A comprehensive knowledge of spinal biomechanics is of importance for the understanding of all aspect of spinal kinematics, clinical analysis and management of spinal problems. The spine is a biomechanical structure. The spine is a composit of the motion segments including sophisticated ligaments and reinforced muscles on the back, abdomen and rib cage. With an integrity of the biomechanical structure of spine, it has fundamental biomechanical functions such as allowing the physiologic motion smoothly between the head & pelvis, resist the destructive motions by stiffening the spine, transfer the weight evenly and protect the delicate vulnerable spinal cord. The data of the biomechanical aspects enable to know the characteristics of spine, to analysis the clinical situations, and to manage the spinal problems in ideal manner so as to contribute spine in healthy.
Abdomen ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Head ; Ligaments ; Muscles ; Pelvis ; Ribs ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

There were few reports on minor injuries such as strains of hand, wrist and elbow, but there was no report on the supracondylar fracture of the femur in Bowler. The fracture is induced if the stance motion is unbalanced during the body weight shift from the throw in bowling.
Body Weight ; Elbow ; Femur ; Hand ; Wrist

The author reviewed 67 cases having medial instability of the knee joint from 1971 to 1980 who were treated by surgery at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Ewha Womans University Hospital. The author reviewed 67 cases which showed medial instability from 1971 to 1980 who had been treated by surgery in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Ewha Womans University Hospital and summarized as follows. 1. The majority of the medial instability was due to rupture of medial collateral ligament with capsular ligament (43.3%), and the rest were due to rupture of tibial collateral ligament only (35.8%). 2. The medial instability also produced by rupture of the other structures of the medial side of the knee joint without tibial collateral ligament rupture. 3. The stress radiogram was important guide line for the diagnosis of the injury of the medial structures of the knee joint. 4. The degree of medial joint space opening was increased with the number of structures injured.
Collateral Ligaments ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee ; Rupture

Lumbar discography was described as the clinical diagnostic method by Lindblom in 1948, but its clinical value is still controversial. There are many false positive on lumbar discography. As CT scans are new widely available, axial discography only deserve to evaluate accureately. In 41 patients of lower back apin, radiating pain & claudication that was not improved with conservative treatment for 2 weeks, plain and axial discography were performed. The results were as follows :l. Among the 41 patients, herniated lumbar disc swere 19 cases, lumbar syndromes were 8 cases, spondylolisthesis were 8 cases and spinal stenosis were 6 cases. 2. Among the 95 level of discography, the level of L4-5 & L5-Sl were 81%. 3. The incidence of pathologic discs classified by Quinnell classification and Dallas discography description at plain axial discography were 65%, 74%, respectively. 4. Among the 19 cases of operated herniated lumbar discs, false negative and false positive plain discagraphy were 21%, 11%, respectively. And false negative axial discography is 5.3%. 5. There was a significant relationship between pain on provocation test and degeneration of discs. 6. We can confirmed the pathologic discs prior to operation.
Back Pain ; Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Objective To study the expression levels of interlukin-18(IL-18) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and habenular of the rats with chronic stress. Methods Male Wistar rats (n = 30) weighting about 185～255g were divided into test group (T, n = 15) and control group (C, n = 15) randomly. The rats in group T were exposed to various types of stresses every day for consecutive 21 days. The rats in group C did not receive any stress during 21 days. Weighting and open-field tests were carried out on each rat before the test and on the 22nd day. On the 22nd day, brains were removed and cut coronally. Immunohistochemistry method was used to measure the expression levels of IL-18. Results After 21 -day stress, the body weight, erection time, rearing times, horizontal crossing numbers,modifying times and defecation in group T((297.33 ±25.83)g,(5.14 ±2.02)s,(19.00 ± 9.01), (9.47 ±3.64),(3. 93 ± 1. 87)and(4. 93 ± 1. 94)) were significantly different from those of group C((322.00 ±30.34)g,(1.97 ±0.93)s,(39.80 ±18.58),(14.80 ±5.88),(7.27 ±2.87)and(1.93 ±1.16)) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The average optical density values of IL-18 positive cells in CA1 region and habenular in group T ((0.3923 ±0.0084 and 0.4577 ±0.0234)) were higher than that in group C ((0. 3165 ±0.0063 and 0. 3400 ±0.0097)) (P<0.01). Conclusion The expression levels of IL-18 of the hippocampus glial cells and of the habenular neurons in the rats is increase after the chronic stress.

Objective To find a indicator in urine to assist diagnosis of cerebral infarction,we investigated the changes of urine ferritin in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Collected serum from 30 healthy volunteers and 53 patients with cerebral infarction(CI),with ratio of males to females 19∶11 vs.30∶ 23,and average age was (56 ± 11) vs.(63 ± 11) respectively.Collected urine from 39 heathy volunteers and 33 patients with CI,with ratio of males to females 25∶14 vs.20∶ 13,and average age was (57 ± 10) vs.(64 ± 11) respectively.Ferritin concentration in all samples was detected with the chemical luminescence method,and the urine ferritin/urine cretinin (uFer/uCr) ratio was calculated.Differences of serum ferritin and uFer/uCr between healthy volunteers and CI patients were analyzed with the statistical software under Wilcoxon test.Urinary proteins were extracted with absolute ethanol.The extracted ferritin was displayed with Western blot for light chains and heavy chains to investigate the difference between healthy volunteers and CI patients.Results uFer/uCr was higher than that from healthy volunteers (U =292.00,P ＜0.05),and the median was (14.86 vs.6.22) μg/g.Moreover,after extraction of urinary proteins with alcohol,both light chains and heavy chains of ferritin in urine from CI patients were much more obvious than that from healthy volunteers.Conclusion The uFer/uCr ratio could provide a new proof to assist the diagnosis of cerebral infarction.

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression system of human ferritin L which could be overexpressed in E.coli, and then prepare quality control materials of rFL and evaluate the homogeneity, stability, precision and application value of the rFL.Methods RT-PCR was used to clone ferritin L gene with total RNA from peripheral blood.Ferritin L gene was inserted into plasmid pGM-T to construct subclone plasmid pGM-T/ferritin L, which was identified by sequencing.The recombinant plasmid pET-30a/ferritin L was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) and efficiently expressed under IPTG induction.rFL was identified by SDS-PAGE, and its antigenicity was examined by WB.The concentration of rFL was measured by ACCESS immunoassay system.Fifteen control samples were randomly selected using random number table.The homogeneity and stability of rFL were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a linear regression model, respectively.The uncertainties of homogeneity, stability and the precision were evaluated.Results A prokaryotic expression system of ferritin L was successfully constructed.Sequence analysis showed that the ferritin L gene inserted was identical with the one from GenBank(NM_000146.3).The PCR products were 527 bp long, in complete agreement with length of ferritin L gene.The molecular weight of rFL highly expressed in E.coli induced by IPTG was 19 000 Da.The WB analysis indicated that this rFL protein had good antigenicity.The concentration of rFL(1 000 times dilution) measured by ACCESS immunoassay system was (1115.84±38.38) ng/ml.Homogeneity evaluation of low-concentration QC sample and high-concentration QC sample of rFL showed that there were no statistical significances in the within-groups and between-groups (for high-concentration F=2.336, P>0.05 and for low-concentration F=0.730, P>0.05).A linear regression based on the stability test indicated that there was no statistically significant trend of instability in five and a half months (F=1.755, P>0.05). Precision analysis showed the within-run CV, the between-run CV, the between-day CV and the total CV of high-concentration QC sample were 2.06%, 2.12%, 0% and 2.96% respectively; the within-run CV, the between-run CV, the between-day CV and the total CV of low-concentration QC sample 2.03%, 2.08%, 0% and 2.90%, respectively.Conclusion This rFL for quality control materials with independent intellectual property rights could meet the clinical requirement of homogeneity, stability and precision, and could provide raw materials for preparation of mixed ferritin for quality control.

No Abstract Available.
Cataract* ; Corneal Opacity*

Cell Hypoxia ; Humans ; Misonidazole ; analogs & derivatives ; Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated