PURPOSE: Chronic prostatitis is a common diagnosis, and the morbidity of this disease results from a constellation of genitourinary symptoms. We surveyed a population of 19 year old Korean men using National I nstitutes of Health Chronic Protatitis symptom Index, evaluated symptomatology associated with chronic prostatitis and gathered epidemiologic data about this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During May 2000, a total of 4339 male residents in the area of Chung-nam including Taejeon city visited the Military Manpower Administered questionnaire. and the impact of symptoms on quality of life. the results were analyzed statistically by PC-SPSS version 7.5. RESULTS: There were statistically significant correlations among every item and domain, respectively by Pearson's correlation analysis (p=0.00). Pain domain significantly contributed to predicting quality of life domain and explained 42% of the variance on quality of life domain (r=0.65,p=0.00). The change in the amount of explained variance was significant when entering urinary symptoms domain (r(2)change=0.19,p=0.00). Overall pain and urinary symptoms domain predicted 61% of the variance in quality of life domain (r=0.78,p=0.00). If a score of 6 in quality of life domain was determined to the cut-off score of the chronic prostatitis, the prevalence of the chronic prostatitis was 3.8%. CONCLUSIONS: the National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis and pain and urinary symptoms significantly contribute towards explaining variances in quality of life. although there data show much less common prevalence than most nonpopulation studies suggest, we suggest that chronic prostatitis is a common disease in Korean men if one consider that our data were surveyed in only 19 year old men.
Daejeon* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prevalence ; Prostatitis* ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Neuroendocrine Cells* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether radial rigidity measured using RigiScan(R) represents the intracorporeal pressure effectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1998 to May 1999, total of 23 patients with erectile dysfunction were evaluated by RigiScan(R) and duplex ultrasonography after the intracorporeal injection of prostaglandin E1. Peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity were measured by duplex ultrasonography and then the resistance index was calculated as (peak systolic velocity-end diastolic velocity)/(peak systolic velocity). Radial rigidity of penile tip and base was measured by RigiScanR . The results were analyzed statistically by PC-SPSS version 7.5. RESULTS: There were statistically significant correlations between radial rigidity of penile tip and base and the resistance index by Spearman's correlation analysis, respectively (r=0.680, p<0.001)(r=0.703, p<0.001). When radial rigidity of penile tip and base exceeded 60% of maximum, radial rigidity of penile tip and base again correlated well with the resistance index, respectively (r=0.659, p=0.020)(r=0.759, p=0.011). Based on clinically determined degree of erection, radial rigidity of penile tip and base represented the intracorporeal pressure effectively. CONCLUSIONS: Radial rigidity measured by RigiScan(R) represents the intracorporeal pressure effectively.
Alprostadil* ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography

Although radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, the optimal extent of PLND and the minimum number of nodes that should be examined for pathology remain unclear. However, evidence is growing that extended PLND has additional diagnostic and therapeutic benefits relative to standard PLND. In particular, a more meticulous and extended PLND may improve the disease-free survival of node-negative patients because it removes undetected micrometastases. Indeed, some patients with positive nodes can be cured by surgery alone, even those with gross adenopathy. Increasing lines of evidence also suggest that the extent of the primary bladder tumor, the number of lymph nodes that are removed, and the lymph node tumor burden are important prognostic variables in patients undergoing cystectomy. Therefore, extended PLND may not only provide improved prognostic information, it may also have a clinically significant therapeutic benefit for both lymph node-positive and node-negative patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Although the absolute limits of PLND remain to be determined, evidence supports the notion that a more extended PLND should include the common iliac vessels and presacral lymph nodes at cystectomy. Such PLND should only be performed in patients who are appropriate surgical candidates. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to properly establish the extent of PLND that is required to generate these benefits.
Cystectomy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis ; Tumor Burden ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the cancer detection rate in a Korean population with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels greater than or equal to 20.0ng/mL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 174 men 50 to 79 years old (median 69) included in the study. The median prostate volume of the patients was 44.8mL (range 14.1 to 210.0) and their serum PSA ranged from 20.0 to 9725.0ng/mL (median 44.8). RESULTS: Of 174 men 141 (81.0%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer on initial biopsy. In the total number of patients, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 62.9% for PSA 20 to 29.9, 72.7% for PSA 30 to 39.9 and 100% for PSA 40 to 49.9 ng/mL. In patients with an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE), the values for these PSA ranges increased to 89.5%, 91.7% and 100%, respectively. The PPV was 81.0% for PSA cutoff of 20, 89.2% for a cutoff of 30, 95.4% for a cutoff of 40, and 94.7% for a cutoff of 50 ng/mL. In conjunction with an abnormal DRE, the values for these PSA cutoffs increased to 95.9%, 98.1%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest the ability to predict the presence of prostate cancer reliably on initial biopsy when PSA threshold is greater than or equal to 50ng/mL. This PSA threshold may be lowered to 40ng/mL in the presence of an abnormal DRE. In Korean men with high PSA, the detection rate of prostate cancer on biopsy appears to be comparable to that for American men.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Cohort Studies ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prostate/pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/*blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/metabolism/pathology

PURPOSE: We investigated the incidence and risk factors of contralateral inguinal hernia or hydrocele in men dwelling in community with initially unilateral disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,700 men aged 20 years dwelling in the community were randomly selected at a 10.0% sampling fraction after a sampling process by census district and 2,080 of these men agreed to participate in the study. All volunteers underwent a standard evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination. They completed a self-administered questionnaire providing detailed information on any previous history. To evaluate risk factors for contralateral occurrence of inguinal hernia or hydrocele, we compared 3 possible variables (initial side, type and history of repair) between total patients with and those without contralateral inguinal hernia or hydrocele. For patients who underwent repair, 4 variables were compared (initial side, type, ipsilateral recurrence and age at repair) between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Of the participants, 48 men (2.3%) were observed to either have inguinal hernia or hydrocele on physical examination (n=14) or had a history of inguinal hernia or hydrocele repair (n=34). Six (12.5%) patients experienced contralateral inguinal hernia or hydrocele. Contralateral diseases occurred in 2 of 28 (7.1%) patients with initial right inguinal hernia or hydrocele, and 4 of 20 (20.0%) patients with initial left inguinal hernia or hydrocele. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in any of the variables. CONCLUSIONS: We did not identify subgroups at sufficiently increased risk to warrant contralateral exploration. Our findings suggest that routine contralateral exploration cannot be justified in these patients since the incidence of contralateral clinical inguinal hernia or hydrocele is low.
Censuses ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Testis ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of cryptorchidism on the testicular volume and gender identity of young men within a community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 27,202 men, aged 20 years, within the community, a 10% sampling fraction was randomly selected, of which 2,080 (a response rate 77.0%) agreed to participate in the study. All volunteers underwent a standard evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination. To evaluate the influence of cryptorchidism on gender identity, we used the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) in the men without testicular disease, but who were observed to have cryptorchidism on physical examination, or had a history of operation for cryptorchidism. RESULTS: Of the participants, 38 (1.8%) were observed to have cryptorchidism, or had a history of operation for cryptorchidism (right; 15, left; 21, bilateral; 2). Of these patients, 29 had a history of operation, with a mean age at the time of operation of 8.9+/-3.9 years, ranging from 2 to 19 years. Of the 36 patients with unilateral cryptorchidism, the contralateral testicular volume of the men that underwent an orchiopexy was no different to that of those that underwent an orchiectomy or that had no operation at all. Comparing the masculinity and femininity scores, using the BSRI between the orchiopexy and normal groups, the masculinity score of the orchiopexy group was lower than that of the normal group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that a delayed orchiopexy does not improve the growth of the testicular volume on the affected side, or the masculine identity, in men with unilateral cryptorchidism. In addition, these findings suggest that there is a need to increase the awareness related to cryptorchidism amongst all parties involved in the health care of children.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Femininity ; Gender Identity* ; Humans ; Male ; Masculinity ; Orchiectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Testicular Diseases ; Testis ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Stroke*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing testicular volume in young men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May and November 2001, 2,700 20 year old men, form a census district, were randomly selected at a 10.0% sampling fraction, along with a further 2,080 men who agreed to participate in the study. All volunteers underwent a standard evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination. After excluding men with testicular diseases, 1,792 men were included in the study. RESULTS: There were significant correlations of testicular volumes with height, body weight, and body-mass index, but these were only weak. From the multivariate model used, high temperature was associated with a decreased likelihood (odds ratio [OR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.60; p<0.001) of paired testicular volume (less than 25th percentiles among participants). The likelihood of a decreased paired testicular volume varied by area, with a 1.6-fold greater risk of men dwelling in large rural areas than those in major towns. A greater height was associated with a decreased likelihood (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.96; p=0.032), and low body weight was associated with an increased likelihood, of a decreased paired testicular volume (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.57-4.12; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings established that demographic and environmental factors have an impact on testicular size, and suggest that body size may have a role in determining testicular size in young men.
Body Height ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Censuses ; Daejeon* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Testicular Diseases ; Testis ; Volunteers ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing testicular volume in young men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May and November 2001, 2,700 20 year old men, form a census district, were randomly selected at a 10.0% sampling fraction, along with a further 2,080 men who agreed to participate in the study. All volunteers underwent a standard evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination. After excluding men with testicular diseases, 1,792 men were included in the study. RESULTS: There were significant correlations of testicular volumes with height, body weight, and body-mass index, but these were only weak. From the multivariate model used, high temperature was associated with a decreased likelihood (odds ratio [OR], 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.60; p<0.001) of paired testicular volume (less than 25th percentiles among participants). The likelihood of a decreased paired testicular volume varied by area, with a 1.6-fold greater risk of men dwelling in large rural areas than those in major towns. A greater height was associated with a decreased likelihood (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.96; p=0.032), and low body weight was associated with an increased likelihood, of a decreased paired testicular volume (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.57-4.12; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings established that demographic and environmental factors have an impact on testicular size, and suggest that body size may have a role in determining testicular size in young men.
Body Height ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Censuses ; Daejeon* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Testicular Diseases ; Testis ; Volunteers ; Young Adult