Abstract Vertebral column defects can have adverse effects on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Early screening and diagnosis is conducive to the correction of the disease, which can effectively slow down or stop the process of abnormal spinal curvature in children and adolescents. However, in terms of cost-effectiveness, there are different opinions around the world on the inclusion of school screening for abnormal spinal curvature into routine health services. This article reviews the concept and classification of vertebral column defects in children and adolescents, the epidemic situation, screening methods and significance by consulting the relevant literature at home and abroad, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of the disease.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to understand the associations between childhood abuse experience,parent-child relationship and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in middle school students. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 500 middle school students from Shenzhen,Zhengzhou,Nanchang and Guiyang as participants. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on childhood abuse exposure,parent-child relationship and NSSI. Results: The prevalence of NSSI was 14.81%,while it was higher among male students (15.95%) than female students (13.64%) (χ2=15.29,P<0.01). A multivariate Logistic regression models showed that the moderate and high level of childhood abuse (OR=2.23,3.27) and the low level of parents-child relationship (OR=1.80,1.36) were associated with high NSSI detection rate among middle school students (P<0.01). In each group of childhood abuse,low level of father-child relationship was associated with high NSSI detection rate among middle school students (OR=1.36,1.34,1.56,P<0.05). In the group with high level of childhood abuse experience,low level of mother-child relationship was associated with high NSSI detection rate (OR=1.20,P<0.05). Among male students,those with high level of childhood abuse experience,low level of parentchild relationship were associated with high NSSI detection rate (OR=1.46,1.35,P<0.01); regardless of the level of childhood abuse experience,low level of father-daughter relationship was associated with NSSI detection rate (OR=1.64,1.54,1.68,P<0.01) among females. Conclusion Childhood abuse experience and poor parent-child relationship are associated with NSSI in middle school students, with distinct gender difference. Prevention of childhood abuse and the improvement of parent-child relationship are beneficial to the prevention and control of NSSI.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between childhood abuse experience and non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students, and gender differences of the relationship. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 500 middle school students from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Nanchang and Guiyang as participants. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on demographic indicators, childhood abuse experiences and non-suicidal self-injury, etc. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse experience and non-suicidal self-injury, and gender differences. Results: The prevalence of NSSI was 9.5%,while it was higher among male students (10.7%) than female students(8.3%) (χ2=22.77，P<0.01). The rate of NSSI was higher with the increasing exposure of childhood abuse. High levels of multiple forms of childhood abuse had independent effects on NSSI among total samples after controlling for confounding factors (P<0.01). In middle school students with high levels of sexual abuse, emotional neglect and childhood abuse, females versus males had higher risk to have NSSI (P<0.01). Conclusion Childhood abuse experiences were associated with increased risk of NSSI among middle school students, especially among girls. Groups at highest risk of NSSI in relation to certain types of childhood abuse should be targeted with interventions accordingly.