The treatment and signaling pathway regulation effects of kidney- tonifying traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis have been widely studied, but without a systematic summary currently. This review comprehensively collected and analyzed the traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment and signaling pathway regulation of osteoporosis in recent ten years, such as Epimedium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidium, Eucommia, Psoralen and Dipsacus. Based on the existing findings, we concluded the following conclusions: (1) kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine treats osteoporosis mainly through BMP-Smads, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote osteoblast bone formation and through OPG/RANKL/RANK, estrogen, CTSK signaling pathway to inhibit osteo?clasts of bone resorption. ① Epimedium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidium and Psoralen up-regulate the key proteins and genes of BMP-Smads and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways to promote bone formation.② Epimedium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidium, Eucommia, Psoralen, Dipsacusinhibit the bone resorption by mediating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. (2) Kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine prevent and treat osteoporosis through a variety of ways: Icariin, Naringin, Osthol, Psoralen can regulate BMP-Smads, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation, but also activate OPG/RANKL/RANK, CTSK and other signaling pathway to inhibit bone resorption. (3) The crosstalk of the signaling pathways and the animal experiments of the traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as their multi-target mechanism and comprehensive regulation need further clarification.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of different variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) locus in genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) strains isolated from eight provinces in China, and to find the suitable locus-set of VNTR for epidemical strains in China.

METHODSAll 140 M.tuberculosis strains were randomly selected from 2800 M.tuberculosis strains isolated from eight provinces in China, 27 VNTR loci were used for typing all isolates. Discriminatory power (Hunter-Gaston Index, HGI) of every locus and different locus-set were analyzed by BioNumerics software. Meanwhile, Spoligotyping was used to identify Beijing family and non-Beijing family. Then the HGI of different locus-sets in two families was also evaluated.

RESULTSAll 140 isolates were clustered into Beijing kindred (112 strains, 80%) and non-Beijing kindred (28 strains, 20%) by Spoligotyping. The discriminatory power of Spoligotyping in 140 isolates was 0.4589. Every locus showed different polymorphism and HGI were from 0 to 0.809. The number of VNTR loci with HGI higher than 0.5 in all strains, Beijing family and non-Beijing family was 8, 7 and 14 respectively. 27 loci were combined into four groups which included 8, 12, 15 and 24 VNTR loci respectively. Four locus-sets showed different polymorphism, HGI of eight-locus, 12-locus, 15-locus, and 24-locus set in 140 strains was 0.9991, 0.9882, 0.9980 and 0.9986, and their discriminatory power were calculated in Beijing kindred (HGI: 0.9987, 0.9318, 0.9969 and 0.9975) and non-Beijing kindred (HGI: 1, 0.9894, 1 and 1).

CONCLUSIONDifferent VNTR locus and locus-set showed different discriminatory power in the selected M.tuberculosis strains isolated from China. Eight-locus set can be used in molecular epidemiological study of M.tuberculosis in China after standardization.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Tandem Repeat Sequences

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence and constituent characteristic of neoplasm in oromaxillo-facial region in Xinjiang.

METHODSA total of 2161 patients with benign or malignant oral-maxillofacial tumors diagnosed in Department of Dentofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical College from 1995 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOf the 2161 cases, 58.49% (1264/2161) was benign tumors, 33.13% (716/2161) malignant tumors, and 8.38% (181/2161) tumor-like lesions. The most common benign tumors were pleomorphic adenoma, hemangioma, papilloma, adenolymphoma and ameloblastoma. Squamous cell carcinoma constituted the majority of the malignant tumors. The most common malignant tumors of salivary gland were adenoid cystic carcinoma. The most common odontogenic tumors was ameloblastoma. The most common sites of malignant tumors were tongue, lip, parotiod gland and buccal mucosa.

CONCLUSIONSThe common pathological type of oral and maxillofacial benign neoplasm and the most common sites of malignancy in Xinjiang region were similar to those of other places inside and outside the country. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was more common than other salivary originated tumors. There was more malignant tumors in Uygur nationality than in Han living in the same region.

Adenolymphoma ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Ameloblastoma ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; epidemiology ; pathology ; China ; epidemiology ; Face ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Odontogenic Tumors ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Objective:To investigate the value of cellular immune status before initial 131I treatment for predicting treatment response in young and middle-aged patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods:From March 2018 to April 2019, 150 young and middle-aged patients with PTC (46 males, 104 females, age (40.0±9.8) years) who underwent total thyroidectomy and neck lymph node dissection in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were enrolled retrospectively. All patients underwent radioablation 1-2 months after operation, and the serum lymphocyte subsets (CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD4/CD8) as well as natural killer (NK) cells were detected 1 d before the initial 131I treatment. Patients were divided into excellent response (ER) group and non-ER group according to the response of 6-12 months after 131I treatment. Clinicopathological characteristics, preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (psTg), initial 131I dose and lymphocyte subsets that might affect the response to 131I treatment were analyzed (independent-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, multiple logistic regression analysis). ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of significant factors for non-ER. Results:Of 150 patients, 84 cases were in ER group (56.00%), and 66 cases (44.00%) were in non-ER group. Age ( z=-2.86, P=0.004), M stage ( χ2=13.64, P<0.001), psTg ( z=-8.94, P<0.001), initial 131I dose ( z=-7.60, P<0.001), CD4 + ( t=2.50, P=0.014), CD4/CD8 ( z=-2.22, P=0.027) of the two groups were significantly different. Multivariate analysis showed that psTg (odds ratio ( OR)=1.27, 95% CI: 1.16-1.40, P<0.001) and CD4/CD8 ( OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.15-0.99, P=0.048) were independent factors for predicting 131I treatment response. The cut-off values of psTg and CD4/CD8 for predicting non-ER were 6.78 μg/L and 1.67, respectively. Conclusions:Cellular immune status before initial 131I treatment may predict treatment response in young and middle-aged patients with PTC. It indicates non-ER response when Tg is higher than 6.78 μg/L and CD4/CD8 is lower than 1.67.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the roles of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on dendritic cells (DCs) in HBV infection.

METHODSPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 48 healthy volunteers (HV) and 50 chronically HBV-infected patients (CH). DCs were induced and proliferated in a culture medium with rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4. We stimulated DCs with poly I:C and then TLR3, HLA-DR, and CD86, and CD1a expressions were examined by flow cytometry at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The mRNA expressions of TLR3 were quantified by real-time PCR.

RESULTSTLR3 expression on DCs before the poly I:C stimulation and afterwards on the 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h were 69.2%+/-20.4%, 76.0%+/-18.6%, 78.2%+/-19.5% and 85.5%+/-6.9% respectively in the CH group, and 70.8%+/-11.2%, 67.5%+/-20.9%, 86.3%+/-14.7%, 68.6%+/-16.9% in the HV group. The expressions of TLR3 were up-regulated significantly at 24 h and 48 h after stimulation with poly I:C in the HV group, and in the CH group they were not significantly increased at 24 h but obviously increased at 48 h. The mRNA expressions of TLR3 increased significantly at 12 h in the HV groups, and at 48 h in CH group. The rate of CD86 expressions increased after poly I:C stimulation, and the increased rates were 12.6%+/-9.8%, 23.8%+/-20.0%, 20.7%+/-14.3% in the CH group, and 31.0%+/-25.0%, 43.4%+/-24.7%, 44.6%+/-25.5% in the HV group at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after poly I:C stimulation. There was a marked increase of the expression level of CD86 in the HV group. In contrast, the level was only slightly increased in the CH group (31.0% vs 12.6%). The differences between the two groups were significant at 24 h and 48 h. No significant differences were detected in HLA-DR and CD1a between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe increase of expression level of TLR3 is slower in the CH group than that in the HV group. A marked increase of the expression level of CD86 is observed in the HV group. Our results suggest that abnormal expression of TLR3 and CD86 may relate to the persistence of HBV infection.

Adult ; B7-2 Antigen ; metabolism ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; metabolism ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDRecently, due to the rapid development of proteomic techniques, great advance has been made in many scientific fields. We aimed to use magnetic beads (liquid chip) based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technology to screen distinctive biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma (adCA), and to establish the diagnostic protein profiles.

METHODSUsing weak cation exchange magnetic beads (MB-WCX) to isolate and purify low molecular weight proteins from sera of 35 lung adCA, 46 benign lung diseases (BLDs) and 44 healthy individuals. The resulting spectra gained by anchor chip-MALDI-TOF-MS were analyzed by ClinProTools and a pattern recognition genetic algorithm (GA).

RESULTSIn the working mass range of 800 - 10 000 Da, 99 distinctive peaks were resolved in lung adCA versus BLDs, while 101 peaks were resolved in lung adCA versus healthy persons. The profile gained by GA that could distinguish adCA from BLDs was comprised of 4053.88, 4209.57 and 3883.33 Da with sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 93%, while that could separate adCA from healthy control was comprised of 2951.83 Da and 4209.73 Da with sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 95%. The sensitivity provided by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in this experiment was significantly lower than our discriminatory profiles (P < 0.005). We further identified a eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit (eRF3b) (4209 Da) and a complement C3f (1865 Da) that may serve as candidate biomarkers for lung adCA.

CONCLUSIONMagnetic beads based MALDI-TOF-MS technology can rapidly and effectively screen distinctive proteins/polypeptides from sera of lung adCA patients and controls, which has potential value for establishing a new diagnostic method for lung adCA.

Adenocarcinoma ; blood ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Magnetics ; Male ; Microspheres ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

This study was purposed to investigate the effects of 25 Gy gamma-ray irradiation on the CD62p expression, platelet count and the mean platelet volume (MPV) of manually enriched platelet suspension in different time of shelf life at 22 degrees C. Each of 16 bags with plasma-rich platelet was divided into two bags, one of which was exposed to 25 Gy gamma-ray of 137Cs and the other ones was not exposed. 16 bags then were preserved for 72 hours according to AABB standards. The irradiated platelets were regarded as the observation group, and the other ones were regarded as the control group, the expression of p-selectin (CD62p) in the above 2 groups was detected by flow cytometry before irradiation and at 24, 72 hours after irradiation respectively; at the same time, the platelet count and MPV were assayed by using blood cell counter. The results showed that the expression level of CD62p on platelet in irradiated and control groups increased along with the prolonging of preservation time, the expression rate of CD62p on the platelets preserved for 24 hours was higher than that on fresh platelets with significant difference (p<0.05); the expression rate of CD62p on the platelets preserved for 72 hours obviously was enhanced as compared with platelets preserved for 24 hours (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in CD62p expression rate, platelet count and MPV between irradiated and control groups preserved for 24 and 72 hours (p>0.05), however the MPV of irradiated and control groups preserved for 72 hours was higher than that of fresh platelets (p<0.05). It is concluded that the gamma-ray irradiation does not affect the quantity and quality of platelets, but the preservation time for manually enriched platelet suspension should be shortened as far as possible.
Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; P-Selectin ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Platelet Count ; Plateletpheresis ; Preservation, Biological ; methods

Rational nutritional support shall be based on nutritional screening and nutritional assessment.This study is aimed to explore nutritional risk screening and its influencing factors of hospitalized patients in central urban area.It is helpful for the early detection of problems in nutritional supports,nutrition management and the implementation of intervention measures,which will contribute a lot to improving the patient's poor clinical outcome.A total of three tertiary medical institutions were enrolled in this study.From October 2015 to June 2016,1202 hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled in Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) for nutritional risk screening,including 8 cases who refused to participate,5 cases of same-day surgery and 5 cases of coma.A single-factor chi-square test was performed on 312 patients with nutritional risk and 872 hospitalized patients without nutritional risk.Logistic regression analysis was performed with univariate analysis (P＜0.05),to investigate the incidence of nutritional risk and influencing factors.The incidence of nutritional risk was 26.35％ in the inpatients,25.90％ in male and 26.84％ in female,respectively.The single-factor analysis showed that the age ≥60,sleeping disorder,fasting,intraoperative bleeding,the surgery in recent month,digestive diseases,metabolic diseases and endocrine system diseases had significant effects on nutritional risk (P＜0.05).Having considered the above-mentioned factors as independent variables and nutritional risk (Y=1,N=0)as dependent variable,logistic regression analysis revealed that the age ≥60,fasting,sleeping disorders,the surgery in recent month and digestive diseases are hazardous factors for nutritional risk.Nutritional risk exists in hospitalized patients in central urban areas.Nutritional risk screening should be conducted for inpatients.Nutritional intervention programs should be formulated in consideration of those influencing factors,which enable to reduce the nutritional risk and to promote the rehabilitation of inpatients.

Objective: To understand the characteristics and associated factors of viral nucleic acid conversion in children infected with Omicron variant strain of SARS-CoV-2 in Shanghai. Methods: The clinical symptoms, laboratory results and other data of 177 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 who were hospitalized in Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (designated hospital for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shanghai) from April 25 to June 8, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the chest imaging findings, the children were divided into mild and common type groups. According to their age, the unvaccinated children were divided into<3 years old group and 3-<18 years old group. According to the vaccination status, the children aged 3-<18 year were divided into non-vaccination group, 1-dose vaccination group and 2-dose vaccination group. Comparison between groups was performed by independent sample t-test and analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Among the 177 children infected with Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, 96 were males and 81 were females, aged 3 (1, 6) years. The time of viral nucleic acid negative conversion was (10.3±3.1) days. The 177 children were 138 cases of mild type and 39 cases of common type. Among the children aged 3-<18 years old, 55 cases were not vaccinated, 5 cases received 1-dose and 36 cases received 2-dose vaccination. Among the 36 children who received 2 doses of vaccination, the time of viral nucleic acid negative conversion was shorter in those vaccinated within 6 months than those over 6 months ((7.1±1.9) vs. (10.8±3.0) d, t=-3.23, P=0.004). Univariate analysis showed that the time of nucleic acid negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 was associated with age, underlying diseases, gastrointestinal symptoms, white blood cell count, proportion of neutrophils, proportion of lymphocytes, and the number of doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (t=3.87, 2.55, 2.04, 4.24, 3.51, 2.92, F=16.27, all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that older age (β=-0.33, 95% CI -0.485--0.182, P<0.001) and more doses of vaccination (β=-0.79, 95% CI -1.463--0.120, P=0.021) were associated with shortened nucleic acid negative conversion time in children, while lower lymphocyte proportion (β=-0.02, 95% CI -0.044--0.002, P=0.031) and underlying diseases (β=1.52, 95% CI 0.363-2.672, P=0.010) were associated with prolonged nucleic acid negative conversion time in children. Conclusion: The children infected with Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 with reduced lymphocyte proportion and underlying diseases may have longer time of viral nucleic acid negative conversion,while children with older age and more doses of vaccination may have shorter time of viral nucleic acid negative conversion.
Child ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Nucleic Acids ; COVID-19 ; Retrospective Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Translocation, Genetic ; Hospitals, Pediatric

The goal of this work was to establish a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model of tacrolimus in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients and to identify potential covariates that influence pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus. A total of 610 data points on the blood concentration of tacrolimus were collected from 96 IMN patients in routine clinical settings. Nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) was used to investigate the effects of CYP3A5 genotype, age, gender, weight, laboratory tests and co-therapy medications on the pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus. The PPK model was evaluated by the goodness-of-fit (GOT), bootstrap and prediction corrected visual predictive check (pc-VPC). The pharmacokinetic of tacrolimus was described by a one-compartment model. The apparent clearance (CL/F) of CYP3A5*1/*3 and *1/*1 were 1.57 and 1.86 times of that of *3/*3, respectively. The CL/F of tacrolimus was 73.6% in patients undergoing co-therapy with Wuzhi capsules, and 1.2 times than that of the patients undergoing co-therapy with Jinshuibao capsules. The evaluation of the model shows that the model is stable and has satisfactory predictive performance. The clinical trial was approved by the Society of Ethics and conducted in Binzhou Medical University Hospital. The established PPK model can describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus in Chinese patients with IMN, and can facilitate individualized therapy with tacrolimus.