%) (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that significant number of GER include non-acid reflux which cannot be detected by pH probe alone, therefore combining pH with MII monitoring is a valuable diagnostic tool for diagnosing GER in children.
Chi-Square Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electric Impedance ; *Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Gastric Acidity Determination ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors