No abstract available.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis* ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mice*

A case of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMT) developed after radiation therapy for a uterine cervix cancer is described. The patient was a 62-year-old female at the time of diagnosis of stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and a total of 12,000 rads of x-ray was administered on the pelvic area. Five years later she manifested vaginal spotting and rectal pain. Endometial curettage and biopsy revealed carcinosarcoma. Radical hysterectomy was done and a 5x3x2 cm sized polypoid mass was noted in the uterine cavity. Microscopically, the tumor showed intimate admixture of adenocarcinomatous and sarcomatous areas. The sarcomatous stroma was composed of compactly arranged atypical spindle cells with frequent mitoses, merging into a loosely textured reticular areas and abundant amount of heterologous elements such as skeletal muscle and cartilage. The rhabdomyosarcomatous element was confirmed by PTAH staining and immunohistochemical staining for myoglobin and desmin. Multiple metastases to the liver, lung, and lymph nodes appeared within one year of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In spite of palliative radiotherapy, she expired one month later.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy*

Oxyphilic clear cell carcinoma of the ovary is a variant of clear cell carcinoma with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm described by Young & Scully in 1987. Thorough samplin is needed to identify typical foci of clear cell carcinoma for the differential diagnoses from a variety of ovarian tumors with oxyphilic cells. We report a case of oxyphilic clear cell carcinoma in a 65-year-old female patient who presented with vaginal spotting and lower abdominal discomfort. The excised mass was a 10x8x7cm sized, well circumscribe yellowish white solid ovarian tumor. Microscopically, the tumor showed glandular, papillary and alveolar growth patterns composed of cuboidal or hobnail-shaped oxyphilic cells.
Female ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential

BACKGROUND/AIMS: pH monitoring of the esophagus has been considered as the gold standard for the measurement of acid reflux. However, it has several limitations related to its inability to detect nonacid reflux. We conducted this study to characterize the proportion of acid and non-acid reflux events in children using pH-multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) monitoring and to determine the correlation of the symptom index with non-acid and acid reflux events. METHOS: Seventy-five children, aged from 9 days to 12 years, underwent 24 hour pH-MII monitoring at Asan Medical Center from March 2006 to June 2007. We investigated the underlying disease and main problems related to gastroesophageal reflux (GER) of the patients, the number of acid and nonacid reflux, symptom index, symptom sensitivity index in pH monitoring only and pH-MII monitoring. RESULTS: While 2,247 reflux events were detected by MII, and only 967 reflux events were detected by pH probe alone. The percentage of acid reflux was 43% (967) and that of non-acid was 57% (1,280). The non-acid reflux increased at postprandial time (p<0.001). The symptom index increased when measured by pH-MII (31.1%) compared with those by pH probe alone (8.2%) (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that significant number of GER include non-acid reflux which cannot be detected by pH probe alone, therefore combining pH with MII monitoring is a valuable diagnostic tool for diagnosing GER in children.
Chi-Square Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electric Impedance ; *Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Gastric Acidity Determination ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) is a homodimeric selenoenzyme catalyzing thioredoxin (Trx) in an NADPHdependent manner. With regard to carcinogenesis, these redox proteins have been implicated in cell proliferation, transformation and anti-apoptosis. In the present study, using a hamster cholangiocarcinoma (ChC) model, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of TrxR in precancerous lesions and ChCs as well as in normal bile ducts. The goal of this study was to determine the potential role and importance of TrxR in cholangiocarcinogenesis. For the ChC model, we obtained liver tissue specimens with dysplastic bile ducts prior to the development of ChC 8 weeks after initiation of the experiment and ChC samples at 27 weeks. The immunohistochemical analysis showed diffuse cytoplasmic overexpression of TrxR in the dysplastic bile duct epithelial cells as well as in cholangiocarcinoma; this was comparable to the negative or weakly positive in normal and type 1 hyperplastic bile ducts. However, TrxR appeared to be considerably down-regulated in the ChCs when compared to the higher expression observed in the dysplastic bile ducts. Therefore, these results suggest that TrxR overexpression followed by down-regulation might be an important event in cholangiocarcinogenesis, especially at early stages including the cellular transformation of candidate bile ducts. Further studies are however required to determine whether TrxR may be a potential target molecule for chemoprevention against cholangiocarcinogenesis. In addition, the molecular mechanism as well as the importance of the loss of TrxR in the development of cholangiocarcinoma, following dysplastic transformation of bile duct cells, also remains to be clarified.
Animals ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/*enzymology/pathology ; Bile Ducts/enzymology/pathology ; Cholangiocarcinoma/*enzymology/pathology ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mesocricetus ; Precancerous Conditions/*enzymology/pathology ; Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH)/*biosynthesis

Deranged expression of cell cycle modulators has been reported to contribute to the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their expression patterns remain poorly understood in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC, which constitutes about 65-70% of HCC in Korea. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expressions of G1-S modulators in HBV-related HCCs and dysplastic nodules (DNs), and to correlate with the histopathologic features of HCCs. Immunohistochemical expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p53, p27, p21, p16, Rb, and PCNA proteins were investigated in 80 HCCs and 22 DNs. Cyclin D1 overexpression showed positive relationships with advanced tumor stage, poor differentiation, larger tumor size, microvascular invasion, intrahepatic meta-stasis, no tumor capsule formation, infiltrative growth, aberrant p53 expression, and high PCNA labeling index (LI) of HCC (p<0.05). Aberrant p53 expression showed positive relationship with poor differentiation of HCC (p<0.01). Expression of cyclin D1 or p53 was not observed in DNs. The p27 LI and p16 LI were lower in HCCs with intrahepatic metastasis (p<0.05). Cyclin D1 overexpression and aberrant p53 expression could be associated with the progression of HBV-related HCC, and might have a less crucial role in the DN-HCC sequence. In addition, elevated expression of p27 and p16 proteins might have inhibitory action to the intrahepatic metastasis of HBV-related HCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemistry/etiology/*pathology ; Cyclin D1/*analysis ; Female ; G1 Phase ; Hepatitis B/*complications ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms/chemistry/etiology/*pathology ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins/analysis ; Middle Age ; Precancerous Conditions/*virology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/analysis ; Protein p16/analysis ; Protein p53/*analysis ; Retinoblastoma Protein/analysis ; S Phase

No abstract available.
Myxoma* ; Perineum*

The clinicopathologic features of a Korean patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(ATLL) are presented. A 51-year-old man, who has lived in Korea since birth, had multiple cutaneous nodules and multiple lymphadenopathy for the previous two months. A histopathologic study of the lymph node and skin lesion revealed T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of pleomorphic type, medium and large cell type. Peripheral blood examination showed leukemic features with 30% of abnormal lymphoid cells. HTLV-I proviral DNA pX region was detected in the DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) and the specific gag, pol, and env HTLV-I sequences were detected in the lymph node using polymerase chain reaction technique. Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma type I(HTLV-I) antibodies were present in the serum. An immunophenotypic study of the lymph node revealed CD4 positive and CD8 negative helper/inducer T cell type surface markers. This case is the acute type, i.e. prototypic ATLL. He was treated with an intensive chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. Despite initial transient improvement, the tumor progressed after three cycles of the regimen and became refractory to further chemotherapy. These clinicopathologic findings, including the immunophenotypic analysis, established with certainty the diagnosis of HTLV-I-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Case Report ; Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage ; DNA, Viral/blood ; Doxorubicin/administration & dosage ; Etoposide/administration & dosage ; Human ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/isolation & purification ; Immunophenotyping ; Korea/epidemiology ; Leukemia-Lymphoma, T-Cell, Acute, HTLV-I-Associated/drug therapy/epidemiology/pathology/virology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Prednisone/administration & dosage ; Proviruses/isolation & purification ; Tumor Stem Cells/chemistry/pathology ; Vincristine/administration & dosage

BACKGROUND: The spinal administration of neostigmine has been shown to produce analgesia, but this analgesia is limited by adverse effects. This study was designed to determine whether intra-articular neostigmine results in an analgesic effect in a rat inflamed knee joint model, and to investigate the possible involvement of nitric oxide in neostigmine-induced analgesia. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups; control group, neostigmine group (1, 3, 10micro gram), and L-NAME group (neostigmine 1, 3, 10micro gram + L-NAME 500micro gram). Inflammation was induced by injecting 2% carageenan into the right knee joint. Intraarticular drugs were injected at an hour after the injection of carageenan. Effects of these drugs were assessed before and at 4, 8, 12, 24, 60, and 120 hours after inflammation using a Dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the neostigmine 3, and 10micro gram group and the control group. There were no significant differences between the neostigmine group and the L-NAME group except for in the neostigmine 10micro gram L-NAME group at 24 hours. There were no significant differences between the neostigmine 3micro gram L-NAME group and the control group. This result shows that injection of L-NAME partially reverses the anlgesic effects of the neostigmine. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-articular neostigmine results in an analgesic effect at the site of inflammation. Although this study could not prove the involvement of nitric oxide in the peripheral analgesic effect of neostigmine, it demonstrates the possible involvement of nitric oxide in neostigmine-induced analgesia.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Arthritis* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Neostigmine* ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester* ; Nitric Oxide ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley