No abstract available.
Hydranencephaly*

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of personal characteristics and metamemory on the older adults' memory performances and the effects of some factors on metamemory. The subjects of the study consisted of 102 old adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Based on contextual perspectives of the memory-aging theory and the previous foreign researches on memory, some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory(MIA questionnaire by Dixon, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). The other data were collected by the testing method on the memory performance such as the immeadiate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998),and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The level of metamemory is 3.4 points in the 5 point scale, the grades of the task and the achievement are relatively high and the grades of the change, the control, and the strategy are relatively low in the sub-concepts. 2. The significant variables to predict old adults' metamemory are depression level, age, sex, educational attainment and religious activity. 3. The strong variables to predict memory performances are memory knowledge, memory self-efficacy, age, religious activity. 4. The strategy, the achievement, the locus, and the change concept of the metamemory have high correlations with the immediate recall task, the delayed recall task, and the word recognition task. In conclusion, the enhancement strategies of metamemory and the support of social activities are independent fields for nursing intervention. Ultimately in this respect nurses' roles are very important in developing and performing some intervention programs for old adults' memory improvement, which have significant meanings in the field of nursing science.
Adult ; Depression ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Memory* ; Memory, Short-Term ; Nursing ; Verbal Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of depression on older adults' metamemory and memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 103 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Hultsch, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). Other data were collected by a testing method on the memory performance, such as the immediate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The average point of depressed older persons' metamemory is 3.2 on a 5 point scale and was significantly lower than nondepressed older persons' point of 3.6. Looking into each sub-concept of metamemory, depressed persons' points are higher in terms of task(4.1), but are lower in terms of change(2.3), locus(2.6), and strategy(2.9) in comparison with nondepressed persons' points. 2)Depressed older persons' memory performances are all significantly lower than nondepressed person's, especially in terms of face recognition task(t=7.26, p<.0082) and word recognition task(t=6.58, p<.01). 3) In both depressed and nondepressed persons, metamemory has a close correlation with all memory tasks. In particular, depressed older persons' correlation is higher across the board, especially in memory self-efficacy of metamemory(r=.36 - .49) in comparison with nondepressed persons. 4) According to the results of analysis on the relations between metamemory and memory performances of each memory task using canonical analysis, in the case of depressed older persons, strategy, locus, capability and task have high correlation with word recognition task and delayed word recall task. Also in the case of nondepressed persons, achievement, strategy, change and locus variable have high correlation with face recognition task and immediate word recall task. As mentioned above, depression variables have a negative effect on older persons' metamemory and memory performance. In conclusion, when we care for depressed older persons with less memory ability, we have to consider the outcomes of this study are relevant. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention in order to prevent memory loss and improve memory performance in depressed older persons.
Adult ; Depression* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Memory Disorders ; Memory* ; Nursing ; Verbal Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Ganglia are ubiquitous but periosteal ganglion is rare. This case is presented showing an unusual radiological picture. The radiological picture with honey combed appearance is striking. Previaus reports have stressed the concavity in the cortex. Histologically the structure is identical to that of soft tissue ganglia.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts ; Honey ; Strikes, Employee

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment among staff of special department nurses. Methods: Participants in this study were nurses working in the emergency, operating and intensive care units of five general hospitals in B city. Data were collected from Aug. 6 to Sep. 14, 2018. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multi-group path-analysis. Results: The organizational commitment showed a negative correlation with violence experience (r=-28, p<.001) and a positive correlation with supervisor's support (r=.27, p<.001). There was a negative correlation (r=-.37, p<.001) between violence experience and supervisor's support. As a result of verifying the moderating effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment, there was no significant difference in the path between the high and low supervisor's support groups (∆x 2 =1.07, p=.300). Conclusion There was no buffering effect of supervisor's support in relation to violence experience and organizational commitment of nurses in special departments. Further research is needed to explore variables that show a moderating effect on the relationship between violence experience and organizational commitment.

Small cell carcinoma of the kidney is very rare, but lethal due to early metastasis and rapid progression. We report a case of the primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney with large rena1 calculus resulting in spontaneous rupture of the kidney, and was managed by total nephrectomy and evacuation of retroperitoneal hematoma and calculus. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the positive staining for cytokeratin and neuron-specific enolase, and dense-core neurosecretory granules were identified in the cytoplasm by electron microscopy. This report is the first case of the primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney resulting in spontaneous rupture of the kidney.
Calculi ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Cytoplasm ; Hematoma ; Keratins ; Kidney* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Rupture, Spontaneous*

BACKGROUNDS: Epidural anesthesia before surgical stimulus may reduce or prevent subsequent pain by preemptive analgesia. We studied the effect of varied concentration of a local anesthetic agent administered through epidural catheter before operation on preemptive analgesia after an abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: Fourty-five patients scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy were blindly randomized to receive 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (group I), 0.25% bupivacaine (group II) or saline (group III) respectively before induction of anesthesia. For postoperative pain control all patients received the same analgesic regimen which was 10 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine and buprenorphine 0.15 mg after resection of the uterus. Then the epidural catheter was connected with infusion pump containing 100 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine and buprenorphine 0.45 mg. Its infusion rate was 2 ml/hour. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (0 = no pain to 10 = intolerable pain) on rest, motion, cough and verbal rating scale at 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hour after operation. Side effects were recorded at the same time intervals. RESULTS: Using the ANOVA on ranksum test, pain scores 1 hour after operation differed between groups I and III (P<0.05). In VAS in motion, the pain scores 24 hours after operation differed between groups I and III (P<0.05). In VRS, the pain scores 3 hours after operation differed between groups II and III (P<0.05), and those 24 hours after operation differed between groups I and III (P< 0.05). The incidence of motor weakness using Chi-square test in group I differed from groups II, III (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among the 45 patients who had a postoperative pain control after abdominal hysterectomy with initial bolus injection and then continuous infusion of epidural bupivacaine and buprenorphine, postoperative pain scores of patients who had preoperative epidural injection of 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (n = 15) were lower than those of saline injected patients (n = 15), but those of patients with a preoperative epidural injection of 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine (n = 15) were not lower than those of saline injected patients.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Bupivacaine* ; Buprenorphine ; Catheters ; Cough ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Injections, Epidural ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Uterus

To evaluate the role of serum lipids in the patients with cerebral thrombosis, lipid parameters were compared with a sex- and age - matched healthy control. The cerebral thrombosis group included 61 males (mean age, 61.0) and 32 females (mean age, 66.3). Total cholesterol and total/HDL-cholesterol ratio in the male and female patients were significantly higher than in the control(p<0.001). But triglyceride showed difference only in the male patient group (p<0.05). All parameters did not show any difference between the lacunar and cortical infarctions. The finding in this study support the idea that high serum total cholesterol, low serum HDL-cholesterol and high total / HDL-cholesterol ratio are risk factors for cerebral thrombosis.
Cholesterol ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intracranial Thrombosis* ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of localized resectable genitourinary sarcomas in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September, 1996 and November, 2008, 18 consecutive cases of adults (12 men and 6 women; median age 48.8 years) who were treated for primary genitourinary sarcomas were identified. The following variables were analyzed: patient age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, primary organ, tumor histology, size, necrosis, Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) grade, and surgical margin positivity. Recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival were the study end-points. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptom was a palpable mass (six cases, 33.3%), the most common site was the kidney (six cases, 33.3%), and the most common histological subtype was leiomyosarcoma (eight patients, 44.4%). Complete resection with negative surgical margins was achieved in 13 patients (72.2%). The median follow-up period was 49.9 months (range 6.4 to 147.6). The recurrence-free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81.6%, 66.5%, and 66.5%, respectively. Recurrence-free survival only associated significantly with ASA score (p=0.018). The disease-specific survival rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 88.9%, 76.2%, and 67.7%, respectively. Disease-specific survival was associated significantly only with FNCLCC grade (p=0.042). CONCLUSION: Although genitourinary sarcomas in adults are a rare group of tumors with a poor prognosis, some patients may have a favorable prognosis. Our findings suggest that FNCLCC grade is the most important prognostic factor for these patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea ; Sarcoma/metabolism/pathology/*surgery ; Urogenital Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/*surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of laser-assisted zona thinning (LAZT) at one or four-points on the blastocyst formation and hatching process in mice with respect to female age. METHODS: Eight-cell or morula embryos collected from superovulated C57BL female mice with different ages (6-11 and 28-31 weeks) were treated with LAZT at one-point (LAZT1) or four-points (LAZT4). The zona pellucida was thinned to more than 70% of its initial thickness by making two holes of 15-20 microm. RESULTS: In the young mice, LAZT resulted in a significant increase in early hatching and hatching rates compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, in the old mice, LAZT significantly increased blastocyst formation as well as early hatching and hatching compared to the controls (p<0.05). These effects were more remarkable in LAZT4 than in LAZT1 and in aged mice than in young ones. CONCLUSION: These results show that multi-point LAZT leads to a significant improvement of blastocyst formation and hatching in mice compared to controls.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Mice* ; Morula ; Zona Pellucida