A brief introduction to the development milestones of postgraduate medical education in the world, highlighting the present details of such systems in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany and some Asian countries.It is held that common patterns can be identified despite the gaps found in such systems of these countries.In view of the training management system cornmonalities of thecountries,the authors proposed the development directions of residency training in China to enhance thehands-on capability and competence of clinical doctors in a standardized manner.

The objective of this study was to examine the inpatient bed (IB) allocation equity and utilization in Chinese city community health service centers (CHSCs). The data were derived from the Baseline Survey of National City Community Health Service System Building Project, which was conducted in 1917 CHSCs in 28 cities in 2007. The IB allocation was analyzed in terms of IB allocation quantity and distribution equity, and the IB utilization was analyzed by the IB utilization rate and average length of stay of the CHSC inpatients. The results showed that 49.3% of the CHSCs were equipped with IB; averagely, there were 45 IBs per CHSC, 0.94 IBs per 1000 people, and 0.38 nurses and 0.57 doctors per IB; the IB Gini coefficient was 0.32; the IB utilization rate was 40.06%; and the average length of stay of inpatients was 12.24 days. The conclusions were that IB allocation among the population was equitable, but the number of nurse per IB was not up to the national standard; and the CHSC IB utilization was low as a whole, thus inpatient service was not the main health service for Chinese CHSCs.

The objective of this study was to examine the inpatient bed(IB)allocation equity and utilization in Chinese city community health service centers(CHSCs).The data were derived from the Baseline Survey of National City Community Health Service System Building Project,which was conducted in 1917 CHSCs in 28 cities in 2007.The IB allocation was analyzed in terms of IB allocation quantity and distribution equity,and the IB utilization was analyzed by the IB utilization rate and average length of stay of the CHSC inpatients.The results showed that 49.3% of the CHSCs were equipped with IB; averagely,there were 45 IBs per CHSC,0.94 IBs per 1000 people,and 0.38 nurses and 0.57 doctors per IB; the IB Gini coefficient was 0.32; the IB utilization rate was 40.06%; and the average length of stay of inpatients was 12.24 days.The conclusions were that IB allocation among the population was equitable,but the number of nurse per IB was not up to the national standard; and the CHSC IB utilization was low as a whole,thus inpatient service was not the main health service for Chinese CHSCs.