No abstract available.
Hydranencephaly*

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of depression on older adults' metamemory and memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 103 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Hultsch, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). Other data were collected by a testing method on the memory performance, such as the immediate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The average point of depressed older persons' metamemory is 3.2 on a 5 point scale and was significantly lower than nondepressed older persons' point of 3.6. Looking into each sub-concept of metamemory, depressed persons' points are higher in terms of task(4.1), but are lower in terms of change(2.3), locus(2.6), and strategy(2.9) in comparison with nondepressed persons' points. 2)Depressed older persons' memory performances are all significantly lower than nondepressed person's, especially in terms of face recognition task(t=7.26, p<.0082) and word recognition task(t=6.58, p<.01). 3) In both depressed and nondepressed persons, metamemory has a close correlation with all memory tasks. In particular, depressed older persons' correlation is higher across the board, especially in memory self-efficacy of metamemory(r=.36 - .49) in comparison with nondepressed persons. 4) According to the results of analysis on the relations between metamemory and memory performances of each memory task using canonical analysis, in the case of depressed older persons, strategy, locus, capability and task have high correlation with word recognition task and delayed word recall task. Also in the case of nondepressed persons, achievement, strategy, change and locus variable have high correlation with face recognition task and immediate word recall task. As mentioned above, depression variables have a negative effect on older persons' metamemory and memory performance. In conclusion, when we care for depressed older persons with less memory ability, we have to consider the outcomes of this study are relevant. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention in order to prevent memory loss and improve memory performance in depressed older persons.
Adult ; Depression* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Memory Disorders ; Memory* ; Nursing ; Verbal Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of personal characteristics and metamemory on the older adults' memory performances and the effects of some factors on metamemory. The subjects of the study consisted of 102 old adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Based on contextual perspectives of the memory-aging theory and the previous foreign researches on memory, some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory(MIA questionnaire by Dixon, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). The other data were collected by the testing method on the memory performance such as the immeadiate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998),and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The level of metamemory is 3.4 points in the 5 point scale, the grades of the task and the achievement are relatively high and the grades of the change, the control, and the strategy are relatively low in the sub-concepts. 2. The significant variables to predict old adults' metamemory are depression level, age, sex, educational attainment and religious activity. 3. The strong variables to predict memory performances are memory knowledge, memory self-efficacy, age, religious activity. 4. The strategy, the achievement, the locus, and the change concept of the metamemory have high correlations with the immediate recall task, the delayed recall task, and the word recognition task. In conclusion, the enhancement strategies of metamemory and the support of social activities are independent fields for nursing intervention. Ultimately in this respect nurses' roles are very important in developing and performing some intervention programs for old adults' memory improvement, which have significant meanings in the field of nursing science.
Adult ; Depression ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Memory* ; Memory, Short-Term ; Nursing ; Verbal Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Ganglia are ubiquitous but periosteal ganglion is rare. This case is presented showing an unusual radiological picture. The radiological picture with honey combed appearance is striking. Previaus reports have stressed the concavity in the cortex. Histologically the structure is identical to that of soft tissue ganglia.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts ; Honey ; Strikes, Employee

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment among staff of special department nurses. Methods: Participants in this study were nurses working in the emergency, operating and intensive care units of five general hospitals in B city. Data were collected from Aug. 6 to Sep. 14, 2018. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multi-group path-analysis. Results: The organizational commitment showed a negative correlation with violence experience (r=-28, p<.001) and a positive correlation with supervisor's support (r=.27, p<.001). There was a negative correlation (r=-.37, p<.001) between violence experience and supervisor's support. As a result of verifying the moderating effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment, there was no significant difference in the path between the high and low supervisor's support groups (∆x 2 =1.07, p=.300). Conclusion There was no buffering effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment of nurses in special departments. Further research is needed to explore variables that show a moderating effect on the relationship between violence experience and organizational commitment.

Small cell carcinoma of the kidney is very rare, but lethal due to early metastasis and rapid progression. We report a case of the primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney with large rena1 calculus resulting in spontaneous rupture of the kidney, and was managed by total nephrectomy and evacuation of retroperitoneal hematoma and calculus. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the positive staining for cytokeratin and neuron-specific enolase, and dense-core neurosecretory granules were identified in the cytoplasm by electron microscopy. This report is the first case of the primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney resulting in spontaneous rupture of the kidney.
Calculi ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Cytoplasm ; Hematoma ; Keratins ; Kidney* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Rupture, Spontaneous*

PURPOSE: We investigated the efficacy of in vitro transduction of neuro 2a cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene followed by assay of IL-2 and administration of the antiviral drug ganciclovir (GCV). METHPDS: The LNC/IL-2/IRES/HSVtk vectors were transferred in vitro into the murine neuro 2a-cell lines and the transduced cell lines were selected in G-418, 500 mug/mL, for 14 days. The neuro-2a cells transduced with 1x10(6) LNC/IL-2/IRES/HSVtk vector (neuro- 2a/IL-2 /HSVtk) were cultured in 6 well culture plates for 24 hours and we measured IL-2 concentrations of 1 x10(5) neuro-2a/IL-2/HSVtk by ELISA method. And also, 1x10(5) neuro- 2a/IL-2/HSVtk were cultured in 96 well culture plates in 10 mug/mL concentrations of GCV for 72 hours and then we measured the surviving cells 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after GCV administration. RESULTS: We selected 5 colonies of the neuro-2a/IL-2/HSVtk and expanded in G-418 contained media. The IL-2 concentration of the neuro-2a/ IL-2/HSVtk was from 78.0+/-8.7 IU/day to 92.1+/-7.5 IU/day. The cell numbers of neuro-2a/IL-2/HSVtk survived after GCV administration were 3.7+/-1.5x10(2), 4.4+/-0.4x10(3), 5.0+/-1.0x10(2), 1.0+/-0.2x10(4), and 1.5+/-0.5x10(2), respectively. And the cell numbers of LNCX transduced neuro-2a cells survived were 7.5+/-0.5x10(5). CONCLUSION: In vitro transduction of neuro-2a cells with the LNC/IL-2/IRES/HSVtk vector expressed effectively IL-2 and HSVtk gene simultaneously.
Cell Count ; Cell Line* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ganciclovir ; Gene Expression* ; Herpes Simplex ; Interleukin-2 ; Neuroblastoma* ; Phosphotransferases ; Retroviridae

Hepatoma is one of the frequent cancers in Korea with an extremely poor prognosis. The prognostic factors in hepatoma are presence of venous invasion, multiplicity, size, and curative resection, but all things about prognosis are not elucidated yet. DNA ploidy pattern is one of the possible prognostic factors in HCC. Moreover, the study on DNA ploidy in Korean HCC is very scarce, so we studied DNA ploidy pattern in Korean HCC patients. We used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from resected hepatoma specimens and the DNA ploidy was analysed with a flow cytometry system. Of the total 40 cases studied, 27 cases(67.5%) showed evaluable Coefficient of Variation(CV) level(less than 10). Among them 13 cases(48.1%) had an aneuploidy pattern. There were significant correlations between DNA ploidy and tumor size, presence of portal thrombi and TNM stage, although other conventional clinicopathologic prognostic factors did not show any significant correlation with DNA ploidy. In cases of tumors larger than 5 cm or presence of portal vein invasion, aneuploidy pattern was more frequently detected(p<0.05). But the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy pattern was not detected in resected hepatoma patients(p>0.1). Because of some limitation of paraffin-embedded tissue in flowcytometric analysis and heterogeneity of DNA ploidy pattern in HCC, we think that we should study multiple fresh samples in a prospective manner.
Aneuploidy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Korea ; Ploidies* ; Population Characteristics ; Portal Vein ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: Focal brain ischemia induced in rats by occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a widely used paradigm of human brain infarct. The purpose of this study is to establish chronic stroke model by MCA occlusion using intraluminal filament in rats. METHOD: A total 44 rats were operated by modified Longa's method. The surgical procedure consisted of introducing an intraluminal filament into the internal carotid artery and advancing it intracranially to block blood flow for 60 minutes into MCA. After this procedure motor and postural change were assessed using a 0~5 point grading scale consisted of forelimb, hindlimb and circling test. Behavioral tests such as rotarod, stepping and cylinder tests were examined in the survived rats after MCA occlusion up to 14 weeks post-ischemia. Autopsy was done to evaluate the cerebral infarct volume. RESULTS: Thirteen rats were survived up to 14 weeks post-ischemia and for the severely paralyzed subjects by acute neurological severity scoring were examined with behavioral tests once a week for 14 weeks. Although rotarod test have not shown any specific changes during 14 weeks, stepping and cylinder tests have shown stabilizing pattern since 4 weeks after the procedure. CONCLUSION: MCA occlusion using intraluminal filament could be reliable method to make stroke model in rats. We concluded that 4 weeks post-ischemia by this method in rats might be regarded as chronic model.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Forelimb ; Hindlimb ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Rats ; Rotarod Performance Test ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis viral markers and ALT levels were evaluated in 190,679 blood donors to infer correlation between positive and control groups. The positive rate of anti-HBc was also observed in HBsAg and anti-HBs negative donors to know necessity about adding the item to the donor screening test. METHODS: The viral markers were tested by EIA method and ALT test was carried by auto-chemistry analyzer. Anti-HCV ELISA positive samples were confirmed by immunoblot assay. RESULTS: The rate of HBsAg(+) was 3.01% and that of anti-HCV was 0.54% of blood donors. The rate of HBsAg(+) and anti-HCV(+) was 0.01% of blood donors. Average ALT level of anti-HCV(+) (immunoblot assay) group was significantly higher than that of the control group. (p<0.001). The positive rate of anti-HCV in confirmatory test (immunoblot assay) was 15.76%. The proportion of donors who were HBsAg(-) and anti-HBs(-) and anti-HBc(+) was 1.87% in 1500 blood donors. CONCLUSION: The average ALT levels seem to be not correlated with viral hepatitis marker positivity except anti-HCV immunoblot assay positivity. It is suggested that anti-HBc and anti-HBs test should be added to screening test for donors and recipients to prevent post transfusional hepatitis.
Biomarkers ; Blood Donors ; Donor Selection ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Tissue Donors*