Intertrochanteric fractures occur mostly in the elderly population. Direction of fracture line, lesser trochanteric fracture, comminution and displacement are the chief concerns in radiological diagnosis of intertrochanteric fractures. Interchanteric fractures can be classified by Evansgrading, Jensens modification of Evansgrading, AO classification, and so on, which are to judge the stability of the fracture. Currently, the basic priciple of management is operation and fixation. The common implants of internal fixation consist of two basic kinds: gliding compression screws with lateral plate, such as dynamic hip screws (DHS), and intramedullary nail fixation, such as Gamma nails and proximal femoral nails. Exteranl fixators are only applied in cases of severe multiple trauma and elderly patients, and artificial joint replacements in those of serere comminuted fractures combined with high osteoporosis.

To review the outcome of the endovascular treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease,the recent literature concerning endovascular treatment as well as aortoiliac occlusive disease was extensively reviewed,and the research and development were summarized.The results are:(1) In most cases,endovascular invention is better than surgery ; (2) Stent placement has a higher technical success rates and a better longterm outcome than percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,primary or selective stent placement,which is better,is controversial; (3)Covered stents perform better than bare stents in longer-term patency and clinical outcome ; (4)Endovascular treatment of complex AIOD provides excellent early and long-term results,similar to those obtained in the treatment of simple lesions.So,in general,endovascular treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease provides excellent clinical results,further research is needed.

The consistgncy of fostering high quality persons with excellent medical knowledge and medical moral has been the basic change of higher medical education adapting to current medical model and it is start and stay point of realizing medical educational goal.Therefore,higher medical school should focus on the stutas and function that medical ethical moral education plays in education according to the present condition of students' moral realizing level.This article puts forward that higher education school should make full use of medical ethical moral course and arouse major teacher's teaching positivity and strengthen medical ethical moral propaganda and educating function of managing work.

Radiotherapy has been proven to enhance tumor-specific immune response and provide targets for immune drugs. Immune checkpoint inhibitors represented by PD-1/PD-L1 combined with radiotherapy can enhance anti-tumor activity and exert abscopal effect. In this article, research progress on the basic study and clinical trials and challenges of radiotherapy combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer were reviewed.

Impacted femoral neck fractures should be treated operatively as displaced fracture. Many authors suggested emergency operation. The principle of treatment of femoral neck fractures is anatomic reduction, fragmental compression,and rigid fixation. Closed reduction must be done in most cases. When close anatomic reduction can not be achieved, open reduction should be considered.Implants used recently consist of pins , screws,hook pins and gliding screws with side plate. Every implant has its own advantages, disadvantages and indications. The principle of treatment of femoral neck fractures in young patients is emergency operation (within 12h after trauma), anatomic reduction (open reduction when necessary), and rigid fixation with screws. Some authors stated the necessity of anterior capsularoctomy.

Osteoporosis is considered as the most important factor which causes the fracture of the femoral neck. Comminution of fracture and rigidity of fixation are greatly affected by the degree of osteoporosis. Femoral neck fractures in young patients are mainly caused by severe trauma. Although Garden classification is widely accepted in classifying femoral neck fractures, in the recent decades some doctors have found out some shortcomings in Garden classification in practical application. It has been suggested to classify the femoral neck fractures simply into displaced and undisplaced ones. Arthroplasty used to be thought as the choice of treatment of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Application of arthroplasty must accord with the indications, not only with the age of the patient or the degree of the displacement of the fracture. There is no X ray diagnosis specially for the avascular necrosis of femoral head secondary to femoral neck fracture, other than Ficat Arlet grade system. MRI is considered to be the only method to diagnose the avascular necrosis of femoral head at an early stage and to defect its extent and location.

Paternity testing has to be cautiously practiced,since it involves issues coming from all aspects including ethics,legislation,family and society.If the educational backgrounds of the litigants prevent them from fully understanding the ethical and legal issues involved in paternal testing,it would thus be impossible to achieve a real "informed consent" for the litigants.It is our point of view that in these cases,and when no alternative solutions are available,it is the responsibility of those who perform paternity testing to advise the litigants give up the application for paternity test.Besides,it is time for judicial departments to place on the agenda the establishing of a technique standard for paternity testing and relevant judicial procedures,in order to protect the basic rights of informal consent and autonomy of litigants in paternity testing practices.It is in this article that some ethical and legal issues commonly involved in paternity testing are discussed.

Objective To evaluate the independent effect of premorbid statins on incident ischemic stroke severity and outcome at discharge.Methods We included consecutive patients with ischemic stroke and recorded demographic data,vascular risk factors,Oxfordshire Classification,the method of treatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score,previous statins treatment,and outcome discharge.We analyzed the data using univariate methods and a logistic regression with the dependent variable of good outcome(Barthel Index,BI 95 to 100).Results A total of 185 individuals met study criteria:57 patients were on statins agents prior to admission and 128 were on no statins.Pretreatment with statins was associated with lower presenting median NIHSS(6.0 vs 13.0,P

Objective:To provide scientific references for establishing a whole informatization management system of reagent used in science and research of hospital based on the root cause analysis (RCA). And to find existed problems and analyze main reasons from reagent management, material, time, financial, personnel and other factors through fishbone chart, and to provide relative management measurement of informatization.Methods: The reagent consumptions used in science and research of a tertiary referral center hospital in Fujian province in 2015 year were collected, and then the purchase amount and ratio of them were analyzed.Results: The purchase amount of reagent for science and research of this tertiary referral center hospital in Fujian province was more than 2.55 million RMB in 2015 year, and the ratio of national clinical key special projects was 23.32% and that of provincial clinical key special projects was 6.85%. The two items spent more purchase amount, and the type and ratio of reagent of various department was different depended on their own various developed situation.Conclusion: The informatization management and service mode of reagent used in science and research have very important role in the construction of soft power of hospital. In present, a series of disadvantages existed in various clinical and research department, for example, the use of reagents are scatter, involved professional span is larger and disperse, and accurate trace, dynamic tracking and flexible deploy machines are difficultly achieved. Therefore, how to promote comprehensive informatization management for relative resource, for optimizing structure configuration, for controlling cost and ensuring quality of reagent has became the most important task for informatization management of reagent used in science and research.

ObjectiveTo establish a comprehensive evaluation method on sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to different antibiotics, then use the method to evaluate the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to 6 antibiotics. Methods Through literature review, related articles were consulted and sensitivity testing data to antibiotics were collected,and the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to the 6 antibiotics was assessed with analytic hierarchy process. The sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to the 6 antibiotics(Cefotaxime penicillin, Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Ciprofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin Buddha's, and Streptomycin) was evaluated comprehensively with analytic hierarchy process from the antibacterial situation of the antibiotics to Yersinia pestis of 141 strains of virulent, attenuated EV76paris strains and isolates of the bacteria of Yunnan. Results The evaluation showed that the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to antibiotics was different. The rank of the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to the 6 antibiotics was: Ceftazidime, Ampicillin, Cefazolin,Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Streptomycin. Composite score index were 1.730 77, 1.631 77, 1.581 95, 1.567 80,1.449 48, and 0.999 99, respectively. Conclusions Analytic hierarchy process evaluation can be a reasonable,objective and more accurate evaluation on the sensitivity of Yersinia pestis to different antibiotics. This method could provide some references for screening feasible pharmaceuticals against plague.