No abstract available.
Hydranencephaly*

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of personal characteristics and metamemory on the older adults' memory performances and the effects of some factors on metamemory. The subjects of the study consisted of 102 old adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Based on contextual perspectives of the memory-aging theory and the previous foreign researches on memory, some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory(MIA questionnaire by Dixon, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). The other data were collected by the testing method on the memory performance such as the immeadiate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998),and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The level of metamemory is 3.4 points in the 5 point scale, the grades of the task and the achievement are relatively high and the grades of the change, the control, and the strategy are relatively low in the sub-concepts. 2. The significant variables to predict old adults' metamemory are depression level, age, sex, educational attainment and religious activity. 3. The strong variables to predict memory performances are memory knowledge, memory self-efficacy, age, religious activity. 4. The strategy, the achievement, the locus, and the change concept of the metamemory have high correlations with the immediate recall task, the delayed recall task, and the word recognition task. In conclusion, the enhancement strategies of metamemory and the support of social activities are independent fields for nursing intervention. Ultimately in this respect nurses' roles are very important in developing and performing some intervention programs for old adults' memory improvement, which have significant meanings in the field of nursing science.
Adult ; Depression ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Memory* ; Memory, Short-Term ; Nursing ; Verbal Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of depression on older adults' metamemory and memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 103 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Hultsch, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). Other data were collected by a testing method on the memory performance, such as the immediate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The average point of depressed older persons' metamemory is 3.2 on a 5 point scale and was significantly lower than nondepressed older persons' point of 3.6. Looking into each sub-concept of metamemory, depressed persons' points are higher in terms of task(4.1), but are lower in terms of change(2.3), locus(2.6), and strategy(2.9) in comparison with nondepressed persons' points. 2)Depressed older persons' memory performances are all significantly lower than nondepressed person's, especially in terms of face recognition task(t=7.26, p<.0082) and word recognition task(t=6.58, p<.01). 3) In both depressed and nondepressed persons, metamemory has a close correlation with all memory tasks. In particular, depressed older persons' correlation is higher across the board, especially in memory self-efficacy of metamemory(r=.36 - .49) in comparison with nondepressed persons. 4) According to the results of analysis on the relations between metamemory and memory performances of each memory task using canonical analysis, in the case of depressed older persons, strategy, locus, capability and task have high correlation with word recognition task and delayed word recall task. Also in the case of nondepressed persons, achievement, strategy, change and locus variable have high correlation with face recognition task and immediate word recall task. As mentioned above, depression variables have a negative effect on older persons' metamemory and memory performance. In conclusion, when we care for depressed older persons with less memory ability, we have to consider the outcomes of this study are relevant. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention in order to prevent memory loss and improve memory performance in depressed older persons.
Adult ; Depression* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Memory Disorders ; Memory* ; Nursing ; Verbal Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Ganglia are ubiquitous but periosteal ganglion is rare. This case is presented showing an unusual radiological picture. The radiological picture with honey combed appearance is striking. Previaus reports have stressed the concavity in the cortex. Histologically the structure is identical to that of soft tissue ganglia.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts ; Honey ; Strikes, Employee

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment among staff of special department nurses. Methods: Participants in this study were nurses working in the emergency, operating and intensive care units of five general hospitals in B city. Data were collected from Aug. 6 to Sep. 14, 2018. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multi-group path-analysis. Results: The organizational commitment showed a negative correlation with violence experience (r=-28, p<.001) and a positive correlation with supervisor's support (r=.27, p<.001). There was a negative correlation (r=-.37, p<.001) between violence experience and supervisor's support. As a result of verifying the moderating effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment, there was no significant difference in the path between the high and low supervisor's support groups (∆x 2 =1.07, p=.300). Conclusion There was no buffering effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment of nurses in special departments. Further research is needed to explore variables that show a moderating effect on the relationship between violence experience and organizational commitment.

Small cell carcinoma of the kidney is very rare, but lethal due to early metastasis and rapid progression. We report a case of the primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney with large rena1 calculus resulting in spontaneous rupture of the kidney, and was managed by total nephrectomy and evacuation of retroperitoneal hematoma and calculus. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the positive staining for cytokeratin and neuron-specific enolase, and dense-core neurosecretory granules were identified in the cytoplasm by electron microscopy. This report is the first case of the primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney resulting in spontaneous rupture of the kidney.
Calculi ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Cytoplasm ; Hematoma ; Keratins ; Kidney* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Rupture, Spontaneous*

To evaluate the antioxidative effect of maengjong-juk (Phyllostachys pubescens) extract coated rice in vivo system, maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets were fed to C57BL/6 mice for 16 weeks. Plasma total antioxidative capacity, hepatic lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activities of antioxidative enzymes and total glutathione content were measured. Plasma total antioxidative capacity was elevated significantly in maengjong-juk extract diets supplemented group in a dose dependant manner. Hepatic TBARS contents were significantly decreased in maengjong-juk extract diets supplemented group compared to high cholesterol group. Maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets suppressed the protein oxidation significantly in liver. Activities of hepatic antioxidative enzymes such as total SOD, Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-Px and catalase activities of maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets were significantly higher than those of high cholesterol diet. Total hepatic glutathione content was significantly increased by maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets administration. According to this study, numerous antioxidative materials and phytochemicals containing in maengjong- juk extracts appear to protect antioxidative systems in C57BL/6 mice fed bamboo extract coated rice diet.
Animals ; Catalase ; Cholesterol ; Diet* ; Diet, Atherogenic* ; Glutathione ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Mice* ; Phytochemicals ; Plasma ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

Our purpose was to study the correlation between elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein(MSAFP) or human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) levels and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia, preterm delivery. MSAFP and HCG levels were measured in stored second-trimester(14~22 weeks) serum obtained from 510 women. The criteria for patients with unexplained MSAFP elevations were a MSAFP level 2.5 or greater multiples of the median(MoM) and HCG elevations were a HCG level 2.0 or greater multiples of the median(MoM) excluding multiple pregnancy, fetal malformation or death on ultra-sonography and molar pregnancy. In contrast, patients with MSAFP levels 0.5 to < 2.5 MoM, HCG levels < 2.0 MoM were served as controls. Women with elevated HCG levels had more significant association with PIH than control group(22.2 % versus 3.4 % ; p < .005). Elevated MSAFP was significantly associated with preeclampsia(7.7 % versus 1.1 % ; p < .05). But no significant differences were observed in the incidence of preterm delivery. We suggested elevated second-trimester MSAFP or HCG levels appear to be correlated with high risk for PIH and preeclampsia. So, These patients require careful monitoring with adequate obstetric managements.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Chorion ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Humans* ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Incidence ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple

Inflammatory pseudotumor, also known as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and plasma cell granuloma, is an uncommon low-grade lesion composed of spindle cells admixed with mature plasma cells and other inflammatory cells, such as histiocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Here, we describe the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings of a case of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the breast in a 60-year-old woman. With the suspicion of malignancy, core needle biopsy and surgical excision confirmed the mass as being an inflammatory pseudotumor of the breast.
Biopsy ; Breast Diseases/pathology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell/pathology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Humans ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

BACKGROUNDS: Epidural anesthesia before surgical stimulus may reduce or prevent subsequent pain by preemptive analgesia. We studied the effect of varied concentration of a local anesthetic agent administered through epidural catheter before operation on preemptive analgesia after an abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: Fourty-five patients scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy were blindly randomized to receive 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (group I), 0.25% bupivacaine (group II) or saline (group III) respectively before induction of anesthesia. For postoperative pain control all patients received the same analgesic regimen which was 10 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine and buprenorphine 0.15 mg after resection of the uterus. Then the epidural catheter was connected with infusion pump containing 100 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine and buprenorphine 0.45 mg. Its infusion rate was 2 ml/hour. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (0 = no pain to 10 = intolerable pain) on rest, motion, cough and verbal rating scale at 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hour after operation. Side effects were recorded at the same time intervals. RESULTS: Using the ANOVA on ranksum test, pain scores 1 hour after operation differed between groups I and III (P<0.05). In VAS in motion, the pain scores 24 hours after operation differed between groups I and III (P<0.05). In VRS, the pain scores 3 hours after operation differed between groups II and III (P<0.05), and those 24 hours after operation differed between groups I and III (P< 0.05). The incidence of motor weakness using Chi-square test in group I differed from groups II, III (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among the 45 patients who had a postoperative pain control after abdominal hysterectomy with initial bolus injection and then continuous infusion of epidural bupivacaine and buprenorphine, postoperative pain scores of patients who had preoperative epidural injection of 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (n = 15) were lower than those of saline injected patients (n = 15), but those of patients with a preoperative epidural injection of 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine (n = 15) were not lower than those of saline injected patients.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Bupivacaine* ; Buprenorphine ; Catheters ; Cough ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Injections, Epidural ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Uterus