PURPOSE: This study was conducted to generate a grounded substantive theory of the adaptation process of mothers-in-law of Vietnamese women married to Korean husbands. METHODS: Thirteen women who had Vietnamese daughters-in-law were interviewed. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory method. RESULTS: Eight categories with 19 sub-categories were extracted from 268 concepts. The identified phenomenon was 'overcoming differences' and the core category was 'trying one's best to live together with daughter-in-law'. The 9 categories were grouped into 3 stages for the adaptation process: encountering, struggling, and living together. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that when individuals from different cultural and personal backgrounds have to live together there is a continuing negotiation process towards meeting each other's needs. Health professionals can assist this adaptation process by providing these women with insights into various ways of meeting each other's need while they are struggling.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Female ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Negotiating ; Spouses

The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge and attitude about oral contraceptive between Korean and Japanese university students in order to provide better sex education programs and direcrion.Korean subjects of this study were 337 university students in M city, during the period from April 1 to April 20, 2001 and Japanese subjects 245, during the period from June to August, 2001. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS package. The results from this study were summarized as follows :1. The mean age of Koreans and Japanese students was 21.0+/-3.2 and 19.6+/-3.2 years old. The number of Japaneses youths having the parter with sexual intercourse was larger than that of Korean university students. 2. Comparison of knowledge and attitude about oral contraceptives between Korean and Japanese university students ;1) Comparison of sexual differences : Oral contraceptives related knowledge of Korean university students marked 55.7+/-7.5 of male students and 56.7+/-6.2 of females with a range of 15 to 75. The level of female students' knowledge was higher than that of male's but there is not statistically a significant difference (p= .080). Oral contraceptives related attitude of Korean university students marked 81.1+/-12.2 of male students and 76.9+/-10.3 of female's with a range of 24 to 120. The level of male students' attitude was higher than that of female's and there is statistically a significant difference(p= .002). Oral contraceptives related knowledge of Japanese university students marked 55.3+/-6.7 of male students and 57.0+/-6.3 of female students. The level of female students' knowledge was higher than that of male's but there is not statistically a significant difference (p= .159). Oral contraceptives related attitude of Japanese university students marked 80.3+/-10.1 of male students and 80.4+/-9.9 of female students. The level of female students' attitude was higher than that of male's and there is not statistically a significant difference(p= .928).2) Comparison between the country : Oral conceptives related knowledge of Korean university students marked 56.2+/-6.8 and 56.7+/-6.4 of Japanese university students with a range of 15 to 75. The level of Japanese university students' knowledge was higher than that of Korean's but there is not statistically a significant difference(p= .361). Oral conceptives related attitude of Korean university students marked 78.9+/-11.4 and 80.4+/-9.9 of Japaneses with a range of 24 to 120. The level of Japanese university studentss' attitude was higher than that of Korean's and there is not statistically a significant difference(p= .100). 2. Wanted age of oral contraceptives taking medicine and age was correlated positively (r=.178, p=.004) and total knowledge score of oral contraceptives and total attitude score were correlated positively(r=.467 p= .000) in Korean university students. Wanted age of oral contraceptives taking medicine and age was correlated positively (r=.289, p=.004), age and total attitude score were correlated positively(r=.196 p=.002) and total knowledge score of oral contraceptives and total attitude score were correlated positively (r=.671 p=.000) in Japanese university students. 3. Korean university students lifted side effect by the greatest factors in investigation about leading person that disturb work oral contraceptive, and the following appeared by knowledge insufficiency, sexual feeling inflammation worry, social prejudice, sexual morality decline, supernumerary prescription being not right, other person reverse and economical burden. Japanese university students can know that it is appearing by side effect, supernumerary prescription being not right, knowledge insufficiency, sexual feeling inflammation worry, economical burden, social prejudice, sexual morality decline and other person reverse. Think that this is result by dissimilar health medical system and cultural difference between two countries.
Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Coitus ; Contraceptive Agents ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Morals ; Prejudice ; Prescriptions ; Sex Education

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of changes on the score of nausea/vomiting and anxiety during one cycle of chemotherapy. METHOD: A total of 53 subjects who were admitted to C University Hospital for a period of 3 days and 2 nights for chemotherapy were selected from February to April, 2003. Total scores of nausea/vomiting were measured twice a day 3 days for a total of 6 measurements. Anxiety, anorexia, and fatigue were also measured at the first and last measurement points. Data were analyzed by one-way repeated measures, ANOVA, t-test, paired t-test, & Pearson's correlation. RESULT: The score of nausea/vomiting increased over time except for the 4th measurement point but no changes were significant over time. There were the significant differences between 1st and 2nd, and 2nd and 3rd nausea/vomiting score at p < 0.05. The scores of anxiety, anorexia, and fatigue between the first and 6th points were significantly different(t=-5.69, p=.001; t=6.25, p=.0001; t=3.65, p=.0007). CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to identify the relationship between anxiety, and anticipatory and acute nausea/vomiting respectively.
Anorexia ; Anxiety* ; Drug Therapy* ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Nausea ; Vomiting

Background: Establishing hemostasis for surgical procedures in children with hereditary bleeding disorders is challenging. We evaluated the results of surgical procedures in children with hereditary bleeding disorders at our center and reviewed the preoperative management and hemorrhagic complications. Methods: We conducted a retrospective electronic medical record review from October 2006 to September 2019. Children with hereditary bleeding disorders who had elective surgeries or emergency operations were identified by an electronic record search. The primary focus was a review of clotting factor replacement strategies and bleeding complications. Results: In total, 126 elective procedures and 4 emergency surgeries were performed on 95 children at our center. Of the 95 children, hemophilia A, hemophilia B, von Willebrand disease, and factor VII deficiency were 74, 15, 4, and 2, respectively. The main disease distribution of procedures was 99 with hemophilia A, 24 with hemophilia B, and 4 with von Willebrand disease. Procedures included various orthopedic surgeries (87/130, 66.9%), placement or revision of a central venous catheter (8/130, 6.2%), and otolaryngology procedures (7/130, 5.4%). All patients received preoperative clotting factor replacement followed by various postoperative clotting factor replacement regimens. Thirteen procedures (10.0%) in five children were performed in the presence of high titers of clotting factor inhibitors. No deaths or life-threatening bleeding occurred after any procedure. Nine of the 130 procedures (6.9%) were complicated by postoperative bleeding. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were the most common procedures complicated by hemorrhage (3/5, 60%). Conclusion Surgical procedures are safe in children with hereditary bleeding disorders with adequate preparation and replacement of clotting factors. Bleeding remains a problem in a subset of patients and requires ongoing hematological involvement and oversight. Delayed bleeding following tonsillectomy was particularly common and suggests a need for close follow-up and ongoing factor administration for this group of patients.

PURPOSE: Growth hormone (GH) plays a key role in the regulation of body composition, lipid metabolism, and quality of life in adults with GH deficiency (GHD). This study investigated changes in laboratory findings and body composition after GH recommencement for adult GHD and analyzed correlation between GH interruption period and endocrine or anthropometric parameters. METHODS: A total of 45 patients (17 females and 28 males) diagnosed with childhood-onset GHD (CO-GHD) were investigated and all patients had organic brain lesions. Patients diagnosed CO-GHD were retested to confirm adult GHD at age 20.4+/-5.0 years (18.0-32.1 years). Recombinant human GH was administered at a dose of 0.44 mg/day. Clinical and laboratory parameters such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, were compared between baseline and 12 months after treatment using paired t-test. In addition, correlation between GH interruption period and clinical parameters including BMI, lipid profile, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3, was analyzed. RESULTS: Of 45 patients, 33 patients had GH interruption period of 4.3+/-3.6 years (0.7-12.5 years). Serum HDL-cholesterol level increased significantly, whereas LDL-cholesterol decreased after 1 year of GH replacement therapy. However, body weight and BMI showed no significant changes after 1 year of GH replacement therapy. There were no significant correlations between GH interruption period and lipid profile or anthropometric parameters. CONCLUSION: BMI and body weight were not affected by GH replacement. However, GH replacement in adults with GHD offers benefits in lipid metabolism.
Adult* ; Body Composition ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Brain ; Cholesterol ; Dwarfism, Pituitary ; Female ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Quality of Life ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive study was to gain basic data to develop a self-care protocol for the lymphedema patients. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 115 patients with lymphedema from 8 hospitals and two community health and welfare centers in Busan and Seoul. The data was collected with questionnaire by self reporting of patients between March 2001 and December 2001. Data was analyzed by mean and percentage. RESULT: For self-care activities in daily life, compliance of 'use skin care preparations', 'use heat and cold', 'protect from local compression on affected limbs', 'protect from insect biting', 'use aids to protect affected limbs', 'take diuretics and take protein diet' did not reach to 50%. For self-care activities related to complex physical therapy, 28.7% of subjects complied with compression garment, 14.8% with manual lymph drainage, and 13.0% with exercise. 20.0% of subjects tried to treat with acupuncture and 13.9% with heat therapy. CONCLUSION: From this study, it is suggested that patients need to get a self-care education with correct information about self care activities and health care professionals need to develop more convenience self-care techniques of massage and exercise.
Acupuncture ; Busan ; Compliance ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diuretics ; Drainage ; Education ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Insects ; Lymphedema* ; Massage ; Self Care* ; Self Report ; Seoul ; Skin Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires

With the wide and extensive use of immunosuppressive agents and broad-spectrum antibiotics, opportunistic fungla infections have been increased. Fusarium spp. are known to be significant emerging pathogens of opporthunistic local infection. But very rarely it may cause fatalc systemic infection. A 4-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia develped asymptomatic disseminated purpura with high fever unresponsive to the antibiotics during chemotherapy. The skin lesions gradually increased in size and number, and prgreassed to forming central necrosis. Many septated hyphae and variable sized spore-like fungal elements are found in the epidrmis, dermis and subcuit on histologic sections. The pathogenic fungus was idenified as Fusarium oxysporum by culture and scanning electronic microscopic findings.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child, Preschool ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Fever ; Fungi ; Fusarium* ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Immunocompromised Host* ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Male ; Necrosis ; Opportunistic Infections ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Purpura ; Skin

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the etiology, clinical features, and outcomes of patients with gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP). METHODS: The study included 16 patients (14 female and 2 male patients) who manifested secondary sexual characteristics, elevated sex hormones, or adrenal androgens with prepubertal luteinizing hormone levels after gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation diagnosed between May 1994 and December 2015. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were excluded. Clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment modalities, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 2.6 years (range, 0.7–7.9 years) and median follow-up duration was 4.6 years (range, 1 month–9.8 years). Patients with McCune-Albright syndrome (n=5) and functional ovarian cysts (n=4) presented with vaginal bleeding and elevated estradiol levels (23.3±17.5 pg/mL); adrenocortical tumors (n=4) with premature pubarche and elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels (87.2–6,530 µg/dL); and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-producing tumor (n=1) with premature pubarche and elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels (47.4 mIU/mL). Two patients were idiopathic. Six patients transited to gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty median 3.3 years (range, 0.3–5.1 years) after the onset of GIPP. Initial and follow-up height standard deviation scores (0.99±0.84 vs. 1.10±1.10, P=0.44) and bone age advancement (1.49±1.77 years vs. 2.02±1.95 years, P=0.06) were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The etiologies of GIPP are heterogeneous, and treatment and prognosis is quite different according to the etiology. Efficacy of treatment with aromatase inhibitors needs to be evaluated after long-term follow-up.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Androgens ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; Child* ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Diagnosis ; Estradiol ; Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Ovarian Cysts ; Prognosis ; Puberty, Precocious* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the etiology, clinical features, and outcomes of patients with gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP). METHODS: The study included 16 patients (14 female and 2 male patients) who manifested secondary sexual characteristics, elevated sex hormones, or adrenal androgens with prepubertal luteinizing hormone levels after gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation diagnosed between May 1994 and December 2015. Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were excluded. Clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment modalities, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 2.6 years (range, 0.7–7.9 years) and median follow-up duration was 4.6 years (range, 1 month–9.8 years). Patients with McCune-Albright syndrome (n=5) and functional ovarian cysts (n=4) presented with vaginal bleeding and elevated estradiol levels (23.3±17.5 pg/mL); adrenocortical tumors (n=4) with premature pubarche and elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels (87.2–6,530 µg/dL); and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-producing tumor (n=1) with premature pubarche and elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels (47.4 mIU/mL). Two patients were idiopathic. Six patients transited to gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty median 3.3 years (range, 0.3–5.1 years) after the onset of GIPP. Initial and follow-up height standard deviation scores (0.99±0.84 vs. 1.10±1.10, P=0.44) and bone age advancement (1.49±1.77 years vs. 2.02±1.95 years, P=0.06) were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The etiologies of GIPP are heterogeneous, and treatment and prognosis is quite different according to the etiology. Efficacy of treatment with aromatase inhibitors needs to be evaluated after long-term follow-up.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Androgens ; Aromatase Inhibitors ; Child* ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Diagnosis ; Estradiol ; Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Ovarian Cysts ; Prognosis ; Puberty, Precocious* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Hemorrhage

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare congenital vascular disorder, and its pathophysiology is still unclear and most cases occur sporadically. Cutaneous lesions are observed at birth with a marbled bluish and deep-purple appearance. The associated anomaly is manifest as body asymmetry, macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, mental retardation, syndactyly and congenital glaucoma. We report our experience of CMTC1 in a female infant with the gestational age of 34 weeks and 6 days and birth weight of 2,300 g who was born by cesarean section with abnormal skin lesions. The cutaneous lesions covered most of the lower body and they faded as she continues to grow. She also had onychodysplasia in her left 2nd phalanges. In this case, close follow up by not only pediatricians but also ophthalmologist and neurologists to treat various forms of lesions involved, though the prognosis of CMTC is generally good.
Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Macrocephaly ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Skin ; Skin Diseases, Vascular ; Syndactyly ; Telangiectasis ; Vascular Malformations