BACKGROUND/AIMS: Diabetic cystopathy is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. This study assessed the association between the post-voiding residual (PVR) urine volume and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetics with no voiding symptoms. METHODS: This study investigated 42 patients with type 2 diabetes who were followed regularly at our outpatient clinic between July 1, 2008 and June 30, 2009. No patient had voiding problems or International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSSs) > or = 12. An urologist performed the urological evaluations and the PVR was measured using a bladder scan. A PVR > 50 mL on two consecutive voids was considered abnormal, which was the primary study outcome. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 60 +/- 10 years; the IPSS score was 3.7 +/- 3.3; and the diabetes duration was 11.9 +/- 7.8 years. Seven of the 42 patients (16.7%) had a PVR > 50 mL. The presence of overt proteinuria or microalbuminuria was associated with an increased risk of a PVR > 50 mL (p < 0.01). Patients with a PVR > 50 mL had a significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared with those with a PVR < or = 50 mL (59.2 +/- 27.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 28.7 +/- 23.3 mL/min/1.73 m2; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that a lower eGFR (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.99; p = 0.04) was a significant risk factor for a PVR > 50 mL. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetic nephropathy had a significantly higher PVR and a lower eGFR was associated with an abnormal PVR.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/diagnosis ; Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology ; Female ; *Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney/*physiopathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; *Urodynamics

BACKGROUND: Since its reemergence in 1993, a number of cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria have been reported in Korea. We analyzed the cases of malaria patients living in Chuncheon and its neighboring communities, to characterize its clinical manifestations and laboratory findings, and to identify any differences between our clinical findings and those of previous studies. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of cases that were confirmed as malaria by peripheral blood smear at Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital from July 1998 to September 2001. RESULTS: Forty-four cases were included in the study. All patients were infected with Plasmodium vivax, and presented with high fever; however, tertian fever developed in only 15 patients (35.7%). A number of cases showed various symptoms, which included headache, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Of the 44 cases identified, 41 (93.2%) developed malaria between June and September. Thrombocytopenia was a prominent finding in 75% of the cases at diagnosis, but resolved during or after therapy. Other laboratory abnormalities such as, anemia, elevated transamines, coagulopathies, and elevated lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) were also noted. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies were performed in five cases, one of which showed pleocytosis in the CSF. CONCLUSION: We noted only 15 patients (35.7%) with tertian fever; the other patients showed variable fever patterns. Thrombocytopenia was the most prominent laboratory finding. Therefore, we suggest that malaria should be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile diseases with an onset between June to and September, regardless of the pattern of the fever.
Adult ; Animals ; Comparative Study ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Human ; Malaria/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/*diagnosis/*microbiology ; Male ; Plasmodium vivax/*isolation & purification ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Since Plasmodium vivax malaria reemerged in Korea in 1993, a number of patients with malaria have been reported. We analyzed the cases with malaria who lived in Chuncheon and neighboring communities to find out clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and the differences in clinical findings compared to previous studies. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of the cases who were confirmed as malaria by peripheral blood smear in Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital from July, 1998 to Octorber, 2001. RESULTS: Forty-four cases were included. All cases were Plasmodium vivax with high fever, but tertian fever developed only in 15 patients (35.7%). A number of cases showed various symptoms including headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting. Of the all cases, 41 cases (93.2%) developed malaria between June and September. Thrombocytopenia was prominent finding which was noted in 75% of the cases at diagnosis, and recovered during or after treatment. Other laboratory abnormalities such as anemia, elevated transaminases, coagulopathies, and elevated LDH level were also noted. Five patients were performed CSF studies, one patient showed pleocytosis in CSF. CONCLUSION: We observed that only 15 patients (35.7%) had tertian fever, the others had variable fever patterns. Thrombocytopenia was the prominent findings. Therefore we suggest that malaria should be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile diseases which developed from June to September regardless of the fever patterns.
Abdominal Pain ; Anemia ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fever ; Gangwon-do ; Headache ; Heart ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocytosis ; Malaria ; Malaria, Vivax* ; Nausea ; Plasmodium vivax* ; Plasmodium* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Transaminases ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Nonspecific elevations of CK-MB, cTnT have been well known in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) on maintenance hemodialysis. It has been suggested that recently developed cTnI seldom shows nonspecific elevations in these patients. Status of CRF patients can be divided into three groups: predialysis group, hemodialysis group and peritoneal dialysis group. Until now, most researchers have studied CK-MB, cTnT and cTnI only in CRF patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. No previous studies have ever compared the differences of the nonspecific positivity of CK-MB, cTnT and cTnI according to the different status of CRF patients. METHODS: Nonspecific positive ratios of cTnI, cTnT, & CK-MB in were evaluated 20 predialysis patients, 13 CAPD patients and 20 hemodialysis patients. No one had had any evidence of myocardial ischemia during the previous 3 months before the study entry. The predialysis group was again divided into two groups according to the cut off level of serum creatinine of 3.0 mg/dl. Authors also compared the nonspecific positive ratios of cTnI, cTnT, CK-MB between diabetic CRF group and non diabetic CRF group. The sensitivity, specificity and false positive ratios of each enzymes were examined on and 6 hours after arrival in 21 CRF patients who visited the emergency room with the complaint of chest pain. RESULTS: 1) There were no nonspecific significant elevations of cTnI in CRF patients regardless of the status of CRF. But there were significant nonspecific elevations of CK-MB, cTnT in them. It was more marked in cTnT especially with the cut-off value of 0.1 ng/ml. 2) Nonspecific positive ratios of cTnT was significantly increased in diabetic CRF patients. 3) The sensitivity and specificity of cTnI were 100% and 93.3% each, which were significantly higher than those of CK-MB(83.3%, 66.7%) & cTnT(66.7%, 53.3%). CONCLUSION: In CRF patients, the nonspecific positive ratios of CK-MB, cTnT were higher than that of cTnI, and only cTnI did show significant specific elevations in all the CRF patients with acute myocardial infarction. It is likely that the status of CRF patients, dialysis mode, the sampling time point would not give significant changes in the nonspecific positive ratios of CK-MB, cTnT and cTnI.
Chest Pain ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Renal Dialysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Calciphylaxis is a rare but life-threatening complication in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Clinical presentation consists of violaceous skin lesions that progress to nonhealing ulcers and gangrene. Secondary infection of skin lesions is common, often leading to sepsis and death. We report a case presenting in 15months after maintenance hemodialysis for diabetic ESRD with painful violaceous skin discoloration on distal fingers of both hands and toes of left foot. X-ray of both hands and left foot showed vascular calcification along the course of the arteries. Despite symptomatic treatement, skin lesions progressed to nonhealing ulcers and became necrotic, and amputation of the second and fifth fingers of right hand was required. The surgical biopsy specimen revealed circumferential calcium deposition in the intima and media of the arteries by von Kossa stain. Two months after the operation, the patient died of cachexia.
Amputation ; Arteries ; Biopsy ; Cachexia ; Calciphylaxis* ; Calcium ; Coinfection ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fingers ; Foot ; Gangrene ; Hand ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Renal Dialysis ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Toes ; Ulcer ; Vascular Calcification